Ndege yoyenda ndi yonyamula katundu: Gotha Go 242 Go 244
Gotha Go 242 Go 244. A Gotha Go 242 A-1 glider yokokedwa ndi ndege ya Heinkel He 111 H pa Nyanja ya Mediterranean.
Kukula mwachangu kwa asitikali a parachute aku Germany kudafunikira makampani opanga ndege kuti apereke zida zoyenera zowulukira - zoyendera ndi zoyendera ndege. Ngakhale kuti DFS 230 inakwaniritsa zofunikira pa ndege yoyendetsa ndege, yomwe inkayenera kupereka omenyana ndi zida ndi zida zawo mwachindunji ku chandamale, kutsika kwake sikunamulole kuti apereke mayunitsi ake ndi zida zowonjezera ndi zinthu zofunika. ntchito zolimbana. Kulimbana kogwira mtima m'gawo la adani. Kwa mtundu uwu wa ntchito, kunali koyenera kupanga airframe yokulirapo yokhala ndi malipiro ambiri.
Airframe yatsopano, Gotha Go 242, idamangidwa ndi Gothaer Waggonfabrik AG, yofupikitsidwa ngati GWF (Gotha Wagon Factory Joint Stock Company), yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pa Julayi 1, 1898 ndi mainjiniya Botmann ndi Gluck. Poyamba, mafakitalewa ankagwira ntchito yomanga ndi kupanga ma locomotives, ngolo ndi zipangizo za njanji. Dipatimenti Yopanga Aviation (Abteilung Flugzeugbau) idakhazikitsidwa pa February 3, 1913, ndipo patatha milungu khumi ndi imodzi ndege yoyamba idamangidwa pamenepo: wophunzitsa wokhala ndi mipando iwiri yopangidwa ndi Eng. Bruno Bluchner. Posakhalitsa, GFW inayamba kupereka chilolezo kwa Etrich-Rumpler LE 1 Taube (nkhunda). Izi zinali ndege ziwiri, za injini imodzi komanso zamitundu yambiri. Pambuyo popanga makope 10 a LE 1, matembenuzidwe abwino a LE 2 ndi LE 3, omwe adapangidwa ndi eng. Franz Boenisch ndi eng. Bartel. Pazonse, chomera cha Gotha chinapanga ndege 80 za Taube.
Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse, akatswiri awiri aluso kwambiri, Karl Rösner ndi Hans Burkhard, adakhala atsogoleri a Bureau Design. Ntchito yawo yoyamba yophatikizana inali kusinthidwa kwa ndege ya French Caudron G III, yomwe idaloledwa kale ndi GWF. Ndege yatsopanoyo inalandira dzina lakuti LD 4 ndipo inapangidwa mu kuchuluka kwa makope 20. Ndiye Rösner ndi Burkhard analenga angapo ang'onoang'ono reconnaissance ndi ndege apanyanja, anamanga mndandanda ang'onoang'ono, koma ntchito yawo yeniyeni inayamba July 27, 1915 ndi kuthawa woyamba Gotha GI amapasa injini mabomba, amene pa nthawi imeneyo anagwirizana ndi Eng. Oscar Ursinus. Ntchito yawo yogwirizana inali mabomba otsatirawa: Gotha G.II, G.III, G.IV ndi GV, omwe adadziwika chifukwa chochita nawo zigawenga zakutali pazifukwa zomwe zili ku British Isles. Kuwombera kwamlengalenga sikunawononge kwambiri zida zankhondo zaku Britain, koma mabodza awo komanso malingaliro awo anali abwino kwambiri.
Pachiyambi, mafakitale a Gotha ankalemba ntchito anthu 50; pofika kumapeto kwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, chiwerengero chawo chinakwera kufika pa 1215, ndipo panthawiyi kampaniyo inali itapanga ndege zoposa 1000.
Pansi pa Pangano la Versailles, mafakitale ku Gotha adaletsedwa kuyambitsa ndi kupitiliza kupanga chilichonse chokhudzana ndi ndege. Kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu, mpaka 1933, GFW inapanga ma locomotives, injini za dizilo, ngolo ndi zida za njanji. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya National Socialists pa October 2, 1933, dipatimenti yopanga ndege inathetsedwa. Dipl.-eng. Albert Kalkart. Kontrakiti yoyamba inali yopanga chilolezo cha ndege zophunzitsira za Arado Ar 68. Kenako Heinkel He 45 ndi He 46 reconnaissance ndege zinasonkhanitsidwa ku Gotha. Calkert adapanga mphunzitsi wapampando wa Gotha Go 145, yemwe adawuluka mu February 1934. Ndegeyo inakhala yopambana kwambiri; Okwana, makope osachepera 1182 anapangidwa.
Kumapeto kwa August 1939, ofesi yokonza mapulani a Goth inayamba kugwira ntchito yokonza ndege yatsopano yonyamula katundu yomwe inkatha kunyamula katundu wambiri popanda kuitsegula. Mtsogoleri wa gulu lachitukuko anali Dipl.-Ing. Albert Kalkart. Mapangidwe oyambirira anamalizidwa pa October 25, 1939. Airframe yatsopanoyo idayenera kukhala ndi fuselage yokulirapo yokhala ndi choboolera chamchira kumbuyo kwake komanso chotsekera chachikulu chonyamula katundu chomwe chidayikidwa mu uta wopindidwa.
Pambuyo pochita maphunziro aukadaulo ndi kufunsana mu Januware 1940, zidatsimikizika kuti chiwopsezo chonyamula katundu chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa fuselage chingakhale pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka ndi kupanikizana chikatera kudera losadziwika, lomwe silinachitikepo, zomwe zitha kusokoneza kutsitsa zida. kunyamulidwa. Anaganiza zosuntha chitseko chonyamula katundu chomwe chimatsamira mmwamba mpaka kumapeto kwa fuselage, koma izi zinali zosatheka chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mchira ndi keels kumapeto komwe kunayikidwa pamenepo. Yankho lake linapezedwa mwamsanga ndi mmodzi wa mamembala a gululo, Ing. Laiber, yemwe adapereka gawo latsopano la mchira wokhala ndi mtanda wawiri wolumikizidwa kumapeto ndi stabilizer yopingasa yamakona anayi. Izi zinapangitsa kuti hatch yotsegula ikhale yomasuka komanso yokhazikika, komanso imaperekanso malo okwanira okweza magalimoto opanda msewu monga Volkswagen Type 82 Kübelwagen, mfuti yolemera ya 150 mm caliber kapena 105 mm caliber field howitzer.
Ntchito yomalizidwayo idaperekedwa mu Meyi 1940 kwa oimira Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM - Reich Aviation Ministry). Poyamba akuluakulu a Technisches Amt des RLM (Technical Department of the RLM) ankakonda kupanga mpikisano wa Deutscher Forschunsanstalt für Segelflug (German Gliding Research Institute), yosankhidwa DFS 331. DFS poyamba inali ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopambana mpikisano. Mu Seputembala 230, RLM idayika dongosolo la ma prototypes atatu a DFS 1940 ndi ma prototypes awiri a Go 1940 kuti aperekedwe pofika Novembara 331 kuti afananize magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito.
