Kachulukidwe mafuta mafakitale

Udindo wa Density mu Lubricant Performance

Mosasamala kanthu za kutentha kozungulira, kachulukidwe wamafuta onse amafuta amafuta amachepera kuposa kuchuluka kwa madzi. Popeza madzi ndi mafuta sizisakanikirana, ngati muli madzi mumtsuko, madontho a mafuta amayandama pamwamba.

Ndicho chifukwa chake, ngati makina opangira mafuta a galimoto yanu ali ndi vuto la chinyezi, madzi amakhazikika pansi pa sump ndi kukhetsa poyamba pamene pulagi yachotsedwa kapena valve yatsegulidwa.

Kachulukidwe mafuta mafakitale n'kofunikanso kuti zolondola mawerengedwe akugwirizana ndi mawerengedwe mamasukidwe akayendedwe. Makamaka, pomasulira ndondomeko ya viscosity yamphamvu mu kinematic density ya mafuta, iyenera kudziwika. Ndipo popeza kachulukidwe ka sing'anga iliyonse yotsika-makamaka si mtengo wokhazikika, kukhuthala kumatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi cholakwika chodziwika.

Katundu wamadzimadziwa ndi wofunikira pazinthu zingapo zopangira mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya mafuta ikachuluka, madziwo amakhala okhuthala. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yofunikira kuti ma particles akhazikike pakuyimitsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, chigawo chachikulu cha kuyimitsidwa koteroko ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta dzimbiri. Kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kumayambira 4800…5600 kg/m³, kotero kuti mafuta okhala ndi dzimbiri amakhuthala. M'matangi ndi mbiya zina zomwe zimasungidwa kwakanthawi kwamafuta, tinthu tambirimbiri timakhazikika pang'onopang'ono. M'dongosolo lililonse lomwe malamulo amakangana amagwiritsa ntchito, izi zingayambitse kulephera, popeza machitidwe otere amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kulikonse. Choncho, ngati particles ali kuyimitsidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, mavuto monga cavitation kapena dzimbiri akhoza zotsatira.

Kachulukidwe mafuta mafakitale ntchito

Kupatuka kwa kachulukidwe kogwirizana ndi kukhalapo kwa tinthu tating'ono tamafuta kumayambitsa:

1. Kuwonjezeka kwa chizolowezi cha cavitation, panthawi yoyamwa komanso mutadutsa mizere yamafuta.
2. Kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mpope mafuta.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pazigawo zosuntha za mpope.
4. Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zopopera chifukwa cha zochitika zamakina inertia.

Madzi aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono amadziwika kuti amathandizira kuwongolera bwino kuipitsidwa pothandizira kunyamula ndi kuchotsa zolimba. Popeza tinthu tating'onoting'ono timasungidwa mu kuyimitsidwa kwamakina kwa nthawi yayitali, amachotsedwa mosavuta ndi zosefera ndi machitidwe ena ochotsa tinthu, potero amathandizira kuyeretsa dongosolo.

Pamene kachulukidwe ukuwonjezeka, kukokoloka kuthekera kwa madzimadzi kumawonjezekanso. M'madera a chipwirikiti chachikulu kapena kuthamanga kwambiri, madzimadzi amatha kuyamba kuwononga mapaipi, ma valve, kapena malo ena aliwonse m'njira yake.

Kuchulukana kwamafuta amafuta akumafakitale kumakhudzidwa osati ndi tinthu tolimba, komanso zonyansa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga mpweya ndi madzi. Oxidation imakhudzanso kachulukidwe ka mafuta: ndi kuchuluka kwake, kuchuluka kwamafuta kumawonjezeka. Mwachitsanzo, kachulukidwe ka mafuta ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale I-40A kutentha kwa chipinda nthawi zambiri amakhala 920 ± 20 kg/m.³. Koma ndi kutentha kwakukulu, milingo ya kachulukidwe imasintha kwambiri. Inde, pa 40 ^°Ndi kachulukidwe mafuta amenewa ali kale 900 ± 20 kg/m²³ku ,80 ^°C -   890±20kg/m³ etc. Deta yofananira ingapezeke kuzinthu zina zamafuta - I-20A, I-30A, ndi zina zotero.

Mfundozi ziyenera kuonedwa ngati ziwonetsero, pokhapokha ngati mafuta ena amtundu womwewo, koma omwe adasefedwa ndi makina, sanawonjezedwe ku mafuta atsopano a mafakitale. Ngati mafuta anali osakanikirana (mwachitsanzo, I-20A inawonjezeredwa ku kalasi ya I-40A), ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zidzatuluka mosayembekezereka.

Kodi kukhazikitsa kachulukidwe mafuta?

Pa mzere wamafuta amakampani GOST 20799-88 kachulukidwe kamafuta katsopano kuchokera ku 880…920 kg/m³. Njira yosavuta yodziwira chizindikiro ichi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - hydrometer. Ikamizidwa mu chidebe chokhala ndi mafuta, mtengo wofunikira umatsimikiziridwa ndi sikelo. Ngati palibe hydrometer, njira yodziwira kachulukidwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri, koma osati mochuluka. Kuti muyesedwe, mufunika chubu lagalasi lopangidwa ndi U, chidebe chokhala ndi galasi lalikulu, choyezera thermometer, choyimitsa wotchi ndi gwero la kutentha. Muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Lembani chidebecho ndi madzi ndi 70 ... 80%.
2. Tenthetsani madzi kuchokera ku gwero lakunja kupita kumalo otentha, ndipo sungani kutentha kumeneku kosalekeza mu nthawi yonse yoyezetsa.
3. Miwiritsani chubu chagalasi chooneka ngati U m'madzi kuti mayendedwe onse azikhala pamwamba pamadzi.
4. Tsekani bowo limodzi pa chubu mwamphamvu.
5. Thirani mafuta kumapeto kotseguka kwa chubu lagalasi lokhala ngati U ndikuyamba choyimitsa.
6. Kutentha kwa madzi otentha kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azitenthedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mulingo womwe uli kumapeto kwa chubu ukwere.
7. Lembani nthawi yomwe imatenga kuti mafuta akwere pamlingo wokhazikika ndikugweranso pansi. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani pulagi ku gawo lotsekedwa la chubu: mlingo wa mafuta udzayamba kuchepa.
8. Khazikitsani liwiro la kayendetsedwe ka mafuta: m'munsi mwake, ndipamwamba kwambiri.

Zomwe zimayesedwa zimafaniziridwa ndi kachulukidwe ka mafuta oyeretsedwa, zomwe zidzakuthandizani kuti mudziwe bwino kusiyana pakati pa kachulukidwe weniweni ndi wokhazikika, ndikupeza zotsatira zomaliza molingana. Zotsatira zoyeserera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mtundu wamafuta am'mafakitale, kupezeka kwamadzi momwemo, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi zina zambiri.

Kukwera pa ma shock absorbers odzazidwa ndi mafuta a spindle