Ma wheel drive onse kapena ma wheel drive onse | ndani amasamala?
Zamkatimu
4WD, AWD, part time or full time. Onse ndi osiyana ndipo onse ndi oyenerera pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana.
Ndiye pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa AWD ndi 4WD? Mwachidule, machitidwe onse a AWD ndi 4WD amayendetsa mawilo onse anayi, motero mayina awo, koma zinthu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchokera pamenepo.
Komabe, Subaru ili ndi kufotokoza kwabwino: "Magalimoto onse ndi mafotokozedwe ovomerezeka a galimoto yomwe imayendetsa mawilo onse nthawi zonse. 4WD nthawi zambiri imaganiziridwa ngati galimoto kapena, makamaka, SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito makina osankhidwa ndi dalaivala omwe amayendetsa magudumu onse."
M'dziko lenileni zinthu sizikhala zophweka, koma monga lamulo, ma XNUMXxXNUMX ndi opepuka komanso otsika (ganizirani Subaru Forester et al) kuposa XNUMXxXNUMXs ndipo ndi oyenera kuyendetsa mwachangu m'misewu ndi misewu yafumbi kuposa kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono pamsewu. alibe chilolezo chapansi. ndi kupatsirana komwe kumapangidwira kuti azigwira ntchito kunja kwa msewu.
Magalimoto okhala ndi ma wheel wheel nthawi zonse adapangidwa ndikupangidwira kuti aziyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku pa asphalt "ndi dothi la apo ndi apo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mopepuka pamsewu," akutero Subaru.
Magalimoto oyendetsa ma wheel onse (omwe amadziwikanso kuti 4x4s) ndi mbali ina ya ndalama yagalimotoyo: amakonda kukhala akulu, olemera, odalirika komanso oyenerera kuyendetsa bwino pamtunda waufupi*. (Osadandaula: tifotokoza zomwe zili pambuyo pake mu ulusi uwu.)
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa machitidwe a AWD ndi AWD sikumangokhalira kufanana kwa machitidwe awiriwa, komanso kumakhala mozama mu zovuta za machitidwe okha ndi ntchito zenizeni zomwe adapangidwira.
Koma ndi gawo liti lomwe lili bwino poyang'anizana ndi ma wheel drive ndi magalimoto onse? Ndi ziti mwa ziwirizi zomwe zili bwino panjira, zapamsewu, ndi zomwe zili bwino kwa banja lanu? Werengani ndikupeza.
4WD yanthawi yochepa idafotokoza
M'magalimoto ambiri apamsewu a 4WD, mphamvu yochokera ku injini imatumizidwa kumawilo akumbuyo kudzera potengerapo. Chotengera chosinthira chimakhala ndi magiya awiri omwe amatha kulumikizidwa ndi unyolo. Mumadula unyolo wa magudumu awiri - kumbuyo kokha - ndipo imagwira ntchito mu XNUMXWD mode; izi zimatseka liwiro la ekseli yakutsogolo kupita ku liwiro lakumbuyo.
Kuyendetsa kwa magudumu anayi kumagwira ntchito mu 2WD pamsewu, malo oyenda chifukwa simufunika zonse zinayi kuti muzitha kuyenda bwino monga momwe mungachitire pamisewu yam'mbuyo kapena misewu.
M'makina anthawi yochepa a 4WD, omwe nthawi zina amatchedwa 4x4 kapena pakufunika 4WD machitidwe, kuchitapo kanthu kosinthira kumapereka kuyendetsa kwakukulu pamayendedwe apang'onopang'ono. Komabe, magudumuwo amatsetserekabe ndi kukanda chifukwa cha malo otayirira, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti kupindika kulikonse kumadzithetsa pozungulira kuti achepetse kupsinjika.
Komabe, mumsewu, mawilo amayenera kuzungulira paokha kuti azitha kumakona. Ngati kusinthasintha kwa gudumu lililonse kuli kochepa ndi dongosolo la 4WD, pamene akuzungulira, matayala amatha kugwedezeka kapena kusinthasintha pofuna kusunga liwiro lozungulira nthawi zonse.
Ngati mwakhala mukugwiritsa ntchito 4WD pamsewu kwa nthawi yayitali, mukupempha mikangano: idzawonjezera kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta, kuchititsa kuti galimoto yanu ikhale yosafunikira, ndipo choipitsitsa, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa mphepo. amatchedwanso transmission tie-up).
Izi ndi zomwe SUV's powertrain yanu ili pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu chifukwa cha mphamvu ya torque yambiri yomwe ikukakamiza galimoto yanu, yotsekedwa mu 4WD mode, kudutsa m'makona ndi kuzungulira pamene mawilo onse anayi akuzungulirabe mofulumira. .
Ngati matayala sangathe kutsetsereka kuti amasule pent mmwamba mphamvu, "kupotoza" uku akugogomezera hubs magudumu ndi kufala kwa malire, amene angakhale otsika mtengo kwambiri kukonza ndipo, poipa, zoopsa kwambiri. .
Nthawi Yonse 4WD Yofotokozedwa
Permanent 4WD imayendetsa mawilo onse anayi nthawi zonse. Kuti muyende mozungulira vuto la kink lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa, dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwapakati (kapena kungosiyanitsa) komwe kumapereka liwiro losiyana pa chitsulo chilichonse.
Ngakhale kuti chotengeracho chimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse kuyendetsa mawilo akutsogolo ndi akumbuyo, kusiyanitsa kumalola kuthamanga kosiyanasiyana kozungulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti panjira, dongosolo la XNUMXWD silingayese kusunga gudumu lililonse pa liwiro lokhazikika, kupewa kutha kwa kufalikira.
Pazinthu zamagulu, kusiyanako kumatha kutsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawilo azizungulira pa liwiro lomwelo ndipo motero amapereka mphamvu yofananira ndi miyala yamtundu womwewo monga anzawo anthawi yochepa.
Maloko osiyanasiyana, kumbuyo kapena pakati, komanso kutsika kosiyana * kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyendetsa mopanda msewu kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo mumafunika kuyendetsa bwino magudumu ndi torque yayikulu kuchokera pamayendedwe. (*Tikulonjeza zambiri pa izi pansipa.)
Low Range 4WD Yofotokozedwa
Toyota LandCruiser 70 Series ndi chitsanzo cha otsika osiyanasiyana onse magudumu galimoto.
Magalimoto anthawi yochepa komanso anthawi zonse a XNUMXWD amakhala ndi zotengera zamitundu iwiri, ndipo izi zimakupatsani ufulu wochulukirapo pankhani yakutali komwe mungapite.
Choyamba, mkulu osiyanasiyana: mu 2H (awiri-mawilo pagalimoto, mkulu osiyanasiyana) mode, mawilo awiri, kawirikawiri mawilo kumbuyo, kuyendetsa galimoto. Mumagwiritsa ntchito 2H pamagalimoto abwinobwino amsewu.
Mu mawonekedwe a 4H (4WD, High Range), mawilo onse anayi amayendetsa galimotoyo. Mukugwiritsa ntchito XNUMXH pamalo omwe angafunike kugwira kwambiri kuposa phula; ganizani mchenga wolimba, misewu yafumbi, tinjira ta miyala ndi zina zotero.
Chotsatira, chotsika: Mu 4L (XNUMXWD, low range) mode, mawilo onse anayi amayendetsa galimoto ndipo chiŵerengero chochepa cha gear chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mawilo agalimoto yanu amayenda pang'onopang'ono kuposa RPM yokwera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito liwiro locheperako komanso torque yochulukirapo.
Mumagwiritsa ntchito 4L pa mchenga wofewa, milu ya mchenga, mapiri otsetsereka ndi otsetsereka, matope akuya kapena chipale chofewa, ndikukwawa pang'onopang'ono kwa miyala.
Munkakonda kusuntha kupita kumtunda kapena kutsika ndi chosinthira chaching'ono (chotupa chachifupi) pafupi ndi bukhu lanu lalikulu kapena chosinthira magalimoto, ndipo ena aife kuyambira "Masiku Akale" timafunikira kutuluka mu 4WDs ndikutseka zathu. malo otsekera pamanja pamawilo akutsogolo ogwirira ntchito kunja; kenako ndikutsegula mukabwerera ku 2H. Osatinso pano; tsopano mutha kusinthira kumtunda wapamwamba kapena wotsika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito kuyimba kapena knob mu kanyumbako.
M'magalimoto ambiri amakono a 4WD, mutha kusintha kuchokera ku 2H kupita ku 4H popanda kuyimitsa, koma kuchoka ku 4H kupita ku XNUMXL kumafuna kuyimitsa kwathunthu.
Magudumu anayi adafotokoza
Magalimoto okhazikika a Subaru amatha kutumiza mpaka 70 peresenti ya torque kupita ku ekisi yakumbuyo.
Magalimoto oyendetsa magudumu anayi sagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira; amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsa galimoto omwe ali ndi makina-kusiyana kocheperako kapena makina oyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta-omwe amawongolera makokedwe kumene amafunikira kwambiri kuti azitha kuyenda bwino, komabe amalola kusiyana kozungulira pakati pa ma axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
"M'makina ambiri a AWD, injini imayendetsa gearbox yakutsogolo, yomwe imayendetsa kutsogolo kutsogolo kupita kutsogolo," akufotokoza motero Subaru Australia tech guru Ben Grover.
“Kuzungulira kwa ekseli yakutsogolo kumayendetsa tsinde lapakati pomwe ekseli yakumbuyo imazungulira.
"Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma torque ambiri amatumizidwa kutsogolo, pomwe shaft yakumbuyo imafika 40 peresenti.
"Kumbali ina, dongosolo la Subaru limayendetsa kusiyana kwapakati, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti dongosololi likhoza kutumiza mpaka 70 peresenti ya torque ku nsonga yakumbuyo."
Dongosolo la 4WD lomwe limakhalapo nthawi zonse limapereka mphamvu zambiri kuposa XNUMXWD yosankhidwa ndi dalaivala "nthawi yosayembekezereka pomwe ngodya imakhala yoterera kwambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezera, kapena kukakokera mwachangu kumafunika kuyenda bwino pamtsinje wolumikizana," akutero Subaru.
Kumbukirani: XNUMXxXNUMXs adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'misewu ya bituminous yokhala ndi dothi pang'ono kapena yopepuka yotalikirapo.
Kufotokozera kwa XNUMXWD pakupempha
Toyota Kluger ikupezeka ndi ma gudumu onse poipempha m'mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri.
Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto onyamula anthu komanso ma SUV okonda mzinda.
M'malo moyendetsa mawilo anthawi zonse, galimotoyo imasinthidwa kukhala ma gudumu awiri (nthawi zambiri mawilo akutsogolo). Mawilo akutsogolo akayamba kupota, masensa amazindikira kutayika kwa kukokera ndikulozeranso torque ya injini kupita ku chitsulo china kuti apereke mphamvu kwambiri.
Ndi dongosolo lanzeru chifukwa silikupatsani zomwe simukuzifuna mpaka mutazichita.
Kuwombana kocheperako poyendetsa mawilo awiri okha nthawi zambiri kumapangitsanso kuti mafuta azitsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi machitidwe okhazikika a magudumu anayi, omwe angapereke ndalama zambiri pa moyo wa galimotoyo.
Ndiye, SUV AWD kapena 4WD?
OFF-ROAD (Sport Utility Vehicle) ndi mawu achidule omwe amachokera ku United States ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza galimoto yapamsewu, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyenda pa magudumu onse opangidwa pa galimoto yamoto yopepuka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, SUV yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukirachulukira ku Australia pazamalonda ndi malonda ngati dzina lophatikizira pagalimoto iliyonse yomwe imawoneka ngati galimoto, kuphatikiza ngakhale ma crossovers "ofewa" olunjika mumzinda. kunja. "Off-road" alibe chochita ndi mtundu wa galimoto yomwe ili nayo kapena mphamvu zake zakunja.
Kusiyana pakati pa AWD ndi 4WD - off-road
Ndiye, kodi mutha kuyendetsa panjira ndi magudumu onse? Inde mungathe, koma tikupangira kuti musatengere patali nazo. Ma XNUMXWD ndi opepuka komanso ang'onoang'ono kuposa ma XNUMXWD ndipo ali oyenerera kuyendetsa pamisewu yamiyala, misewu yowoneka bwino, komanso mikhalidwe yopepuka yapamsewu ngati mchenga wolimba wa gombe ndi zina zotero.
Monga tafotokozera, ma XNUMXxXNUMX nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo otsika kuposa ma XNUMXxXNUMX omwe amafanana nawo, motero amakhala pachiwopsezo chokakamira zopinga (miyala, zitsa) kapena kukakamira pamtunda (mchenga wakuya).
Simumapatsidwanso chilolezo chochulukirapo pankhani yoyendetsa mawilo akuya kapena ma ruts, kotero kuti wapansiyo amakhala pachiwopsezo chowonongeka.
Kutumiza kwa XNUMXWD sikunapangidwe kuti zizigwira ntchito m'mikhalidwe yovuta yapamsewu monga nthawi yayitali yoyendetsa mumchenga wofewa.
Ma XNUMXxXNUMXs amakhala okulirapo, olemera, odalirika komanso oyendetsa galimoto ndi chassis opangidwira malo ovuta kwambiri akunja kwa msewu, motero ndi oyenera kwambiri kumtunda woyenda pang'onopang'ono, woyipa.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chili chabwino, magudumu anayi kapena magudumu anayi?
Zimatengera zomwe muzigwiritsa ntchito.
Dzifunseni nokha: chomwe chili chabwino kwa ine - magudumu anayi kapena magudumu anayi? Ngati inu ndi banja lanu mumakonda kunja ndi kumanga msasa, koma osafunikira kudutsa njira zokongoletsedwa bwino za miyala kapena misewu yomangidwa m'mapaki ambiri aku Australia kuti mukafike kumeneko, ndiye kuti XNUMXxXNUMX imapereka chitonthozo, chitetezo komanso kusinthasintha kwamatauni. , dziko ndi dziko kuyendetsa.
Ngakhale kusiyana pakati pa XNUMXxXNUMXs ndi XNUMXxXNUMXs kukutseka mofulumira, ponena za kukwera ndi kunyamula, XNUMXxXNUMXs imakondabe kupambana XNUMXxXNUMXs pazitsulo zonse zotonthoza.
Koma malo otsika a 4xXNUMX otsika pansi komanso kulowetsa mpweya, ndi powertrain yake ndi chassis, zomwe sizimasinthidwa bwino ndi katundu wapamsewu monga XNUMXxXNUMXs, zikutanthauza kuti XNUMXxXNUMXs sali pafupi kwambiri. -ndi-gombe lokhoza ngati XNUMXWD yopangidwa ndi cholinga.
Ngati muli ndi banja lalikulu ndipo mumakonda kupita kutchuthi kumalo ovuta kufika omwe ndi ovuta kufikako ndi china chilichonse kupatula LandCruiser, ndiye kuti mukufunikira 4WD. Magalimoto awa ali ndi transmission, gearbox, suspension, ground chilolezo, air intake kutalika, osatchula ngodya zolowera, kutuluka ndi mathamangitsidwe kuti tigonjetse off-road bwino kuposa onse gudumu pagalimoto.
Zida zambiri zomwe mungasankhe ziliponso pamagalimoto a XNUMXWD - kukweza kuyimitsidwa, ma snorkel ndi zina zambiri - kuti apititse patsogolo luso lawo lakunja.
Ndemanga za mkonzi: Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyamba mu June 2015 ndipo tsopano yasinthidwa kuti ikhale yolondola komanso yokwanira.
