Airbags. Zonse zomwe tiyenera kudziwa za iwo

Airbags ndi gawo lagalimoto lomwe tikuwoneka kuti sitikulilabadira. Pakali pano, moyo wathu ungadalire pa zochita zawo zolondola!

Ngakhale ife kulabadira chiwerengero cha airbags mu galimoto yathu pogula galimoto, ife kuiwala kwathunthu za iwo pa ntchito. Izi ndi zolondola? Moyo wautumiki wa pilo umafanana ndi zomwe zalengezedwa ndi wopanga? Kodi amafunikira nthawi ndi nthawi? Momwe mungayang'anire ma airbags mugalimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito yogulidwa? Ndi chinyengo chanji chomwe ogulitsa magalimoto amagwiritsa ntchito kubisa kuti sakuyenda bwino kapena kuchotsedwa kwa airbag?

M'nkhani yotsatira, ndiyesetsa kupereka chidziwitso changa cha ntchito za "airbags" otchuka.

Air bag. Kodi zonsezi zinayamba bwanji?

Mbiri ya airbags yamagalimoto imayambira ku XNUMXs, pomwe injiniya wakale wopanga John W. Hetrick adapereka chilolezo cha "Automotive Airbag System". Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti John analimbikitsidwa ndi ngozi yapamsewu yomwe inachitikirapo kale. Ku Germany nthawi yomweyo, woyambitsa Walter Linderer amavomereza machitidwe ofanana. Lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito zida zovomerezeka linali lofanana ndi lamasiku ano. Galimotoyo ikakumana ndi chopinga, mpweya woponderezedwa umayenera kudzaza thumba lomwe limateteza woyendetsa kuti asavulale.

GM ndi Ford anasamalira zovomerezeka, koma mwamsanga zinaonekeratu kuti panali mavuto ambiri luso pa njira yopangira dongosolo lothandiza - nthawi yodzaza thumba la mpweya ndi mpweya woponderezedwa inali yaitali kwambiri, njira yodziwira kugunda inali yopanda ungwiro. , ndi zinthu zomwe airbag amapangidwira zimatha kuwononga thanzi la airbag.

Pokhapokha m'zaka za m'ma sikisite, Allen Breed adawongolera dongosolo, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale lamagetsi. Breed imawonjezera sensor yogundana, pyrotechnic filler ku dongosolo, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito chikwama chocheperako chokhala ndi mavavu kuti muchepetse kupanikizika jenereta itaphulika. Galimoto yoyamba yogulitsidwa ndi dongosololi inali 1973 Oldsmobile Tornado. 126 Mercedes W1980 inali galimoto yoyamba kupereka lamba wapampando ndi airbag ngati njira. Patapita nthawi, airbags akhala otchuka. Opanga anayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito pamlingo waukulu. Pofika 1992, Mercedes yekha anaika airbags miliyoni miliyoni.

Air bag. Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Monga ndanenera m'mbiri yakale, dongosololi lili ndi zinthu zitatu: ndi activation system (shock sensor, acceleration sensor and digital microprocessor system), jenereta ya gasi (imaphatikizapo choyatsira ndi cholimba) ndi chidebe chosinthika (pilo palokha ndi zopangidwa ndi thonje la nayiloni kapena nsalu ya polyamide yokhala ndi mphira wa neoprene). Pafupifupi 10 milliseconds pambuyo pa ngozi, makina otsegula a microprocessor amatumiza chizindikiro kwa jenereta ya gasi, yomwe imayamba kutulutsa mpweya wa airbag. 40 milliseconds pambuyo pa chochitikacho, airbag yodzaza ndi yokonzeka kugwira thupi lothamanga la dalaivala.

Air bag. Moyo wadongosolo

Chifukwa cha ukalamba wa magalimoto ambiri omwe ali ndi dongosolo lomwe likufunsidwa, ndi bwino kuganizira ngati zigawo zina zingathe kusiya kumvera. Kodi thumba la pillow limafufuma pakapita nthawi, kodi makina otsegula amawonongeka, monga mbali ina iliyonse yamagetsi ya galimoto, kapena jenereta ya gasi imakhala yolimba?

Chidebe chokhacho, thumba la pillow, limapangidwa ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri zopangira (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi thonje losakanikirana), mphamvu yomwe imatsimikiziridwa kuti imakhala yochuluka kwambiri kuposa ya galimoto yokha. Nanga bwanji za activation system yokha ndi jenereta ya gasi? Zomera zophatikizira zamagalimoto nthawi zambiri zimagwira nawo ntchito yobwezeretsanso ma airbags. Kutaya kumatengera kuyendetsedwa koyendetsedwa kwa khushoni.

Onaninso: Momwe mungasungire mafuta?

Pazokambirana zanthawi zonse, ogulitsa amavomereza kuti mapilo akale amakhala pafupifupi 100%. Ochepa chabe mwa zana "sawotcha", nthawi zambiri m'magalimoto osavuta kupeza chinyezi. Ndinamva zomwezo muutumiki wokhazikika m'malo mwa chitetezo chagalimoto. Ngati galimotoyo inkagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi, i.e. sichinadzazidwe kapena kukonzedwa bwino, moyo wautumiki wa ma airbags sakhala ndi nthawi.

Kodi malo ochitirako ntchito ovomerezeka ndi ogulitsa magalimoto amati chiyani pankhaniyi? M'mbuyomu, akatswiri opanga ma airbags ankakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 10 mpaka 15, ndipo nthawi zambiri amamangirira zolemba pazithunzi kuti zisonyeze pamene ma airbags asinthidwa. Opanga zinthu atazindikira kuti mapilo ndi olimba kwambiri, anasiya zinthu zimenezi. Malinga ndi akatswiri odziyimira pawokha, kusinthika koteroko sikungachitike m'magalimoto okhala ndi malingaliro omwe ali pamwambapa.

Palinso lingaliro lina komanso lopanda malire kuti kuthetsedwa kwa kukakamiza kulowetsa ma airbags ndi njira yotsatsa. Wopanga sakufuna kuwopseza wogula ndi ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito posintha zinthu zamtengo wapatali, motero, monga mafuta okhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, zimathetsa kufunika kosintha, podziwa kuti m'zaka khumi udindo wa airbag wolakwika udzakhala. khalani onyenga basi. Komabe, izi sizinatsimikizidwe m'matumba opangidwanso, ngakhale akale kwambiri, omwe amadzaza ndi pafupifupi 100%.

Chikwama cha mpweya. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa "kuwombera" pilo?

Kodi nditani ngati airbag kutumizidwa pa ngozi? Ndi ndalama zingati kusintha zinthu zina? Tsoka ilo, kukonza akatswiri sikutsika mtengo. Makanika amayenera kusintha thumba la jenereta la gasi, m'malo kapena kukonzanso mbali zonse za dashboard zomwe zawonongeka ndi kuphulika, ndikusintha malamba am'mipando ndi ma pretensioners. Tisaiwale m'malo Mtsogoleri, ndipo nthawi zina airbag magetsi. M'malo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka, mtengo wosinthira ma airbags akutsogolo ukhoza kufika PLN 20-30 zikwi. Mu msonkhano wapayekha wa akatswiri, kukonzanso kotereku kudzayerekeza ma zloty masauzande angapo.

Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwa kukonza ku Poland, pali "magalasi" omwe amachita zachinyengo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuyika zikwama za airbags (nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati nyuzipepala) ndi kunyenga zamagetsi kuti athetse zidziwitso zosafunika. Njira yosavuta yofananira ndi ntchito yolondola ya nyali ya airbag ndikuyilumikiza ndi mphamvu ya nyali ya ABS, kuthamanga kwamafuta, kapena kulipiritsa batire.

Pambuyo pochita izi, chowunikira cha airbag chimazimitsa pakangopita nthawi kuyatsa, kuwonetsa thanzi ladongosolo labodza. Chinyengochi ndi chosavuta kuchizindikira polumikiza galimoto ndi kompyuta yowunikira pa malo ovomerezeka ovomerezeka. Tsoka ilo, scammers amagwiritsa ntchito njira zapamwamba kwambiri. Mu umodzi wa airbag m'malo workshops mu Warsaw, ndinaphunzira kuti dongosolo amene amalamulira ntchito ndi kukhalapo kwa airbags makamaka kulamulira kukana dera.

Achinyengo, poika resistor mlingo woyenera, kunyenga dongosolo, chifukwa ngakhale matenda kulamulira kompyuta sangayang'ane pa kukhalapo kwa dummy. Malinga ndi katswiriyo, njira yokhayo yodalirika yowonera ndikuchotsa dashboard ndikuwunika dongosolo. Iyi ndi njira yokwera mtengo, kotero mwiniwake wa chomeracho adavomereza kuti makasitomala amasankha kawirikawiri. Choncho, cheke chokhacho choyenera ndikuwunika momwe galimotoyo ilili popanda ngozi, momwe galimoto ilili, ndipo mwina ndi gwero lodalirika logulira galimotoyo. Ndizolimbikitsa kuti, malinga ndi zomwe zapezedwa ku malo akulu kwambiri othamangitsira magalimoto ku Warsaw, malinga ndi ziwerengero, magalimoto ochepera komanso ochepera omwe amakhala kumalo otayirako ali ndi zikwama za airbags. Choncho, zikuoneka kuti kukula kwa mchitidwe woopsa umenewu ukuyamba pang’onopang’ono kunyozedwa.

Air bag. Chidule

Mwachidule, malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, zikwama za airbags zilibe tsiku lodziwikiratu lotha ntchito, choncho ngakhale akale a iwo, pansi pa kayendetsedwe kabwinobwino, ayenera kutiteteza bwino pakagwa ngozi. Pogula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwonjezera pa kuwunika mkhalidwe wake wopanda ngozi, m'pofunika kuchita kafukufuku wa makompyuta kuti muchepetse mwayi wogula galimoto ndi dummy airbag.

Werenganinso: Kuyesa Volkswagen Polo