Chifukwa chiyani injini ya dizilo ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri
Magalimoto a dizilo nthawi zambiri amagulidwa ndi pragmatists. Awa ndi anthu omwe akufuna kupulumutsa osati mochuluka pogula, koma pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali - pochepetsa mtengo wamafuta. Zinthu zina kukhala zofanana, mafuta a dizilo nthawi zonse amadya mafuta ochepa. Koma chifukwa chiyani?
Ngati titenga galimoto yomweyo ndi mafuta ndi dizilo injini ndi makhalidwe ofanana, yotsirizira nthawi zonse zimawononga malita 2-3, kapena mpaka 5 (malingana ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu) zochepa mafuta pa 100 Km. Sizokayikitsa kuti aliyense angakayikire izi (mtengo wa galimotoyo komanso ndalama zowonongera sizilingaliridwa). Iyi ndi njira yosavuta.
Kodi chinsinsi cha injini ya dizilo ndi chiyani? Kuti mumvetsetse ma nuances, muyenera kutembenukira ku kapangidwe ka injini za dizilo ndi malamulo a thermodynamics. Pali zovuta zingapo pano. Injini ya dizilo palokha imakhala ndi kayendedwe ka thermodynamic kosiyana ndi injini ya mafuta, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri mpaka momwe angayendere wazasayansi komanso womangamanga waku France Sadie Carnot. Kuchita bwino kwa injini ya dizilo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
Kuyaka kwamafuta m'masilinda a injini za dizilo sikuli chifukwa cha kutentha kwa ma spark plugs, koma chifukwa cha kukanikiza. Ngati injini zambiri za petulo psinjika chiŵerengero ndi 8,0 kuti 12,0, ndiye injini dizilo ndi kuchokera 12,0 kuti 16,0 ndipo ngakhale apamwamba. Zimatsatira kuchokera ku thermodynamics kuti kuchuluka kwa compression kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino. Masilinda samapondereza kusakaniza kwamafuta a mpweya, koma mpweya wokha. Jakisoni wamafuta amapezeka nthawi yomweyo pisitoni ikadutsa pakati pakufa - nthawi imodzi ndi kuyatsa.
Mwambiri, dizilo alibe mphutsi yamagetsi (ngakhale pali zosiyana, makamaka posachedwa). Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kutayika kwa mpweya m'miyala. Valavuyu amafunika ndi injini zamafuta ambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nthawi yogwira ntchito. Ngati valavu ya fulumizitsa yatsekedwa pang'ono, kulimbana kwina kumawonekera mu dongosolo lamagetsi. Ma injini a dizilo nthawi zambiri amakhala alibe vutoli. Kuphatikiza apo, injini iliyonse yamakono ya dizilo siyingaganizidwe popanda chopangira mphamvu chomwe chimapereka makokedwe apamwamba pafupifupi osagwira.
Pomaliza, mphamvu ya injini za dizilo imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi mphamvu yamafuta omwewo. Poyamba, imakhala ndi mphamvu yoyaka kwambiri. Mafuta a dizilo ndi ochulukirapo kuposa mafuta - pafupifupi, amapereka 15% mphamvu zambiri akawotchedwa. Dizilo, mosiyana ndi mafuta (omwe amafunikira chiŵerengero cha 11: 1 mpaka 18: 1 ndi mpweya), amayaka pafupifupi chiŵerengero chilichonse ndi mpweya. Injini ya dizilo imabaya mafuta ochulukirapo momwe amafunikira kuti athe kuthana ndi kugunda kwa gulu la silinda-pistoni, crankshaft ndi pampu yamafuta. Pochita izi, izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwamafuta osagwira ntchito ndi nthawi 2-3 poyerekeza ndi mafuta. Izi zikufotokozeranso kutentha kofooka kwa injini za dizilo panthawi yogwira ntchito. Dizilo nthawi zonse imakhala yotsika kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso torque yapamwamba.
Kodi mwini wagalimoto wa dizilo amapeza chiyani? Pafupifupi, ndi 30% kuposa ndalama kuposa mnzake wamafuta (pamafuta). Kuphatikizidwa ndi chosinthika cha geometry turbocharger ndi njanji wamba, izi zimabweretsa zotsatira zosangalatsa. Galimoto ya dizilo imathamanga kwambiri kuchokera pamagetsi otsika, kudya mafuta ochepa. Izi ndi zomwe akatswiri amalangiza anthu osakhazikika omwe amakonda kuyenda panjira. Mu ma crossovers oyendetsa magudumu onse ndi ma SUV akuluakulu, mtundu wa injini umakonda.
