Chitani nokha pakompyuta yapagalimoto yamgalimoto - ikafunika, malangizo atsatane-tsatane

Mapulogalamu omwe amalowetsedwa mu gawo lamagetsi amatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwake, chifukwa chake zimatengera pulogalamu yomwe imagwira ntchito komanso momwe ingachitire.

Kupanga magalimoto ndi makompyuta kumakakamiza eni magalimoto kuti aziyendera nthawi, zomwe nthawi zina zimafuna kuwunikiranso kompyuta yapagalimoto yagalimotoyo kuti ikonzenso ntchito yake kapena kuipatsa mphamvu yogwira ntchito zina zachilendo.

Kodi kompyuta yomwe ili pabwalo ndi chiyani

Mpaka pano, palibe tanthauzo lomveka bwino lomwe limavomerezedwa pakompyuta (BC, bortovik, carputer), chifukwa chake, zida zingapo za microprocessor (zida) zimatchedwa mawu awa, ndiye:

• njira (MK, minibus), yomwe imayang'anira magawo akuluakulu ogwira ntchito, kuchokera ku mtunda wamtunda ndi mafuta, kuti mudziwe malo a galimotoyo;
• chigawo chowongolera zamagetsi (ECU) chamagulu ena, mwachitsanzo, injini kapena kufalitsa kwadzidzidzi;
• service (serviceman), yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo la dongosolo lovuta kwambiri ndipo imangowonetsa zomwe zalandilidwa kuchokera kugawo lalikulu la makompyuta owongolera kapena kuwunika kosavuta;
• kulamulira - chinthu chachikulu cha dongosolo kulamulira kwa mayunitsi onse a magalimoto amakono, zomwe zikuphatikizapo angapo microprocessor zipangizo ogwirizana maukonde limodzi.

Pawekha kapena pamagalimoto okhazikika, mutha kuwunikiranso (kukonzanso) MK yokha, chifukwa kusokoneza mapulogalamu (mapulogalamu, mapulogalamu) a zida zina kumangobweretsa mavuto akulu ndigalimoto.

Pa bolodi kompyuta

Kuti muyike firmware yatsopano ku mitundu ina ya BC, simukusowa zida zapadera zokha, komanso katswiri yemwe amadziwa bwino makina onse amagetsi amagetsi, komanso amatha kukonza ndi kuwakonza.

Kodi mapulogalamu ndi chiyani

Chida chilichonse chamagetsi ndi gawo la zigawo zolumikizidwa mwanjira inayake, zomwe zimalola kuti azichita ntchito zosavuta za masamu, koma kuti athetse ntchito zovuta kwambiri, ndikofunikira kulembera (kudzaza, kung'anima) njira yoyenera mwa iwo. Tidzafotokozera izi pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo chodziwitsa mafuta.

Injini ECU imafufuza masensa osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe momwe angagwiritsire ntchito galimoto ndi zolinga za dalaivala, kuwerengera chidziwitso chonsechi. Kenako, kutsatira algorithm yomwe idayikidwa mu firmware yake, imazindikira kuchuluka kwamafuta amtundu uwu komanso nthawi yofananira yojambulira mafuta.

Chifukwa chakuti kuthamanga kwa njanji yamafuta kumathandizidwa ndi mpope wamafuta ndi valavu yochepetsera mphamvu, ili pamlingo womwewo, mosasamala kanthu za momwe gawo lamagetsi limagwirira ntchito. Kupanikizika kwamtengo kumalembedwa mu algorithm yodzazidwa mu ECU, koma, pa magalimoto ena, gawo lolamulira limalandira zizindikiro kuchokera ku sensa yowonjezera yomwe imayang'anira chizindikiro ichi. Ntchito yotereyi sikuti imangowonjezera kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a injini yoyaka mkati (ICE), komanso imazindikira zovuta mumzere wamafuta, kupereka chizindikiro kwa dalaivala ndikumulimbikitsa kuti ayang'ane dongosololi.

Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni komwe kumalowa m'masilinda kumatsimikiziridwa ndi sensa ya misa ya mpweya (DMRV), ndipo chiŵerengero choyenera cha kusakaniza kwa mpweya wa mpweya pamtundu uliwonse kumalembedwa mu firmware ya ECU. Ndiye kuti, chipangizocho, chotengera zomwe zapezedwa ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amasokedwamo, amayenera kuwerengera nthawi yabwino yotsegulira pamphuno iliyonse, ndiyeno, pogwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zochokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana, kudziwa momwe injiniyo idasinthira mafutawo komanso ngati parameter iliyonse iyenera kukonzedwa. Ngati zonse zili bwino, ndiye kuti ECU, ndi mafupipafupi ena, imapanga chizindikiro cha digito chofotokozera kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulendo uliwonse.

Misa mpweya otaya sensa

MK, atalandira chizindikiro ichi ndikusonkhanitsa zowerengera kuchokera kumafuta amafuta ndi masensa othamanga, amawasintha motsatira pulogalamu yomwe idakwezedwa. Atalandira zidziwitso kuchokera ku sensa ya liwiro lagalimoto, wokonza njira, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyenera yophatikizidwa mu firmware yake, amasankha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pagawo la nthawi kapena mtunda. Atalandira zambiri kuchokera ku sensa ya mafuta mu thanki, MK imatsimikizira kuti mafuta otsalawo adzatha bwanji. Pamagalimoto ambiri, dalaivala amatha kusankha njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsera deta, pambuyo pake woyang'anira mayendedwe amamasulira zomwe zakonzeka kutulutsidwa m'njira yabwino kwambiri kwa dalaivala, mwachitsanzo:

• kuchuluka kwa lita imodzi pa 100 km;
• chiwerengero cha makilomita pa 1 lita imodzi ya mafuta (mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa magalimoto Japanese);
• kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta munthawi yeniyeni;
• kumwa kwapakati pa nthawi inayake kapena kuthamanga kwa mtunda.

Ntchito zonsezi ndi zotsatira za firmware, ndiko kuti, mapulogalamu apakompyuta. Ngati mutsegulanso chipangizocho, mutha kuchipatsa ntchito zatsopano kapena kusintha china chake pakukhazikitsa zakale.

N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuwala

Mapulogalamu omwe amalowetsedwa mu gawo lamagetsi amatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwake, chifukwa chake zimatengera pulogalamu yomwe imagwira ntchito komanso momwe ingachitire. Mu BC wa zitsanzo zakale, chifukwa cha zaka zambiri zogwira ntchito, ndizotheka kuwulula zinthu zobisika zomwe ziyenera kulipidwa mwanjira ina ngati zili zoipa, kapena zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zili zabwino. Pamene zinthu zobisika izi zapezeka, m'pofunika kusintha kusintha kwa firmware ya chipangizocho, kutulutsa mapulogalamu atsopano a pulogalamu yowunikira kuti carputer ikhale yodalirika komanso yogwira mtima.

Mofanana ndi chipangizo china chilichonse, makompyuta omwe ali pa bolodi amakumana ndi zinthu zakunja, monga kuwonjezereka kwa mphamvu, zomwe zingawononge pulogalamu yomwe yakwezedwa, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwake. Ngati zowunikira sizinawonetse kuwonongeka kwa zida zamagetsi kapena zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndiye kuti vuto liri mu pulogalamuyo ndipo amanena za izi - firmware yawuluka.

Njira yokhayo yochitira izi ndikuyika mapulogalamu atsopano amtundu womwewo kapena wamtsogolo, womwe umabwezeretsanso magwiridwe antchito a unit.

Chifukwa china chochitira opaleshoniyi ndikufunika kusintha kagwiritsidwe ntchito kachipangizocho kapena kachitidwe kamene kamawongolera. Mwachitsanzo, kung'anima (reprogramming) injini ECU amasintha makhalidwe ake, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu, mafuta mafuta, etc. Izi ndi zoona makamaka ngati mwini galimoto sakukhutitsidwa ndi zoikamo muyezo, chifukwa iwo sakugwirizana ndi galimoto yake. kalembedwe.

General mfundo za kuthwanima

Kompyuta iliyonse yamagalimoto imatha kusinthira kapena kusintha pulogalamuyo, ndipo zidziwitso zonse zofunika pa izi zimabwera kudzera pa kulumikizana kofananira ndi chipika cha pulagi. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupange flashing mudzafunika:

• kompyuta (PC) kapena laputopu yokhala ndi pulogalamu yoyenera;
• USB adaputala;
• chingwe chokhala ndi cholumikizira choyenera.

Kusintha kwa BC kudzera pa laputopu

Zida zonse zikakonzeka, komanso pulogalamu yoyenera yasankhidwa, imatsalira kusankha momwe mungayatse kompyuta yagalimoto - lembani pulogalamu yatsopano kapena kusintha zomwe zilipo kale, kusintha malingaliro. ndi mafomula mmenemo. Njira yoyamba imakupatsani mwayi wokulitsa luso la carputer, yachiwiri imangowongolera magwiridwe antchito ake mkati mwa algorithm yodziwika.

Chitsanzo chimodzi chowunikira kompyuta yomwe ili pa bolodi ndikusintha chilankhulo chowonetsera, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri ngati galimotoyo idapangidwira mayiko ena ndikutumizidwa ku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, pamagalimoto aku Japan, chidziwitso chonse chikuwonetsedwa mu hieroglyphs, pamagalimoto aku Germany mu Chilatini, ndiye kuti, munthu yemwe salankhula chilankhulochi sangapindule ndi zomwe zawonetsedwa. Kuyika mapulogalamu oyenerera kumathetsa vutoli ndipo bortovik imayamba kusonyeza zambiri mu Chirasha, pamene ntchito zake zina zimasungidwa bwino.

Chitsanzo china ndi reprogramming injini ECU, amene amasintha mode ntchito galimoto. Firmware yatsopano yapakompyuta imatha kukulitsa mphamvu ya injini ndi kuyankha, kupangitsa galimotoyo kukhala yamasewera, kapena mosemphanitsa, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, kulepheretsa galimoto kuti ikhale yamphamvu komanso yaukali.

Kuwala kulikonse kumachitika kudzera pakuperekedwa kwa chidziwitso kwa data-kukhudzana ndi carputer, chifukwa iyi ndi njira yokhazikika yoperekedwa ndi wopanga. Koma, ngakhale pali njira zambiri, njira zosinthira fimuweya pa BC iliyonse ndizodziwikiratu komanso zotengera malingaliro a wopanga chipangizochi. Chifukwa chake, ma aligorivimu ambiri amachitidwe ndi ofanana, koma pulogalamuyo ndi dongosolo la kutsitsa kwake ndizosiyana pamtundu uliwonse wa chipangizocho.

Nthawi zina kung'anima kumatchedwa chip tuning, koma izi sizowona kwathunthu. Kupatula apo, kukonza kwa chip ndi njira zingapo zowongolera magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, ndipo kukonzanso galimoto yomwe ili pa board ndi gawo limodzi chabe. Mwina, kukweza pulogalamu yoyenera ndikokwanira kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira zomwe mukufuna, koma zochulukirapo zitha kutheka kokha ndi magawo angapo.

Komwe mungapeze pulogalamu yowunikira

Poyerekeza ndi makompyuta aumwini, makompyuta omwe ali pa bolodi ali ndi dongosolo losavuta kwambiri ndipo "amamvetsetsa" mapulogalamu okhawo olembedwa m'makina a makina, ndiye kuti, zinenero zochepetsetsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, ambiri opanga mapulogalamu amakono sangathe kulemba mapulogalamu awo mwaluso, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa luso lolemba pamlingo wotsika kwambiri, kumvetsetsa njira zomwe chipangizochi chidzakhudzire ndizofunikira. Kuonjezera apo, kupanga kapena kusintha firmware ya ECU iliyonse kumafuna chidziwitso chozama kwambiri, kuphatikizapo madera osiyanasiyana a fizikiki ndi chemistry, kotero owerengeka okha angathe kupanga firmware yapamwamba kuchokera pachiyambi kapena kusintha mwaluso yomwe ilipo.

Ngati mukufuna kuwunikiranso kompyuta yomwe ili m'galimoto, ndiye kuti mugule pulogalamuyo kuchokera kuma studio odziwika bwino kapena malo ochitirako misonkhano omwe amapereka chitsimikizo cha pulogalamuyo. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu omwe amapezeka kwaulere pamasamba osiyanasiyana, koma mapulogalamuwa ndi akale komanso osagwira ntchito kwambiri, mwinamwake wolembayo angagulitse.

 

Kusintha kwa mapulogalamu mu msonkhano

Malo ena omwe mungapeze mapulogalamu oyenera kuwunikira ndi mitundu yonse ya mabwalo a eni galimoto, pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amakambirana magalimoto awo ndi chilichonse cholumikizidwa nawo. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kuthekera kopeza mayankho enieni kuchokera kwa omwe ayesa firmware yatsopano pagalimoto yawo ndikuyiyesa. Ngati ndinu wogwiritsa ntchito pabwalo loterolo, ndiye kuti ndi mwayi waukulu simudzangothandizidwa kusankha pulogalamu yatsopano ya sitolo yanu yobetcha, komanso mudzafunsidwa za kuyikweza.

Dzidzikeni nokha kapena perekani kwa katswiri

Ngati muli ndi chidziwitso chochepa pakupanga zida zamagetsi ndi pulogalamu yofananira, ndiye kuti kuyatsa kompyuta yapagalimoto sikungakubweretsereni zovuta, chifukwa ma algorithm ambiri amachitidwe ndi ofanana ndi chipangizo chilichonse. Ngati mulibe chidziwitso chotere, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mupereke kudzazidwa kwa pulogalamu yatsopano kwa katswiri, apo ayi pali mwayi waukulu kuti chinachake chidzalakwika ndipo, ngati kuli bwino, muyenera kuwunikiranso carputer, ndipo mu choyipa kwambiri, kukonza magalimoto ovuta kudzafunika.

Kumbukirani, ngakhale aligorivimu ambiri zochita, reprogramming midadada zosiyanasiyana ngakhale pa galimoto yomweyo kumachitika ndi kusiyana kwakukulu onse mapulogalamu ndi ntchito zina. Choncho, zomwe zimagwira ntchito kwa Shtat MK kwa m'badwo woyamba wa banja la Vaz Samara (injector model 2108-21099) sizigwira ntchito kwa carputer ya kampani yomweyi, koma cholinga cha Vesta.

Werenganinso: Autonomous chotenthetsera mu galimoto: gulu, mmene kukhazikitsa nokha

Momwe mungapangirenso BC nokha

Nayi njira yomwe ingakuthandizeni kuwunikiranso kompyuta yomwe ili pagalimoto, kuchokera pamagawo owongolera injini kupita ku MK kapena zida zothandizira:

• kulumikiza batire ndi kuchotsa chipangizo galimoto;
• patsamba la wopanga kapena mabwalo agalimoto, pezani malangizo owunikira mtundu wa chipangizochi ndi mtundu wagalimoto iyi;
• tsitsani firmware ndi mapulogalamu ena omwe adzafunikire kukhazikitsa ndikusintha;
• kugula kapena kupanga zipangizo zofunika;
• kutsatira malangizo, gwirizanitsani BC ku PC kapena laputopu (nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi kapena mafoni, koma izi sizothandiza);
• kutsatira malingaliro, kwezani (flash) pulogalamu yatsopano;
• kukhazikitsa chipangizo chamagetsi pa galimoto ndikuyang'ana ntchito yake;
• sinthani ngati kuli kofunikira.

Kumbukirani, pakuwunikira, chilichonse chomwe sichinakhazikitsidwe pazolembedwa zamakina amagetsi osankhidwa chimangoyambitsa kuwonongeka kapena kulephera kwake, chifukwa chake perekani m'malo pazotsatira zomwe zalembedwa patsamba la wopanga.

Kudzithwanitsa

Kuwunikira zida zina zapa bolodi, ndikofunikira kugulitsa chip ROM (chipangizo chowerengera chokha), chifukwa kufufuta zambiri momwemo kumatheka kudzera mu kuwala kwa ultraviolet kapena njira ina yosagwirizana ndi manambala a digito. Ntchito yotereyi iyenera kuchitidwa ndi katswiri yemwe ali ndi luso loyenerera ndi zipangizo.

Pomaliza

Popeza ndi pulogalamu yomwe imatsimikizira magawo onse ogwiritsira ntchito osati chipangizo chamagetsi chosiyana, komanso galimoto yonse, kung'anima pakompyuta pa bolodi kumabwezeretsa ntchito yake yachibadwa kapena kupititsa patsogolo ntchito. Komabe, kukweza pulogalamu yatsopano sikungochotsa galimotoyo, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera, ndipo kulakwitsa kulikonse kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chipangizocho komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa galimoto.

Dzichitireni nokha firmware (chip tuning) yagalimoto