Kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto. Chipangizo ndi cholinga

Kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto kumagwirizanitsa gawo lonyamula la galimoto ndi mawilo. Ndipotu, iyi ndi dongosolo loyimitsidwa, lomwe limaphatikizapo zigawo zingapo ndi misonkhano. Chofunikira chake ndikutenga mphamvu zamphamvu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimatuluka poyenda pamsewu ndikupanga kugwirizana pakati pa thupi ndi mawilo zotanuka.

Zoyimitsidwa - kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo - pamodzi ndi chimango, matabwa a chitsulo ndi mawilo amapanga galimotoyo.

Makhalidwe angapo agalimoto amatsimikiziridwa mwachindunji ndi mtundu ndi kapangidwe kake ka kuyimitsidwa. Pakati pazigawo zazikuluzikulu zoterezi ndikugwira, kukhazikika, komanso ngakhale kusalala.

The unsprung mass ndi gulu la zigawo zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji msewu ndi kulemera kwawo. Choyamba, awa ndi mawilo ndi mbali zoyimitsidwa ndi njira zopumira zomwe zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji kwa iwo.

Zigawo zina zonse ndi mbali, amene kulemera anasamutsidwa kwa msewu kudzera kuyimitsidwa, kupanga anaphukira misa.

Chiŵerengero cha sprung ndi unsprung mass chimakhudza kwambiri kuyendetsa galimoto. Zing'onozing'ono za zigawo zomwe sizinapangidwe zokhudzana ndi zowonongeka, zimakhala bwino kuti zisamayende bwino komanso zisamayende bwino. Kumbali ina, izi zimathandiziranso mphamvu zamagalimoto.

Kuchuluka kosasunthika kungayambitse kuyimitsidwa kwa inertia. Pamenepa, kuyendetsa mumsewu wokhotakhota kungawononge chitsulo chakumbuyo ndikupangitsa ngozi yoopsa.

Pafupifupi zigawo zonse zoyimitsidwa zimagwirizana ndi kulemera kosasunthika kwa galimotoyo. Chifukwa chake, ndizomveka chikhumbo cha mainjiniya kuti achepetse kulemera kwa kuyimitsidwa mwanjira ina. Kuti izi zitheke, opanga akuyesera kuchepetsa kukula kwa magawo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma alloys opepuka m'malo mwa chitsulo. kilogalamu iliyonse anapambana pang'onopang'ono bwino kuthamanga makhalidwe a galimoto. Zotsatira zomwezo zitha kupezedwa powonjezera kuchuluka kwa sprung, koma chifukwa cha izi muyenera kuwonjezera kulemera kwakukulu. Kwa magalimoto okwera, chiŵerengero chake ndi pafupifupi 15: 1. Kuonjezera apo, kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero chonse kumawonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera.

Kumbali ya chitonthozo

Galimoto yomwe ikuyenda imangogwedezeka nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, ma oscillation otsika kwambiri komanso otsika kwambiri amatha kusiyanitsa.

Pakuwona kwa chitonthozo, kuchuluka kwa kugwedezeka kwa thupi pamphindi pa mphindi kuyenera kukhala kuyambira 60 mpaka 120.

Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito matayala ndi zida zina zotanuka, misa yosakhazikika imakhala ndi kugwedezeka kwafupipafupi - pafupifupi 600 pamphindi. Mapangidwe a kuyimitsidwa ayenera kusunga kugwedezeka koteroko kuti zisamveke mu kanyumba.

Ndipo, zowona, kugunda ndi kugwedezeka sikungapeweke poyendetsa, kulimba kwake kumadalira momwe msewu ulili. Kulimbana mogwira mtima ndi zotsatira za kugwedezeka chifukwa cha kuphulika pamsewu ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za kuyimitsidwa.

Kumbali yakuwongolera

Galimoto iyenera kukhalabe ndi njira yoyendetsera kayendetsedwe kake ndipo nthawi yomweyo isinthe mosavuta pakufuna kwa dalaivala. Imodzi mwa ntchito za kuyimitsidwa ndikupereka kukhazikika kokwanira kwa mawilo oyendetsa galimoto kuti galimotoyo ipitirize kuyenda molunjika, mosasamala kanthu za zovuta zowonongeka zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa msewu.

Ndi kukhazikika bwino, mawilo oyendetsa amabwerera kumalo osalowerera ndale ndi kulowerera pang'ono kapena osayendetsa, ndipo galimotoyo imayenda molunjika, ngakhale chiwongolerocho sichinagwiridwe.

Momwe mawilo amayendera pokhudzana ndi msewu ndipo thupi limatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kinematics ya kuyimitsidwa.

Kumbali ya chitetezo

Kuyimitsidwa kuyenera kupangitsa kuti matayala azigwira bwino pamsewu kuti chigamba cholumikizira chikhalebe chokhazikika panthawi yosuntha. Kusintha kwamphamvu pamakonzedwe (malingana, ndi zina), komanso kuyimitsidwa kwa geometry, kuyenera kukhala kochepa. Izi ndi zoona makamaka poyendetsa mabampu mumsewu ndi kumakona. Mapangidwewo ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimachepetsa mpukutu ndikuchepetsa mwayi wothamanga ndi kugubuduza makina, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kupereka kukhazikika kokwanira.

Kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi njira zowongolera, zotanuka, chotsitsa chotsitsa, anti-roll bar, komanso zomangira, zowongolera ndi zowongolera.

Njira zowongolera 

Choyamba, awa ndi ma levers osiyanasiyana, omwe mungaphunzire zambiri, komanso mitundu yonse ya zokopa, zoyikapo, zowonjezera. Zimatengera iwo momwe ndi mkati mwa malire omwe amatha kusuntha mawilo pa nkhwangwa zosiyanasiyana komanso ndege zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, amafalitsa mphamvu zokoka ndi zowotcha, komanso zikoka zam'mbali, mwachitsanzo, pakutembenuka.

Kutengera mtundu wa njira zowongolera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuyimitsidwa konse kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu - odalira komanso odziyimira pawokha.

Pa wodalira, mawilo onse a ekseli imodzi amalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi mlatho (mtanda). Pankhaniyi, kusamuka kwa imodzi mwa mawilo, mwachitsanzo, poyendetsa dzenje, kumayambitsa kusamuka kofanana kwa winayo.



Pakuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha, palibe kulumikizana kolimba koteroko, kotero kusamuka koyima kapena kupendekera kwa gudumu limodzi sikukhudzanso ena.



Magulu onsewa ali ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake, zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwa ntchito yawo. Ponena za magalimoto onyamula anthu, apa mwayi wowoneka bwino udakhala kumbali ya kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha. Ngakhale axle yakumbuyo nthawi zambiri imayikidwabe yodalira, nthawi zina mutha kupezanso makina odziyimira pawokha a torsion-lever.

Pa nkhwangwa yakutsogolo, kuyimitsidwa wodalira, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu ndi kuphweka kwa mapangidwe ake, akadali ofunika pa magalimoto, mabasi ndi SUVs.

Kuyerekeza kwa machitidwe odalira ndi odziyimira pawokha amaperekedwa.

Mapangidwewo angaphatikizepo kuchuluka kwa ma levers, ndipo amatha kupezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe awa, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa kuyimitsidwa kwa lever imodzi, lever iwiri ndi ma multi-link suspensions okhala ndi nthawi yayitali, yopingasa kapena oblique.

Elastic elements 

Izi zimaphatikizapo akasupe, mipiringidzo ya torsion, akasupe amitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso ma hinges a rabara-zitsulo (zotchinga zopanda phokoso), chifukwa chomwe ma levers ndi akasupe amasuntha. Zinthu zodzitchinjiriza zimatha kugwedezeka mukagunda mabampu mumsewu ndikufewetsa kwambiri momwe zimakhudzira thupi, injini yoyaka mkati ndi zida zina ndi machitidwe agalimoto. Ndipo, ndithudi, amawonjezera mlingo wa chitonthozo kwa iwo omwe ali mu kanyumbako.

Nthawi zambiri, popanga kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha, akasupe a cylindrical coil amagwiritsidwa ntchito, opangidwa ndi chitsulo chapadera cha masika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera. Zinthu zotanuka zoterezi ndizodalirika, sizikusowa kukonza ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimakulolani kuti mukhale osalala bwino. M'magalimoto onyamula anthu, akasupe atsala pang'ono kulowa m'malo mwa akasupe.



Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa dongosolo lokonzekera la kuyimitsidwa kwa kasupe ndi zilakolako ziwiri.

Poyimitsidwa mpweya, akasupe a mpweya amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chotanuka. Ndi kusintha mpweya kuthamanga mu yamphamvu mu maonekedwe awa, n'zotheka mwamsanga kusintha rigidity dongosolo, komanso kuchuluka kwa chilolezo pansi. Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumatheka chifukwa cha machitidwe a masensa ndi gawo lolamulira lamagetsi. Komabe, mtengo wa chipangizo choterocho ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo umayikidwa pamagalimoto apamwamba okha. Komanso, chosinthira mpweya kuyimitsidwa ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi okwera mtengo kukonza, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndithu pachiopsezo pa misewu zoipa.



damper ya vibration 

Amagwira ntchito yake. Amapangidwa kuti achepetse kugwedezeka komwe kumabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zida zotanuka, komanso zochitika za resonant. Ngati palibe chotsitsa chododometsa, kugwedezeka kwa ndege zoyima ndi zopingasa kumachepetsa kwambiri kuwongolera ndipo, nthawi zina, kungayambitse ngozi. 

Nthawi zambiri, damper imaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zotanuka kukhala chipangizo chimodzi - chomwe nthawi yomweyo chimagwira ntchito zingapo.

Chipilala chotsutsa 

Gawoli limayikidwa pama axles akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Amapangidwa kuti achepetse mpukutu wozungulira pokhota ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa makina odumphira.



Mutha kudziwa zambiri za chipangizocho komanso mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito anti-roll bar.

Zomangira 

Kulumikiza zigawo zoyimitsidwa ku chimango ndi wina ndi mzake, mitundu itatu ya zomangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito - zomangika, zokhala ndi zida zotanuka (zingwe zachitsulo-zachitsulo ndi tchire). Zotsirizirazi, kuwonjezera pa kukwaniritsa ntchito yawo yayikulu, zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa phokoso potengera kugwedezeka kwa ma frequency angapo.

Kawirikawiri, mapangidwewo amaperekanso malire a maulendo a levers. Galimoto ikadutsa phokoso lalikulu, bumper ya rabara imayamwa mphamvu isanafike kumtunda kapena kutsika. Chifukwa chake, kulephera msanga kwa chotsitsa chododometsa, kuthandizira kwake kumtunda ndi chipika chapansi chachete chimalephereka.

Mutuwu ndi wotakata kwambiri kuti ungafotokoze mbali zake zonse m'nkhani imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri opanga mapangidwe akugwira ntchito nthawi zonse kukonza zida zomwe zilipo ndikupanga zatsopano. Mayendedwe odalirika kwambiri ndi machitidwe omwe amasintha okha kuti agwirizane ndi momwe msewu ulili. Kuphatikiza pa akasupe a mpweya omwe atchulidwa kale, mwachitsanzo, mipiringidzo yotsutsa-roll imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imatha kusintha kukhazikika kwawo molingana ndi chizindikiro chochokera ku ECU.



M'magalimoto angapo, zowonongeka zowonongeka zimayikidwa zomwe zimasintha kuuma kwa kuyimitsidwa chifukwa cha ntchito ya solenoid valve.

Mu kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic, gawo la zotanuka limaseweredwa ndi magawo, magawo akutali omwe amadzazidwa ndi mpweya ndi madzi. Mu Hydractive system, gawo la hydropneumatic ndi gawo la kuyimitsidwa.



Komabe, njira zonsezi ndi okwera mtengo, choncho oyendetsa ambiri ayenera kukhala okhutira ndi MacPherson ndi kasupe kasupe ndi wishbones awiri lero.

Palibe amene ali otetezeka ku zovuta m'misewu yathu, kotero sizingakhale zosayenera kuti mudziwe bwino ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingatheke. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga.