Kusanthula kwamoto kwa mapulasitiki

Kusanthula kwa mapulasitiki - ma macromolecules okhala ndi zovuta - ndi ntchito yomwe imachitika m'ma laboratories apadera. Komabe, kunyumba, zida zodziwika kwambiri zopangira zimatha kusiyanitsa. Chifukwa cha izi, titha kudziwa zomwe tikuchita (zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimafuna, mwachitsanzo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya guluu kuti agwirizane, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndizosiyana).

Pazoyesera, gwero lamoto (litha kukhala kandulo) ndi mbano kapena ma tweezers kuti mugwire zitsanzo ndizokwanira.

Komabe, tiyeni titengepo njira zodzitetezera.:

- timayesa kutali ndi zinthu zoyaka moto;

- timagwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zazing'ono (zokhala ndi malo osapitilira 1 cm)²);

- chitsanzocho chimasungidwa mu tweezers;

- muzochitika zosayembekezereka, chiguduli chonyowa chidzabwera mothandiza kuzimitsa moto.

Pozindikira, tcherani khutu kuyaka kwakuthupi (kaya imayaka mosavuta ndikuyaka ikachotsedwa pamoto), mtundu wamoto, fungo ndi mtundu wa zotsalira pambuyo pa kuyaka. Makhalidwe a chitsanzo pa chizindikiritso ndi maonekedwe ake pambuyo kuwombera akhoza kusiyana ndi kufotokozera kutengera zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (zodzaza, utoto, ulusi wolimbitsa, etc.).

Pazoyesera, tidzagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'malo athu: zidutswa za zojambulazo, mabotolo ndi phukusi, machubu, ndi zina zotero. Pazinthu zina, tingapeze zizindikiro pa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Ikani chitsanzocho mu tweezers ndikuchiyika pamoto wamoto:

1. Mpira (monga chubu chamkati): choyaka kwambiri ndipo sichimatuluka chikachotsedwa pachowotcha. Lawi lamoto ndi lachikasu lakuda komanso lofuka kwambiri. Timanunkhiza mphira woyaka. Chotsalira chikayaka ndi chomata chosungunuka. (chithunzi 1)

2. celluloid (monga mpira wa ping-pong): woyaka kwambiri ndipo sungazime ukachotsedwa pachowotcha. Zinthuzo zimayaka kwambiri ndi lawi lowala lachikasu. Mukawotcha, palibe chotsalira. (chithunzi 2)

3. PS polystyrene (mwachitsanzo, kapu ya yogurt): imawunikira pakapita nthawi ndipo siyizima ikachotsedwa pachowotcha. Lawi lamoto ndi lachikasu-lalanje, utsi wakuda umatuluka mmenemo, ndipo zinthuzo zimafewa ndikusungunuka. Kununkhira kumakoma kwambiri. (chithunzi 3)

4. Polyethylene PE i polypropylene PP (monga chikwama cha zojambulazo): choyaka kwambiri ndipo sichimatuluka chikachotsedwa pachowotcha. Lawi lamoto ndi lachikasu ndi halo ya buluu, zinthuzo zimasungunuka ndikutsika pansi. Fungo la parafini wowotchedwa. (chithunzi 4)

5. Polyvinyl kolorayidi PVC (mwachitsanzo chitoliro): chimayaka movutikira ndipo nthawi zambiri chimatuluka chikachotsedwa pachowotcha. Lawi lamoto ndi lachikasu ndi halo wobiriwira, utsi wina umatuluka ndipo zinthuzo zimakhala zofewa kwambiri. Kuwotcha kwa PVC kuli ndi fungo loipa (hydrogen chloride). (chithunzi 5)

6. Polymethyl methacrylate PMMA (Mwachitsanzo, kachidutswa ka "organic glass"): imayatsa pakapita nthawi ndipo siyizima ikachotsedwa pachowotcha. Lawi lamoto limakhala lachikasu lokhala ndi halo wabuluu; likayaka, zinthuzo zimafewa. Pali fungo lamaluwa. (chithunzi 6)

7. Poly (ethyl terephthalate) PET (botolo la soda): Imayaka pakapita nthawi ndipo nthawi zambiri imazima ikachotsedwa pamoto. Lawilo ndi lachikasu, lofuka pang'ono. Mutha kumva fungo lamphamvu. (chithunzi 7)

8. PA polyamide (monga chingwe chopha nsomba): chimayaka pakapita nthawi ndipo nthawi zina chimazima chikachotsedwa pamoto. Lawilo ndi labuluu wopepuka komanso nsonga yachikasu. Zinthuzo zimasungunuka ndikudontha. Kununkhira kuli ngati tsitsi lopsa. (chithunzi 8)

9. Pulogalamu ya PC (monga CD): imayaka pakapita nthawi ndipo nthawi zina imazima ikachotsedwa pamoto. Imayaka ndi lawi lowala, imasuta. Fungo ndi khalidwe. (chithunzi 9)

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Kusanthula kwamoto kwa mapulasitiki