Chifukwa chiyani galimoto imayima poyenda, ndiye imayamba ndikupitirira

Ngati galimoto imayima pakuyenda, ndiye kuti imayamba, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwa makina oyaka moto kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzana koyipa, komwe kumatha nthawi ndi nthawi, pomwe zinthu zonse zazikulu za dongosololi zikugwira ntchito. Kuti muwone makina oyatsira, injini ikangoyima zokha, yesani kuyiyambitsa kwa masekondi 20-30, ndikuyambitsa injini mwachizolowezi.

Dalaivala aliyense wodziwa nthawi ina anakumana ndi vuto limene galimoto imayima paulendo, kenako imayamba, ndipo izi sizinachitike ndi galimoto yake. Choncho, ndikofunika kuti mwini galimoto aliyense amvetse chifukwa chake izi zimachitika komanso zoyenera kuchita pazochitika zoterezi.

Momwe injini ndi mafuta zimagwirira ntchito

Kuti mumvetse khalidwe lachilendo la galimotoyo, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe galimoto yake imagwirira ntchito. Mosasamala mtundu wamafuta, mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala yofanana nthawi zonse - kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya kumayaka m'masilinda, kumapangitsa kuthamanga kwambiri chifukwa chotulutsa zinthu zoyaka. Kuthamanga kowonjezereka kumeneku kumakankhira pisitoni kulowera ku crankshaft, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti yomalizayo izizungulira komwe ikufunika. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosasinthasintha kwa masilindala onse, komanso kulemera kolemera kwa crankshaft ndi flywheel, kuonetsetsa kuti galimotoyo ikuyenda bwino. Tidasanthula nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane apa (magalimoto amagalimoto osagwira ntchito komanso kuthamanga pang'ono).

Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa injini poyendetsa galimoto

Galimoto yamagalimoto ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri, lomwe ntchito yake imatsimikiziridwa ndi machitidwe ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kuyimitsidwa kwadzidzidzi pafupifupi nthawi zonse ndi kulephera kapena kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa zida zowonjezera. Kupatula apo, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwononga magawo a injini yokha, ndipo izi zikachitika, ntchito yake imasokonekera kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, chifukwa chomwe galimoto imayimilira popita ndikuyendetsa kolakwika kwa zida zowonjezera kapena zolakwika zoyendetsa.

Kutha kwa mafuta

Woyendetsa bwino kapena woyendetsa bwino amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu thanki, kotero kuti mafuta amatha kutha chifukwa cha mphamvu majeure, ndiye kuti, kukakamiza majeure. Mwachitsanzo, atalowa mumsewu wapamsewu m'nyengo yozizira chifukwa cha ngozi pamsewu waukulu, dalaivala amakakamizika kutenthetsa mkati chifukwa cha ntchito ya injini. Ngati chifukwa choyimitsa kusunthako chikuchotsedwa mwamsanga, ndiye kuti padzakhala mafuta okwanira kuti apite kumalo oyandikana nawo mafuta. Komabe, pamene, pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, sizingatheke kuchotsa msewu mwamsanga, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kudzawonjezeka kwambiri ndipo mwina sikungakhale kokwanira musanayambe kuwonjezera mafuta.

Chizindikiro chamafuta m'galimoto

Madalaivala osadziwa nthawi zambiri amayiwala kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'galimoto, motero amatha kukhala pamalo osayembekezeka. Ndi bwino ngati izi zichitika pafupi ndi malo opangira mafuta kapena msewu wodutsa anthu ambiri, komwe mungapemphe thandizo kwa anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito msewu. Zimakhala zoipitsitsa ngati mafuta kapena mafuta ena amatha kutali ndi komwe kumakhala anthu.

Ubwino wokha pazifukwa izi ndikuti mutatha kuwonjezera mafuta, ndikwanira kupopera mafuta (pa magalimoto amakono izi zimangochitika zokha, koma akale muyenera kupopera mafuta pamanja) ndipo mutha kupitiliza kuyendetsa.

Kuti mupewe zinthu zomwe galimoto imayimilira paulendo chifukwa chosowa mafuta, nyamulani mafuta a petulo kapena dizilo, ndiye kuti mutha kuwonjezera galimoto nokha ndikupitiliza ulendo wanu.

Pampu yamafuta yasweka

Pampu yamafuta imapereka mafuta ku carburetor kapena injectors, kotero ikasweka, injini imayima. Pali mitundu iwiri ya mapampu otere:

• makina;
• zamagetsi.

Carburetor ndi magalimoto adizilo akale kwambiri anali ndi makina, ndipo poyamba ankagwira ntchito kuchokera camshaft ya yamphamvu mutu (yamphamvu mutu), ndipo chachiwiri kuchokera pagalimoto osiyana kulumikiza unit ndi crankshaft pulley. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mapangidwe, zifukwa zolephera zinalinso zosiyana.

Chiwonetsero cha ntchito ya pampu yamafuta

Pa mapampu a injini ya carburetor, zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa mayunitsi zinali:

• valavu yotsekera;
• nembanemba yowonongeka;
• katundu wakale.

Kwa mapampu a injini ya dizilo, zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwambiri zinali:

• plunger pair yovala;
• lamba wotambasula kapena wothyoka.

Pamapampu amafuta amagetsi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyimitsidwa ndi:

• oxidized kapena zonyansa kukhudzana;
• mavuto a waya kapena relay;
• mafunde owonongeka.

M'munda, ndizovuta kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kulephera kwa gawoli, koma pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zikuwonetsa zolakwika zina. Ngati galimoto yokhala ndi jekeseni wa injini ya jekeseni imayenda, imayamba ndikuyendetsa, ndiye kuti chifukwa chake chimakhala chonyansa / chokokedwa ndi oxidized, komanso mawaya kapena ma relay, chifukwa chomwe mpope sichilandira mphamvu zokwanira komanso zamakono. kugwira ntchito. Ngati galimotoyo ili ndi injini ya carburetor ndipo sichimayendetsa liwiro, koma carburetor ili bwino, ndiye kuti mutha kudziwa vuto ndi dipstick ya mafuta - ngati inunkhiza mafuta, nembanemba imang'ambika. ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti tsinde latha kapena valavu imamira.

Wopanda mafuta mpope

Kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa pampu yamafuta pamagalimoto okhala ndi jekeseni kapena injini za dizilo kumatanthauza kuti sizingatheke kusuntha, komabe, eni magalimoto a carburetor amatha kupitiliza ulendowo ngakhale osasintha unit. Izi zidzafuna chidebe chaching'ono chosamva mafuta ndi payipi yamafuta. Ngati ndinu mwiniwake wa galimoto ya carburetor ndikupeza kuti muli mumkhalidwe wotere, ndiye chitani motere:

• kuthira mafuta mu thanki mu chidebe chosamva mafuta;
• khazikitsani kuti ikhale yokwera pang'ono kuposa carburetor;
• tulutsani payipi yoperekera ku mpope ndikulumikiza ku chidebe ichi;
• chotsani payipi yobwerera ku payipi ndikuyiyika ndi bawuti kapena mwanjira ina iliyonse yabwino komanso yodalirika.

Kuthirira kulikonse kwa chidebe ndi petulo kuchokera ku thanki kumakupatsani mwayi woyenda makilomita mazana angapo kapena makilomita, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chidebecho. Njira yoyendetserayi ndiyovuta, koma mutha kukafika kumalo ogulitsira magalimoto kapena ntchito zamagalimoto nokha.

Zosefera zamafuta zotsekeka kapena mzere wamafuta wa kinked

Ngati, poyendetsa kukwera kapena kunyamula katundu, liwiro limatsika ndipo galimotoyo imatsika, ndiyeno imayamba ndikupitirira popanda mavuto kwa nthawi ndithu, ndiye chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri ndi fyuluta yotsekedwa kapena mzere wofinya. Pa carbureted ndi magalimoto akale jakisoni sizovuta kuthetsa izi, chifukwa fyuluta ili mu chipinda cha injini kapena pansi, ndipo m'malo mwake mudzafunika screwdriver kapena ma wrenches.

Kusintha fyuluta pa galimoto ndi carburetor, chitani motere:

• masulani zingwe kumbali zonse ziwiri za mbali yolakwika;
• kumbukirani njira ya muvi yosonyeza kuyenda koyenera kwa mafuta;
• chotsani mapaipi kunsonga za gawolo;
• khazikitsani fyuluta yatsopano;
• yambitsani pampu yamafuta kuti mudzaze fyuluta ndi carburetor.

Zosefera mafuta otsekeka

Kuti mulowetse chinthu chosefera pamakina a jakisoni, chitani motere:

• ikani galimoto mu ndale ndi handbrake;
• kulumikiza potengera mafuta;
• kuyambitsa injini;
• dikirani mpaka itayima, mutakonza mafuta onse, izi ndizofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa mzere ndi mtunda;
• kwezani kumbuyo kwa galimoto ndi jack (izi ndizofunikira ngati fyuluta ili pansi);
• konzani thupi ndi zothandizira, ngati palibe, chotsani gudumu kumbali yokwezeka, ndikuchotsanso gudumu lopuma pa thunthu ndikuwayika pansi pa thupi, ngati pazifukwa zina palibe gudumu lopuma, ndiye ikani gudumu lakumbuyo. pansi pa brake disc kapena ng'oma;
• ikani mphasa;
• kulowa pansi pa galimoto;
• masulani mtedza wa fyuluta ndi ma wrenches, ngati atakhazikika ndi zingwe, ndiye amasuleni ndi screwdriver;
• chotsani fyuluta yakale ndikuyika fyuluta yatsopano;
• kumangitsa mtedza kapena clamps;
• kukhazikitsanso gudumu;
• chotsa galimoto paja.

Kumbukirani: fyuluta imatsekeka pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, atapeza zizindikiro zoyamba kapena kufika mtunda anakonza (5-15 Km, malinga ndi khalidwe la mafuta ndi mmene thanki), m'malo mu garaja kapena kulankhulana ndi utumiki galimoto.

Njira yopangira mafuta

Ngati m'malo fyuluta sikunathandize, galimoto akadali khola pa ulendo ndi kuyamba pakapita nthawi, ndiye kuti mafuta mzere (mkuwa, aluminiyamu kapena zitsulo chubu kudutsa pansi pa galimoto) mwina kuwonongeka. Ngati muli ndi dzenje kapena kukweza, komanso chingwe chowonjezera chokhala ndi nyali yowala, ndiye kuti mutha kupeza chubu yowonongeka nokha. Ngati mulibe zida izi, komanso kusintha mzere, funsani oyendetsa galimoto.

Kumbukirani, chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mzere wamafuta ndikuyendetsa mwachangu m'malo ovuta, pomwe pansi pagalimoto imatha kugunda mwala waukulu. Izi zikachitika, yang'anani galimotoyo, ngakhale palibe zizindikiro za deformation ya mzere.

Mawaya olakwika

Vuto loterolo limadziwonetsera motere - galimotoyo imazimitsa mwadzidzidzi ndipo sichimayankha chilichonse, kuphatikiza kutembenuza kiyi yoyatsira kapena kuwongolera makiyi a alamu, ndipo ngakhale chida sichiyatsa. Patapita nthawi, makinawo amakhala ndi moyo okha ndipo amagwira ntchito bwinobwino mpaka kutsekedwa kwina. Ngati izi zidakuchitikirani, muyenera kudziwa kuti pa waya wagalimoto, cholakwika chobisika chawonekera, chomwe chimangowoneka pazikhalidwe zina zomwe mwina simukuzidziwa.

Magetsi agalimoto

M'makina a carburetor, mawayawo anali osavuta, ndipo anali ndi midadada yocheperako ndi machitidwe, komabe, mawonekedwe a injini za jakisoni ndi maziko atsopano adayambitsa vuto lalikulu la gawo lamagetsi lagalimoto. Machitidwe atsopano anawonekera, ndipo omwe analipo anayamba kugwira ntchito zachilendo poyamba. Chinthu chimodzi chimagwirizanitsa machitidwe onsewa - amayendetsedwa ndi batri (batire) ndi jenereta. Nawa zolakwika zodziwika bwino zama waya zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimoto iyimitse poyenda ndikuyambitsa:

• zoipa "dziko";
• kukhudzana kosauka kwa ma terminals ndi miyendo ya batri;
• waya wowonongeka;
• gulu lolumikizana la chosinthira choyatsira lawonongeka;
• mphamvu yamagetsi siiperekedwa kuchokera ku jenereta;
• zolumikizana ndi chipika chokwera kapena gawo lowongolera injini yamagetsi (ECU) zawonongeka.

Zolakwika zonsezi zimakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana - zimawonekera mosayembekezereka, kenako zimatha. Izi ndichifukwa choti ngakhale oxidized terminal kukhudzana kapena wosweka chingwe pachimake kufalitsa magetsi, koma ngati zinthu zina zikachitika, madutsidwe awo amasokonekera, ndipo palibe dongosolo galimoto akhoza kugwira ntchito popanda magetsi. Komanso, vuto lomwe limayambitsa kuoneka kwa vuto lotereli likhoza kukhala chilichonse kuyambira kutentha kwina mpaka kugwedezeka kapena kuwonjezereka kwamagetsi.

Kupeza vuto kumafuna chidziwitso chakuya m'munda wamagetsi amagetsi ndi zochitika zambiri pochita ntchito yotereyi, komanso zida zosiyanasiyana, choncho tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulumikizane ndi malo abwino okonzera magalimoto kumene kuli katswiri wamagetsi ndi diagnostician.

Battery terminal

Kupatulapo ndi kukhudzana kosauka komatira ndi miyendo ya batri, pamenepa ndikwanira kumangitsa mtedza, koma ngati miyendo yaphimbidwa ndi zokutira zoyera, ndiye kuti yeretsani zonsezo ndi sandpaper.

Dongosolo loyatsira lolakwika

Ngakhale kuti dongosolo poyatsira ndi mbali ya zida zamagetsi galimoto, ndi "ufumu" osiyana, chifukwa amadyetsedwa kudzera mawaya osati otsika (12 volts) kapena chizindikiro, komanso mkulu (makumi kilovolts) voteji. . Kuonjezera apo, dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa kwambiri kuposa zoyambira kapena zowunikira, komanso zimatha kugwira ntchito ngakhale jenereta sikuyenda ndipo batire ili pafupi kufa.

Njira yoyatsira galimoto

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito makina oyaka jekeseni ndi makina a carburetor ndi ofanana - pa chizindikiro cha sensa (mosasamala mtundu wake), phokoso lochepa lamagetsi limapangidwa, lomwe limadyetsedwa kudzera mu mawaya kupita ku coil yoyatsira. Pambuyo podutsa pa koyilo, mphamvu ya pulse imawonjezeka kambirimbiri ndi dontho lomwelo lamakono, ndiye, kupyolera mu mawaya othamanga kwambiri, phokosoli limafika pa spark plug ndikuswa mpweya wochepa kwambiri pakati pa ma electrode, ndikupanga phokoso. Magalimoto a dizilo amalandidwa dongosolo ili, chifukwa mafuta omwe ali mkati mwake amawotcha mpweya wotentha chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwambiri.

Ngati galimoto imayima pakuyenda, ndiye kuti imayamba, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwa makina oyaka moto kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhudzana koyipa, komwe kumatha nthawi ndi nthawi, pomwe zinthu zonse zazikulu za dongosololi zikugwira ntchito. Kuti muwone makina oyatsira, injini ikangoyima zokha, yesani kuyiyambitsa kwa masekondi 20-30, ndikuyambitsa injini mwachizolowezi. Ngakhale zitayamba, zimitsani nthawi yomweyo ndikumasula makandulo - ngati imodzi yanyowa, ndiye kuti vuto limakhala pamagetsi oyaka.

Yamitsani pulagi ndi mpweya woponderezedwa, kapena m'malo mwake ndi ina, kenaka piritsani mu injini ndikuyambitsa injini, ndikuyitseka pakatha mphindi imodzi. Ngati ma spark plugs onse ali owuma, ndiye kuti cholakwika chadzidzidzi mu dongosolo loyatsira chimatsimikiziridwa.

Kuthetheka pulagi

Kuti mupeze chifukwa cha khalidwe ili la dongosolo loyatsira, fufuzani mosamala mawaya onse ndi mauthenga okhudzana ndi izo, mwinamwake waya wina wathyoka ndipo, nthawi ndi nthawi, amasiya kutumiza magetsi. Ndikothekanso kuyika mawaya ang'onoang'ono (okhala ndi zotchingira zotha kapena zowonongeka) pansi kapena mawaya ena. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha chilema choterocho ndi oxidized kapena zauve terminal, amene sadutsa magetsi magetsi bwino, kotero kuchotsa dothi kapena dzimbiri kwa iwo ndi kukhudzana zotsukira.

Ngati sikunali kotheka kukonza vutolo nokha, galimotoyo idakalipobe popita, ndiye imayamba ndikuyendetsa, ndipo zifukwa za khalidweli sizinakhazikitsidwe, funsani katswiri wamagetsi kuti ayang'ane bwinobwino dongosolo loyatsira.

Air-mafuta osakaniza osakaniza dongosolo dongosolo kusagwira ntchito

Kuchita bwino kwa injini kumatheka kokha pamene chiŵerengero cha mafuta ndi mpweya wolowa m'masilinda chikufanana ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi ndi katundu wake. Kupatuka kwamphamvu kwambiri kuchokera pamlingo woyenera, ndipo kumbali iliyonse, injiniyo imagwira ntchito moyipitsitsa, mpaka:

• ntchito yosakhazikika;
• kugwedezeka kwamphamvu;
• Imani.

Mosasamala kanthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusakaniza kolakwika kwa mpweya-mafuta, zotsatira zake zimakhala zofanana nthawi zonse. Galimoto imayimitsa popita, ndiye imayamba ndikupitirira, ndipo chifukwa chake ndi gawo laling'ono la osakaniza, chifukwa chomwe injini sichimabala mphamvu zoyembekezeredwa ndi zogulitsa ngakhale katundu wochepa.

Carburetor

Mu injini za carburetor, chiŵerengero cha mafuta ndi mafuta osakaniza chimadalira ma jets omwe anaikidwa, kotero kusintha kwakukulu kwa parameter iyi popanda kusokoneza carburetor sikuperekedwa. Komabe, ngakhale pamagalimoto oterowo, pali nthawi zina pamene galimoto imayima ndipo sasunga liwiro, ngakhale kuti palibe amene wasintha jets carburetor.

Momwe carburetor imagwirira ntchito

Nazi zifukwa zazikulu za khalidweli:

• kutayikira kwa mpweya sikuperekedwa ndi kapangidwe;
• zonyansa mpweya fyuluta;
• kutseka kwa ndege;
• mafuta olakwika mu chipinda choyandama.

Zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira kwa mpweya ndizo:

• kusinthika kwa carburetor yekha;
• kumasula mtedza woteteza carburetor;
• kutentha kwa gaskets carburetor;
• kuwonongeka kwa payipi, adapter, valve kapena nembanemba ya vacuum brake booster (VUT).

Sizovuta kudziwa kutayikira kwa mpweya - kusakhazikika, mpaka kuyimitsidwa, liwiro lopanda pake limalankhula za izo, zomwe ngakhale zitatuluka pambuyo potulutsa chogwirizira. Kuthetsa kuyamwa, ndikokwanira:

• m'malo mwa carburetor gaskets (timalimbikitsa kuchita izi ngakhale akale akuwoneka bwino);
• limbitsani mtedza ndi mphamvu zomwe zafotokozedwa m'bukuli (nthawi zambiri 1,3-1,6 kgf•m);
• sinthani payipi yowonongeka;
• kukonza VUT.

Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zifukwa zingapo zotulutsa mpweya nthawi imodzi, choncho fufuzani mosamala zinthu zonse za dongosolo, ngakhale mutapeza kale chinachake.

Kuti mudziwe mkhalidwe wa fyuluta ya mpweya, chotsani chivundikirocho ndikuchiyang'ana, ngati sichili choyera kapena chachikasu, m'malo mwake. Kuwona kabureta kwa malfunctions ena, komanso kuwathetsa, funsani wodziwa minder, fueler kapena carburetor.

Nyumba zosefera mpweya

Mudzapeza zambiri za kuwonongeka kwa injini za carburetor ndi zifukwa zomwe zimakhalira pano (chifukwa chiyani makina a carburetor amasiya).

Jekeseni

Mapangidwe osakaniza ndi chiŵerengero choyenera cha mafuta ndi mpweya zimatengera ntchito yoyenera ya:

• masensa onse;
• ECU;
• pampu yamafuta ndi valavu yowongolera njanji;
• njira yogawa gasi;
• machitidwe poyatsira;
• ogwira atomization mafuta ndi nozzles.

Ambiri mwa magalimotowa amasankha ntchito yolakwika ya chinthu chilichonse kapena dongosolo, pambuyo pake chizindikiro chosagwira ntchito chimayatsa, chomwe chimatchedwa "cheke" (kuchokera ku Chingerezi "Check injini").

Chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka kwa injini

Komabe, kuti mudziwe zolondola, muyenera scanner (laputopu ndi mapulogalamu oyenera ndi adaputala chingwe ndi oyenera) ndi zinachitikira, choncho Mpofunika kulankhula ndi katswiri diagnostics kompyuta.

Kuwonongeka kwamakina kwa injini

Kuwonongeka kwamakina kapena kuwonongeka kwa gawo lamagetsi kumaphatikizapo:

• kuchotsedwa kwa valve kolakwika;
• kulumpha lamba wa nthawi kapena unyolo wa nthawi;
• kutsika pang'ono.

Kutuluka kwa valve kolakwika

Pambuyo poyambitsa injini, ma valve, monga zina zonse za makina ogawa gasi, amawotcha pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamene kutentha kumakwera, kukula kwake kwa thupi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtunda pakati pa tappet ya valve ndi camshaft cam umachepetsa. . Kusiyana pakati pa kamera ndi pusher kumatchedwa chilolezo cha valve ndipo kuti mugwiritse ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi, kukula kwa kusiyana kumeneku kuyenera kusungidwa ndi kulondola kwa mazana asanu a millimeter.

Kuwonjezeka kwake kudzatsogolera kutsegulidwa kosakwanira kwa ma valve, ndiko kuti, ma cylinders adzadzazidwa ndi mpweya wochepa kapena kusakaniza, ndipo kuchepa kwake kudzatsogolera kutseka kosakwanira kwa ma valve pambuyo pa kutentha kwa injini. Pankhaniyi, psinjika osati kutsika, koma gawo la osakaniza lidzawotcha mkati mwa mutu wa silinda, zomwe zidzatsogolera kutenthedwa ndi kuwonongeka mwamsanga kwa injini.

Ma valve a injini

Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limapezeka pa injini zama carbureted ndi ma jakisoni omwe alibe zonyamula ma hydraulic. Zizindikiro zazikulu za chilolezo cholakwika ndi:

• kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya injini;
• Kutentha kwamphamvu kwa gawo lamagetsi;
• kusakhazikika, mpaka kuyima.

Kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa mtengo woopsa sikuchitika mofulumira (masauzande angapo, kapena makilomita zikwi makumi), kotero palibe chifukwa chokonzekera vutoli panjira, ndikwanira kuyang'anira makina ndikusintha kapena kukonza valavu. makina mu nthawi.

Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kusiyana kumatheka kokha chifukwa cha kukonzanso kosayenera kwa mutu wa silinda kapena kusintha kwa makina a valve, kuti athetse vutoli, funsani munthu aliyense wodziwa bwino minder kapena auto mechanic.

Kudumpha lamba wanthawi kapena unyolo wanthawi

Nthawi imapangidwa ndi awiri kapena kuposerapo (malingana ndi mtundu ndi mapangidwe a injini) shafts, imodzi mwa iyo (crankshaft) imalumikizidwa kudzera mu ndodo zolumikizira ku pistoni zonse, ndipo zina zonse (kugawa) zimayendetsa makina a valve. Chifukwa cha magiya ndi lamba kapena unyolo, kuzungulira kwa ma shafts onse kumalumikizidwa ndipo crankshaft imapanga zosinthika ziwiri ndendende pakusinthira kumodzi kwa camshaft. Makamera a Camshaft amayikidwa kuti ma valve atsegule ndi kutseka pamene ma pistoni ofanana afika pa mfundo zina. Chifukwa chake, kuzungulira kwa gasi kumachitika.

Ngati lamba / unyolo sunakhazikike mokwanira (kuphatikiza kutambasula), kapena mafuta akuyenda pansi pa zisindikizo za shaft, ndiye mukanikizira mwamphamvu gasi kapena mabuleki adzidzidzi, amatha kulumpha mano amodzi kapena angapo, omwe angasokoneze kugawa konse kwa gasi. kuzungulira. Zotsatira zake, injiniyo imataya mphamvu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhazikika pamayendedwe opanda pake kapena otsika. Chotsatira china chosasangalatsa kwambiri chodumphira chandamale kapena kutsinde kumatha kukhala kupindika kwa mavavu, izi ndichifukwa choti amatsegula nthawi yolakwika ndikugwera mu silinda yokwera.

Ma valve opindika

Ngati ma valve sakupindika, ndiye kuti ndikwanira kukhazikitsa lamba kapena unyolo molondola (ngati asinthidwa posachedwapa) kapena kuyika zatsopano, komanso fufuzani ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, kukonzanso msonkhano wovuta. Kupewa kulumpha:

• kuyang'anira chikhalidwe cha lamba ndi unyolo, kuwasintha pang'ono kale kuposa momwe amafunira ndi malamulo;
• fufuzani ndi kukonza panthawi yake dongosolo lamanjenje;
• yang'anani momwe zisindikizo za shafts zonse zilili ndikuzisintha ngakhale zitakhala zotayikira pang'ono.

Chitani macheke awa nthawi iliyonse galimoto yanu ikuyendetsedwa, kaya ndikusintha mafuta kapena kukonza komwe mwakonzekera.

Kuponderezana kochepa

Kupanikizika - ndiko kuti, kuthamanga kwa chipinda choyaka moto pamene pisitoni ifika pamwamba pakufa - zimatengera magawo ambiri, koma chinthu chachikulu ndi momwe injini ilili. M'munsi kukanikizana, kumapangitsa kuti galimotoyo igwire ntchito kwambiri, mpaka kukagwira ntchito kosakhazikika kapena kuyimitsidwa modzidzimutsa. Zomwe zimayambitsa kutsika kwapansi ndizo:

• kutentha kwa ma valve kapena pistoni;
• kuvala kapena kuwonongeka kwa mphete za pistoni;
• kuwonongeka kwa mutu wamphamvu wamutu;
• kumasula mabawuti akumutu kwa silinda.

Compressometer

Njira yokhayo yodziwira kupsinjika kotsika ndikuyezera ndi choyezera chowongolera, komanso zovomerezeka zosachepera zomwe injini imagwirabe ntchito nthawi zambiri zimadalira mtundu wamafuta omwe injini iyenera kuyendetsa:

• AI-76 8 atm;
• AI-92 10 atm;
• AI-95 12 atm;
• AI-98 13 atm;
• mafuta a dizilo 25 atm.

Kumbukirani: ichi ndi gawo lotsika la psinjika, pambuyo pake kugwira ntchito mokhazikika kwa injini kumasokonekera, koma kuti chipangizocho chizigwira bwino ntchito, zizindikiro ziyenera kukhala 2-5 mayunitsi apamwamba. Kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kupanikizika pang'ono kumafuna chidziwitso chozama komanso chidziwitso chochuluka, choncho tikukulimbikitsani kuti mulumikizane ndi minder kapena makanika omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino yodziwira matenda.

Zolakwika zoyendetsa

Ngati galimotoyo ikugwira ntchito mokwanira, koma galimotoyo imakhalabe pamtunda, ziribe kanthu ngati ndi injini ya dizilo kapena petulo, zifukwa zimakhala zogwirizana ndi khalidwe la dalaivala. Kuchita bwino kwagalimoto yamagalimoto kumatengera kuthamanga, kuthamanga kwambiri kumatheka pakati pa nsonga za torque ndi mphamvu (pafupifupi 3,5-5 rpm pamafuta ndi 2-4 zikwi za injini za dizilo). Ngati galimotoyo ikupita kumtunda, ndipo ngakhale yodzaza, ndipo dalaivala wasankha zida zolakwika, chifukwa chomwe kusintha kuli pansi pabwino, ndiye kuti pali mwayi waukulu kuti injiniyo idzayima, osakhoza kupirira katunduyo.

Kuthamanga koyenera kwa injini

Chifukwa china ndi ntchito yolakwika ya gasi ndi ma clutch pedals poyambira kuyenda, ngati dalaivala sakukakamiza mpweya wokwanira, koma nthawi yomweyo amamasula zowawa mwadzidzidzi, mphamvu yamagetsi idzayima.

Eni magalimoto ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kufala zodziwikiratu amamasuka ndi vuto ili, koma sangathe paokha kutenga zida m'munsi kuthandiza injini pansi katundu wolemera. Ndipotu, ntchito kickdown pa transmissions ambiri sagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo kuthekera pamanja kusuntha zida palibe pa kufala aliyense basi, ndiye kuti, kufala basi.

Momwe mungapewere mikhalidwe yotere

Kuti galimoto isakugwetseni pansi, kumbukirani lamulo lalikulu - ngati dalaivala akuyendetsa galimoto molondola, galimotoyo imagwera paulendo chifukwa cha vuto linalake lomwe linawonekera kale, koma pazifukwa zina sizinadziwonetsere. Chifukwa chake, musanyalanyaze kukonza komanso pachizindikiro choyamba cha vuto, zindikirani nthawi yomweyo ndikukonza vutolo. Ngati simungathe kudziwerengera nokha chifukwa chomwe galimoto imayimilira paulendo, funsani oyendetsa galimoto omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino, adzazindikira mwamsanga chifukwa chake ndikukonza zofunikira.

Kuphatikiza apo, tikupangira kuti muwerenge mosamala nkhani zotsatirazi:

Werenganinso: Momwe mungayikitsire mpope wowonjezera pa chitofu chagalimoto, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira

• galimoto imakhala yotentha ikatentha;
• Galimoto imayamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayima pakazizira - zingakhale zifukwa zotani;
• Chifukwa chiyani magalimoto amanjenjemera, troit ndi malo ogulitsira - zomwe zimafala kwambiri;
• Mukakanikiza chopondapo cha gasi, galimoto yokhala ndi jekeseni wa jekeseni - zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi ziti.

M'menemo mudzapeza zambiri zothandiza ndi malingaliro omwe angakuthandizeni kuyendetsa galimoto yanu moyenera komanso motetezeka.

Pomaliza

Kuyimitsidwa kwadzidzidzi kwa injini yamakina mukuyendetsa ndikowopsa ndipo kungayambitse ngozi. Kuti mupewe chitukuko cha zochitika zotere, yang'anani mosamala zaukadaulo wagalimoto yanu ndikuphunzira kuyendetsa bwino. Ngati vutoli layamba kale, yesani kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa, ndiyeno konzekerani zofunika.

Ngati imayima poyendetsa. Kanthu kakang'ono koma kokhumudwitsa