Pininfarina - kukongola kumabadwa kumeneko

Chilumba cha Apennine chakhala chiyambi cha akatswiri a kalembedwe kuyambira kalekale. Kuphatikiza pa zomangamanga, zojambulajambula ndi zojambula, anthu a ku Italy ndi atsogoleri a dziko la mapangidwe a magalimoto, ndipo mfumu yake yosatsutsika ndi Pininfarina, stylistic center of Turin, yomwe idakondwerera chaka chake kumapeto kwa May. 

Chiyambi cha Carrozzeria Pininfarina

Iye anali mu May 1930. Battista Farina adayambitsa kampani yake, adapita kutali, zomwe kuyambira pachiyambi zinali zogwirizana ndi makampani opanga magalimoto. Iye anabadwa wakhumi mwa ana khumi ndi mmodzi wa vintner Giuseppe Farina. Chifukwa chakuti anali mwana wamng'ono kwambiri, anamutcha dzina lakuti Pinin, wamng'ono amene anakhala naye mpaka mapeto a moyo wake, ndipo mu 1961 anasintha dzina lake. Pininfarina.

Kale ali wachinyamata, adagwira ntchito m'bwalo la mchimwene wake ku Turin, yemwe ankagwira ntchito osati kumakanika komanso kukonza mapepala. Ndiko komwe Battista, akuwonera ndi kuthandiza mchimwene wake, adaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto ndipo adawakonda kwambiri.

Analandira ntchito yake yoyamba yojambula ali ndi zaka 18, pamene anali asanachite bizinesi. Anali mapangidwe a radiator a Fiat Zero, omwe adapangidwa kuyambira 1913, omwe Purezidenti Agnelli adakonda kwambiri kuposa malingaliro a akatswiri amakampani. Ngakhale bwino, Farina sanagwire ntchito pa fakitale galimoto mu Turin, koma anaganiza zopita ku United States, kumene anaona dynamically kukula makampani magalimoto. Pobwerera ku Italy mu 1928, adatenga fakitale ya mkulu wake, ndipo mu 1930, chifukwa cha ndalama za banja ndi zakunja, adayambitsa. Thupi Pininfarina.

Cholinga cha ndalamazo chinali kusandutsa msonkhano wotukuka kukhala fakitale yopanga matupi opangidwa mwamakonda, kuchoka kumodzi kupita kumagulu ang'onoang'ono. Panali makampani ambiri otere ku Europe konse, koma m'zaka zotsatira Pininfarina analandira kuzindikira kowonjezereka.

Magalimoto oyamba ojambulidwa ndi Farina anali Lancias, zomwe sizinangochitika mwangozi. Vincenzo Lancia adayika ndalama zake kukampani yake ndipo adakhala bwenzi pakapita nthawi. Kale mu 1930, Lancia Dilambda adayambitsidwa ndi thupi lochepa thupi lotchedwa boat-tail, lomwe linagonjetsa mitima ya owonerera ndi akatswiri pa mpikisano wa ku Italy wa kukongola kwa di Villa d'Este, ndipo posakhalitsa anakopa mphamvu zomwe zimakhalapo. Mwa zina, thupi la Lancia Dilambda lopangidwa ndi Farina lidalamulidwa. mfumu ya Romania, ndi Maharaja Vir Singh II analamula thupi mu kalembedwe yemweyo, koma anamanga kwa Cadillac V16, ndiye mmodzi wa magalimoto otchuka mu dziko.

Farina anamanga ndi kuperekedwa pa mipikisano kukongola ndi ziwonetsero galimoto ntchito osati pa maziko a magalimoto Italy (Lancia, Alfa Romeo), komanso pamaziko a Mercedes kapena wapamwamba kwambiri Hispano-Suiza. Komabe, zaka zoyambirira zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi Lancia. Kumeneko ndi komwe adayesa ndi aerodynamics, ndikuyambitsa Dilambda ndipo pambuyo pake ma incarnations otsatira a Aurelia ndi Asturias. Ziwalo za thupi lozungulira ndi mazenera otsetsereka akhala chizindikiro cha studio.

Nthawi ya nkhondo isanayambe inali nthawi ya chitukuko, kukula kwa ntchito ndi ntchito zambiri zatsopano. Nkhondo Yachiŵiri Yapadziko Lonse inasiya ntchito pa fakitale ya Turin, koma chipwirikiticho chitatha, nyumbayo itamangidwanso, Battista ndi gulu lake anabwerera kukagwira ntchito. Atangomaliza maphunziro ake mu 1950, adagwirizana ndi mwana wake Sergio, yemwe adalembetsa ntchito zambiri zodziwika bwino. Izi zisanachitike, idakhazikitsidwa mu 1947. Cisitalia 202, galimoto yoyamba yamasewera apamsewu kuchokera kumalo othamanga ku Italy.

Mapangidwe atsopano a msonkhanowo adawonekera motsutsana ndi zomwe zidachitika nkhondo isanayambe. Anapereka chithunzi cha mtanda umodzi, wowonda, wosazindikirika ndi mfundo ndi zokhotakhota. Ngati panthawiyo munthu sankadziwa za mbiri ya Pininfarina, ndiye pa nthawi yoyamba ya chitsanzo ichi, munthu sakanakhala ndi zonyenga. Galimotoyo inali yodabwitsa kwambiri ngati mapangidwe abwino kwambiri a Ferrari pambuyo pake. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mu 1951, iye analowa New York Museum monga imodzi mwa magalimoto okongola kwambiri m'mbiri ya makampani magalimoto ndipo amatchedwa chosema pa mawilo. Cisitalia 202 adalowa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Magalimoto 170 adamangidwa.

Mgwirizano wapamwamba pakati pa Pininfarina ndi Ferrari

Mbiri ya ubale Pininfarini z Ferrari zinayamba ngati mathero. Mu 1951 Enzo Ferrari oitanidwa Battista Farina kwa Modena, komwe iye mwini adayankha ndi mwayi wopita ku Turin. Amuna onse awiri sanafune kuvomera kuchoka. Mwina mgwirizanowo sukadayamba Sergio Pininfarinaomwe adapereka yankho lomwe silikuwululira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito makontrakitala aliyense. Amunawa adakumana pamalo odyera pakati pa Turin ndi Modena, zomwe zidayambitsa woyamba Ferrari yokhala ndi thupi la Pininfairny - Model 212 Inter Cabriolet. Izi zinayamba mbiri ya mgwirizano wotchuka pakati pa malo opangira mapangidwe ndi wopanga magalimoto apamwamba.

Poyambirira, Pininfarina analibe Ferrari yekha - ma ateliers ena aku Italy, monga Vignale, Ghia kapena Carrozzeria Scaglietti, adakonza matupi, koma patapita nthawi izi zakhala zofunikira kwambiri.

Mu 1954 iye anapanga kuwonekera koyamba kugulu Ferrari 250 GT yokhala ndi thupi la Pininfarinakenako anamangidwa zaka 250. Patapita nthawi, situdiyo anakhala mlengi bwalo. Kuchokera m'manja mwa stylists Turin anabwera supercars monga Ferrari 288 GTO, F40, F50, Enzo kapena malo otsika Mondial, GTB, Testarossa, 550 Maranello kapena Dino. Magalimoto ena adapangidwanso ku fakitale ya Pininfarina (dzina kuyambira 1961). Izi zinali, mwa zina, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Ferrari 330 yomwe idasonkhanitsidwa ku Turin ndikutengedwa kupita ku Maranello kukakumana ndi makina.

Wokondedwa mbiri ya mgwirizano wa Pininfarina ndi Ferrari Mwina ikutha chifukwa Ferrari pakadali pano sapereka magalimoto opangidwa ku Turin ndipo Ferrari's Centro Stile imayang'anira mapangidwe atsopano amtunduwo. Komabe, palibe udindo wovomerezeka pa kuthetsa mgwirizano.

Dziko silimatha ndi Ferrari

Ngakhale adagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Ferrari kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Pininfarina sananyalanyazenso makasitomala ena. Kwa zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, adapanga mapangidwe amitundu yambiri yapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndikoyenera kutchula zitsanzo ngati Peugeot 405 (1987), Alfa Romeo 164 (1987), Alfa Romeo GTV (1993) kapena Rolls-Royce Camargue (1975). Mu Zakachikwi zatsopano, kampaniyo idayamba mgwirizano ndi opanga aku China monga Chery kapena Brilliance ndi aku Korea (Hyundai Matrix, Daewoo Lacetti).

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 100, Pininfarina adapanganso ma locomotives, ma yacht ndi tramu. Mbiri yawo imaphatikizapo, mwa zina, mapangidwe a mkati mwa ndege yatsopano ya ku Russia ya Sukhoj Superjet, Istanbul Airport, yomwe inatsegulidwa mu April chaka chino, komanso mapangidwe amagetsi ogula, zovala, zipangizo ndi mipando.

Osati situdiyo yokhayo yopangira, komanso fakitale

Ndi kupambana kwapadziko lonse kwa Cisitalia, kuzindikira kwa Pininfarina kufalikira kupyola ku Ulaya ndipo kunayamba kugwira ntchito ndi opanga ku America Nash ndi Cadillac. Anthu a ku Italy anathandiza anthu a ku America kupanga Ambassador wa Nash, ndipo ponena za Nash-Healey roadster, Pininfarina sanangopanga thupi latsopano la roadster lomwe linapangidwa kuyambira 1951, koma linapanganso. Unali msomali m'bokosi la polojekiti yokha, chifukwa galimotoyo inayamba mbiri yake ku England, pa fakitale ya Healey komwe galimotoyo inamangidwa, ndipo inali ndi injini yotumizidwa kuchokera ku USA. Galimoto yosonkhanitsidwa pang'ono idatumizidwa ku Turin, komwe Pininfarina adasonkhanitsa thupi ndikutumiza galimoto yomalizidwa ku States. Njira zovuta zogwirira ntchito zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wapamwamba womwe unalepheretsa kugulitsa bwino pamsika wampikisano waku America. General Motors adapanganso cholakwika chomwechi patatha zaka makumi angapo, koma tisadzitsogolere.

Nash sanali wopanga yekha waku America yemwe anali ndi chidwi ndi luso la kupanga la Pininfarina. General Motors adaganiza zopanga mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa Cadillac, mtundu wa Eldorado Brougham, womangidwa ku Turin mu 1959-1960 m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. M'zaka zonse ziwiri zopanga, pafupifupi zana limodzi ndi zomwe zidamangidwa. Inali yodula kwambiri pamndandanda wamitengo ya mtundu waku America - idakwera kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa Eldorado wamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwamagalimoto odula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuwala kwapamwamba, kuphatikizidwa ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe amaphatikizapo kutumiza ku US-Italy-US komanso kusonkhanitsa pamanja pagalimoto iliyonse, zidapangitsa Cadillac Eldorado Brougham kukhala chisankho chanzeru kwambiri posaka limousine yayikulu.

Mu 1958 Pininfarina adatsegula chomera ku Grugliasco chomwe chimatha kupanga magalimoto 11 pachaka, kotero kupanga kwamakasitomala aku America kunali kochepa kwambiri kuthandizira mbewuyo. Mwamwayi, kampaniyo inali yogwirizana bwino ndi zopangidwa zapakhomo.

Mu 1966, kupanga imodzi mwamagalimoto ofunikira kwambiri pakampaniyo idayamba. Alfie Romeo Spideryomwe inali galimoto yachiwiri yayikulu yopanga yopangidwa ndi Pininfarina. Mpaka 1993, makope 140 anapangidwa. Pankhani imeneyi, kokha Fiat 124 Sport Spider anali bwino, opangidwa mu 1966 mayunitsi 1985 mu - zaka.

Zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu ndi nthawi yomwe tingabwerere ku zojambula zaku America. General Motors ndiye adaganiza zomanga Cadillac Allante, msewu wapamwamba kwambiri womwe unamangidwa pafakitale yolumikizana ku San Giorgio Canavese ndikuwulutsidwa kupita ku US kuti ulumikizane ndi chassis ndi powertrain. Ntchito yonseyi idasokoneza mtengo wake ndipo galimotoyo idapitilirabe kupanga kuyambira 1986 mpaka 1993. Kupanga kunatha pa 23. makope.

Komabe, mbewu yatsopanoyo inalibe kanthu; kampani ya Pininfarina idamangapo. Convertible Bentley Azure, Peugeot 406 coupe kapena Alfa Romeo Brera. Mu 1997, fakitale ina inatsegulidwa, momwemo Mitsubishi Pajero Pinin, Ford Focus Coupe Cabrio kapena Ford Streetka. Anthu aku Italiya adakhazikitsanso mgwirizano ndi Volvo ndipo adamanga C70 ku Sweden.

lero Pininfarina watseka kapena kugulitsa mafakitale ake onse ndipo sapanganso magalimoto kwa wopanga aliyense, komabe amapereka ntchito zopangira mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Mavuto azachuma komanso kuchira

Mavuto azachuma omwe amabwera chifukwa cha zochitika zamalonda ndi ngongole za nthawi yayitali sizinangokhudza makampani akuluakulu, omwe adayenera kutseka mafakitole onse komanso mitundu kuti adziteteze kuti asagwe. Pininfarina anali muvuto lalikulu lazachuma kumbuyo ku 2007, ndipo chipulumutso chokha chinali kufunafuna njira zochepetsera ndalama ndikukopa osunga ndalama. Mu 2008, kulimbana ndi mabanki kunayamba, kufufuza kwa ndalama ndi kukonzanso, komwe kunatha mu 2013, pamene kampaniyo sinawonongeke kwa nthawi yoyamba pafupifupi zaka khumi. Mu 2015, Mahindra adatulukira ndikutenga udindo Pininfarinakoma Paolo Pininfarina, yemwe adakhala ndi kampaniyi kuyambira XNUMXs, adakhalabe purezidenti.

Posachedwa Pininfarina sindiri wachabechabe. Iye ali ndi udindo pa Fisker Karma yosinthidwa, i.e. Karma Revero GTzoperekedwa chaka chino. Kuphatikiza apo, Pininfarina Battista hypercar, yomwe idatchulidwa pambuyo pa woyambitsa wodziwika bwino wa kampaniyo, ili m'njira, kuphatikiza makongoletsedwe osatha ndi Rimac electric drive, kutulutsa kutulutsa kwathunthu kwa 1903 hp. (ma injini 4, imodzi pa gudumu lililonse). Galimotoyo ikuyembekezeka kugulitsidwa mu 2020. Anthu aku Italiya akukonzekera kumasula makope a 150 a supercar iyi, yomwe imatha kuthamanga mpaka 100 km / h mumasekondi a 2 ndikufikira liwiro la 349 km / h. Mtengo unayikidwa pa 2 miliyoni euro. Zambiri, koma Pininfarina akadali chizindikiro mu dziko la magalimoto. Anthu aku Italiya akuti 40% yazopanga zonse zasungidwa kale.