Chifukwa chiyani choyambira chikudina, koma sichitembenuza injini

Nthawi zambiri, kuyambitsa galimoto kumatsagana ndi kutchulidwa kolakwika pakugwiritsa ntchito kiyi yoyambira chipangizo - choyambira. Kuwonongeka kwa ntchito yake kungadziwonetsere ngati mawonekedwe akuwonekera panthawi yomwe dera loyambira latsekedwa ndi kiyi yoyatsira. Nthawi zina, pambuyo poyesetsa kangapo, injiniyo imatha kukhala yamoyo. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, pakhoza kubwera nthawi yomwe galimotoyo siimayamba.

Pofuna kupewa izi ndikubwezeretsanso magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zingapo zowunikira ndikuchotsa kuwonongeka. Izi zidzakambidwa m’nkhani yoperekedwayo.

Kodi injini imayamba bwanji ndi choyambira

Choyambira ndi mota yamagetsi ya DC. Chifukwa cha giya galimoto, amene amayendetsa injini flywheel, amapereka crankshaft makokedwe zofunika kuyambitsa injini.

Kodi choyambitsira chimagwira ntchito bwanji ndi gudumu lowuluka, poyambitsa chopangira magetsi?

Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, poyambira, ndikofunika kuti tidziwe bwino ndi chipangizo cha injini yoyambira yokha.

Chifukwa chake, zinthu zazikuluzikulu zogwirira ntchito zoyambira ndizo:

• DC injini;
• kulandirana kwa retractor;
• kuthamangitsa clutch (bendix).

DC motor imayendetsedwa ndi batire. Voltage imachotsedwa pamayendedwe oyambira pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu za burashi za carbon-graphite.

Solenoid relay ndi njira yomwe mkati mwake muli solenoid yokhala ndi ma windings awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo akugwira, chachiwiri ndikubweza. Ndodo imakhazikika pachimake cha maginito amagetsi, mbali ina yake yomwe imagwira pa clutch yodutsa. Zolumikizira ziwiri zamphamvu zapansi pamadzi zimayikidwa pamilandu yolumikizirana.

Clutch yopitilira kapena bendix ili pa nangula wa mota yamagetsi. mfundo imeneyi ili ndi dzina lovuta kwambiri kwa woyambitsa wina wa ku America. Chipangizo cha freewheel chimapangidwa m'njira yoti injiniyo ikangoyambika, zida zake zoyendetsa zimachotsedwa pa korona wa flywheel, kukhalabe bwino komanso osavulazidwa.

Ngati zidazo zinalibe clutch yapadera, zikadakhala zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa opareshoni yayifupi. Chowonadi ndichakuti, poyambira, giya yopitilira clutch drive imatumiza mozungulira ku gudumu la injini. Injini itangoyamba, kuthamanga kwa flywheel kunakula kwambiri, ndipo giya iyenera kukumana ndi katundu wolemetsa, koma freewheel imayamba. Ndi chithandizo chake, zida za bendix zimazungulira momasuka popanda kukumana ndi katundu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiani panthawi yomwe kiyi yoyatsira imazimitsa pa "Starter"? Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakali pano kuchokera ku batri igwiritsidwe ntchito polumikizana ndi madzi pansi pa solenoid relay. Pachimake chosunthika cha solenoid, mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito, kugonjetsa kukana kwa kasupe, kumayamba kusuntha.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti ndodo yomwe imamangiriridwa pa iyo ikankhire chingwe chopitilira ku korona waku flywheel. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kukhudzana ndi mphamvu ya retractor relay kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzana kwabwino kwa galimoto yamagetsi. Zolumikizanazo zikangotseka, galimoto yamagetsi imayamba.

Geya ya bendix imasamutsa kuzungulira ku korona wa flywheel, ndipo injini imayamba kugwira ntchito. Mfungulo ikatulutsidwa, kupezeka kwaposachedwa kwa solenoid kumayima, pachimake kumabwerera kumalo ake, ndikuchotsa clutch yopitilira pagalimoto.

Chifukwa chiyani choyambitsa sichimazungulira injini, komwe mungayang'ane

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, zovuta zimayamba ndikuyamba kwake. Zimachitika, ndipo kotero, kuti samasonyeza zizindikiro za moyo konse, kapena "kutembenuka kukhala wopanda ntchito". Pankhaniyi, m`pofunika kuchita mndandanda wa miyeso matenda umalimbana kuzindikira kulephera.

Ngati chida chamagetsi chamagetsi sichimazungulira, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti:

• poyatsira loko;
• Battery;
• misa waya;
• retractor relay.

Ndikoyenera kuyambitsa diagnostics ndi kukhudzana awiri lophimba poyatsira. Nthawi zina filimu okusayidi pa kulankhula amalepheretsa ndimeyi panopa kwa sitata solenoid relay. Kuti muchotse chifukwa ichi, ndikwanira kuyang'ana zowerengera za ammeter pomwe kiyi yoyatsira imatsegulidwa. Ngati muvi ukupatuka kupita ku kukhetsa, ndiye kuti zonse zili mu dongosolo ndi loko. Apo ayi, pali chifukwa chowonetsetsa kuti ikugwira ntchito.

Makina oyambira adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mtengo waukulu wamakono umagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuza mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala mphamvu zamakina. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a ntchito yoyambira amaika zofunika zina pa batri. Iyenera kupereka mtengo wofunikira pakali pano kuti igwire bwino ntchito. Ngati mtengo wa batri sukugwirizana ndi mtengo wogwira ntchito, kuyambitsa injini kudzakhala ndi zovuta zambiri.

Zosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwa sitata zitha kulumikizidwa ndi kusowa kwa misa ndi thupi ndi injini yagalimoto. Waya wapansi uyenera kukhazikika pazitsulo zoyeretsedwa. Muyeneranso kuwonetsetsa kuti wayayo alibe. Siyenera kukhala ndi kuwonongeka kowoneka ndi foci ya sulphation pamalo omata.

Woyambitsa amadina, koma samatembenuka - zifukwa ndi njira zowonera. Kusintha koyambira kwa solenoid

Muyeneranso kuyang'ana ntchito ya solenoid relay. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha kusagwira kwake ntchito ndikudina kwapakatikati pa solenoid panthawi yotseka kulumikizana ndi chosinthira choyatsira. Kuti mukonze, muyenera kuchotsa choyambira. Koma musathamangire kuganiza. Kwa mbali zambiri, kusokonezeka kwa "retractor" kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyaka kwa gulu lolumikizana, lotchedwa "pyatakov". Chifukwa chake, choyamba, muyenera kuwongolera ma contacts.

Batire yotsika

Batire yoyipa imatha kuyambitsa choyambitsa galimoto yanu kulephera. Nthawi zambiri, imadziwonetsera m'nyengo yozizira, pamene batire imakumana ndi katundu wambiri.

Njira zodziwira matenda pankhaniyi zimachepetsedwa kukhala:

• kuyang'ana kachulukidwe ka electrolyte ya batri;
• kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa batire.

Kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito, kachulukidwe ka electrolyte ya batri kuyenera kukhala mtengo wotchulidwa. Mutha kuyang'ana kachulukidwe ndi hydrometer.

Mtengo wa sulfuric acid pagulu lapakati ndi 1,28 g/cm³. Ngati, mutatha kulipiritsa batire, kachulukidwe kake ka mtsuko umodzi adakhala wotsika ndi 0,1 g / cm.³ batire iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa.

Komanso, m`pofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kuwunika mlingo wa electrolyte mu mabanki. Kulephera kutsatira izi kungapangitse kuti kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte mu batire kumakwera kwambiri. Izi zidzatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti betri idzangolephera.

Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa batri, ingodinani lipenga lagalimoto. Ngati phokoso silikhala pansi, ndiye kuti zonse ziri mu dongosolo ndi iye. Cheke ichi chikhoza kuthandizidwa ndi foloko yonyamula katundu. Iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi ma terminals a batri, ndiyeno ikani katunduyo kwa masekondi 5 - 6. Ngati "kutsitsa" kwa voteji sikofunikira - mpaka 10,2 V, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa. Ngati ili pansi pa mtengo wotchulidwa, ndiye kuti batire imatengedwa kuti ndi yopanda pake.

Kusokonekera mumayendedwe amagetsi oyambira

Woyambitsa amatanthauza zida zamagetsi zagalimoto. Pali nthawi zambiri pamene zosokoneza mu ntchito yake zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuwonongeka kwa dera lolamulira la chipangizo ichi.

Kuti muzindikire kulephera kwamtunduwu, muyenera:

• onetsetsani kuti palibe kuwonongeka kwa waya wamagetsi;
• fufuzani kachitidwe kakulumikizana;
• onetsetsani kuti fuse ndi yabwino.

Kuti muzindikire mavuto omwe aperekedwa, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter. Mwachitsanzo, kuti muwunikire dera lonse lamagetsi oyambira, ndikofunikira kuyimba mawaya onse olumikizira kuti mupume. Kuti muchite izi, choyesacho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa ku ohmmeter mode.

Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa okhudzana ndi choyatsira choyatsira ndi retractor relay. Pali nthawi pamene kasupe wobwerera, chifukwa cha kuvala, salola kuti ogwirizana agwire bwino.

Ngati kudina kwa retractor relay kutsatiridwa, pali kuthekera kowotcha ma kulumikizana amphamvu. Kuti mutsimikizire izi, ndikwanira kutseka chomaliza chabwino cha "retractor" ndi cholumikizira cha stator chomangira chamagetsi amagetsi a chipangizocho. Ngati choyambira chikuyamba, vuto ndi kutsika kwapakali pano kwa omwe akulumikizana.

Mavuto oyambira

Mavuto ndi choyambira amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwamakina pazinthu zake zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuwonongeka kwa zida zake zamagetsi.

Kuwonongeka kwamakina kumaphatikizapo:

• kuwonongeka kwa freewheel;
• kupanikizana kwa lever freewheel drive;
• kuchuluka kwa zida zankhondo zamagalimoto amagetsi.

Zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa kutsetsereka kwa clutch yopitilira muyeso zimawonetsedwa kuti fungulo likatembenuzidwira ku malo "oyambira", injini yamagetsi yokha ya unit imayamba, ndipo bendix imakana kukhudzana ndi korona wa flywheel.

Kuthetsa vutoli sikungachite popanda kuchotsa chipangizocho ndikukonzanso clutch yowonjezereka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti pogwira ntchito, zigawo zake zimangoipitsidwa. Choncho, nthawi zina kubwezeretsa ntchito yake, ndi zokwanira kusamba mu mafuta.

The overrunning clutch lever imakhalanso ndi mavalidwe owonjezera. Zizindikiro za kulephera izi zidzakhala zofanana: injini yoyambira imazungulira, ndipo bendisk imakana kuchita nawo korona wa flywheel. Kuvala tsinde kumatha kulipidwa ndi manja okonza. Koma, ndi bwino kusintha. Izi zidzapulumutsa nthawi ndi mitsempha kwa mwiniwake.

Chombo choyambira chimazungulira mkati mwa zitsamba zamkuwa-graphite. Monga zina zilizonse zodyedwa, ma bushings amatha pakapita nthawi. Kusintha kwanthawi yake kwa zinthu zotere kumatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu, mpaka kusintha choyambira.

Pamene kuvala kwa mipando ya nangula kumawonjezeka, mwayi wokhudzana ndi ziwalo zotsekedwa ukuwonjezeka. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka ndi kutenthedwa kwa nangula wokhotakhota. Chizindikiro choyamba cha kulephera kotereku ndikuwonjezeka kwaphokoso pakuyambitsa koyambira.

Zowonongeka zamagetsi zoyambira ndi:

• kuzungulira kuzungulira;
• kuchuluka kwa otolera kuvala;
• kuvala / kumasula maburashi;
• kusweka kwa mawaya pokhotakhota.

Ngati kutchinjiriza kwa zinthu zoyambira zoyambira kusweka, kumataya magwiridwe ake. Kutembenuka kwafupikitsa kuzungulira kapena kusweka kwa mafunde a stator, monga lamulo, sikungochitika zokha. Kuwonongeka kotereku kumatha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magawo oyambira oyambira.

Chigawo chosonkhanitsa burashi chimayenera kusamala kwambiri. Mukamagwira ntchito mosalekeza, zolumikizira za carbon-graphite zimawonongeka kwambiri. Kusintha kwawo mosayembekezereka kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mbale zosonkhanitsa. Kuti muwone momwe maburashi amagwirira ntchito, nthawi zambiri ndikofunikira kutulutsa choyambira.

Sizingakhale zosayenera kunena kuti amisiri ena, omwe ali ndi "luntha lopambana", amasintha maburashi amtundu wa graphite kukhala ma analogue amkuwa a graphite, kutchula kukana kwa mkuwa kwamphamvu. Zotsatira za kusinthika koteroko sizidzachedwa kubwera. Pasanathe sabata, wosonkhanitsa adzataya ntchito yake kwamuyaya.

Solenoid relay

Zowonongeka zonse pakugwiritsa ntchito solenoid relay zitha kugawidwa m'magulu anayi:

• kuvala kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito;
• kutentha kwa zinthu zolumikizana;
• kuwonongeka kwa makina pa mfundo za munthu;
• kuphwanya umphumphu wa maginito maginito maginito.

Maburashi

Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi, gulu la osonkhanitsa burashi la choyambira limafunikira kuwunika mwadongosolo komanso kukonza munthawi yake, zomwe zimaphatikizapo izi:

• kusintha kwanthawi yake maburashi;
• kuyang'ana msonkhano wosonkhanitsa kuti azindikire kuwotcha ndi kuipitsidwa;
• kupereka mphamvu yokhotakhota yofunikira ya zinthu zomwe zikusonkhanitsidwa pano.

Kuyang'ana momwe maburashi amagwiritsidwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito nyali yosavuta ya 12 V. Mbali imodzi ya babu iyenera kukanikizidwa ndi chotengera burashi, ndipo mbali inayo iyenera kumangirizidwa pansi. Ngati kuwala kwazimitsidwa, maburashi ali bwino. Nyali yowunikira imatulutsa kuwala - maburashi "atha".

 Kupiringa

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, choyambira choyambira chokha sichilephera. Mavuto nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa cha kuvala kwamakina kwa magawo amodzi.

Komabe, kuti muwonetsetse kukhulupirika kwake, pakagwa vuto, ndikwanira kuyang'ana ndi ohmmeter wamba. Mbali imodzi ya chipangizocho ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo okhotakhota, ndipo ina pansi. Muvi umapatuka - kukhulupirika kwa waya kwasweka. Muvi wakhazikika pamalopo - palibe chifukwa chodera nkhawa.

Zowonongeka zoyambira, ngati sitipatula zolakwika za fakitale, nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha ntchito yake yolakwika kapena kukonza kosayenera. Kusinthitsa zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yake, kusamala, komanso kutsata miyezo ya ntchito ya fakitale kudzakulitsa moyo wake wautumiki ndikupulumutsa eni ake ku ndalama zosafunikira komanso kugwedezeka kwamanjenje.