Patent Monthly - Jerome H. Lemelson

Nthawi ino tikukumbutsani za woyambitsa amene adalemera pa malingaliro ake, koma anthu ambiri - makamaka makampani akuluakulu - adamutenga ngati otchedwa. patent troll. Iye mwiniyo adadziwona yekha ngati wolankhulira chifukwa cha opanga odziimira okha.

SUMMARI: Jerome "Jerry" Hal Lemelson

Tsiku ndi malo obadwira: July 18, 1923 ku Staten Island, USA (anamwalira October 1, 1997)

Nzika: Amereka                        

Banja: wokwatira, ana awiri

Mwayi: zovuta kulingalira chifukwa si mikangano yonse ya patent yomwe yathetsedwa

Maphunziro: Yunivesite ya New York

Chidziwitso:               freelance inventor (1950-1997), woyambitsa ndi mkulu wa Licensing Management Corporation

Zokonda: luso, moyo wabanja

Jerome Lemelson, yemwe adatchedwa "Jerry" ndi abwenzi ndi abale, adawona kuti luso komanso luso ndilo maziko a "American dream". Iye anali ndi ma patent mazana asanu ndi limodzi! Monga kuwerengetsera, izi zimakhala pafupifupi patent imodzi pamwezi kwa zaka makumi asanu. Ndipo adakwaniritsa zonsezi payekha, popanda kuthandizidwa ndi mabungwe ofufuza odziwika kapena dipatimenti yafukufuku ndi chitukuko chamakampani akuluakulu.

Makina opanga makina ndi owerenga barcode, matekinoloje omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma ATM ndi mafoni opanda zingwe, makamera ndi makompyuta amunthu - ngakhale zidole zolira ndi zonse kapena gawo la malingaliro a Lemelson. M'zaka za m'ma 60, idapereka chilolezo kwa makina osinthika, m'ma 70 - mitu ya tepi yamagetsi yamakampani aku Japan, komanso m'ma 80 - zida zazikulu zamakompyuta.

"Mawonekedwe a Makina"

Iye anabadwa pa July 18, 1923 ku Staten Island, New York. Monga adatsindika, kuyambira ali wamng'ono adadziwonetsera yekha Thomas Edison. Anapeza digiri ya bachelor ndi masters mu engineering ya mlengalenga komanso digiri ya master mu engineering ya mafakitale ku New York University, yomwe adamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1951.

Asanapite ku koleji, adapanga zida ndi machitidwe ena a Gulu Lankhondo la Aviation pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse. Atalandira ma dipuloma a uinjiniya ndi kutenga nawo gawo pantchito yapamadzi yomanga ma rocket ndi ma pulse engine, adakhala ndi gawo lachidule la ntchito pafakitale ngati mainjiniya. Komabe, adasiya ntchitoyo chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe ankakonda kwambiri - woyambitsa wodziimira yekha ndi "inventor" wodzilemba ntchito.

Mu 1950, anayamba kulemba ma patent. Zambiri zomwe adapanga kuyambira nthawi imeneyo zinali zokhudzana ndi mafakitale amasewera. Izi zinali zatsopano zopindulitsa. Makampaniwa anali akukula mofulumira pambuyo pa nkhondo ndipo nthawi zonse ankafuna zinthu zatsopano. Ndiye inali nthawi ya "zambiri" zovomerezeka.

Kupangidwa kwa nthawi imeneyo, komwe Jerome anali wonyada kwambiri komanso komwe kunamubweretsera mwayi waukulu. loboti yapadziko lonse lapansi, amatha kuyeza, kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera, rivet, zoyendetsa ndi kuyang'ana khalidwe. Anapanga mwatsatanetsatane izi ndipo adapempha chilolezo chamasamba 1954 pa Khrisimasi mu 150. Analongosola njira zowonetsera zowona, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimatchedwa makina masomphenyazomwe zinali zosadziwika panthawiyo ndipo, monga momwe zinakhalira, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Pokhapokha za mafakitale amakono a robotic omwe tinganene kuti amakwaniritsa malingaliro a Lemelson.

Mu ubwana, ndi mchimwene wake ndi galu - Jerome kumanzere

Zokonda zake zinasintha pamene luso lamakono linakula. Ma patent ake anali okhudzana ndi ma fax, ma VCR, zojambulira zonyamula, zojambulira barcode. Zina zomwe adapanga zikuphatikizapo zikwangwani zowunikira zamsewu, choyezera kutentha kwa mawu, foni yam'manja, chipangizo chotsimikizira kuti munthu ali ndi ngongole, makina osungira katundu ndi mwachitsanzo njira yowunikira odwala.

Anagwira ntchito m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, iye ndi mkazi wake atatopa ndi ntchito yotopetsa, anayamba kufufuza njira zosungira zinthu zakale ku US Patent Office. Chotsatira chake chinali lingaliro la kusunga zolemba ndi makanema pa tepi ya maginito. Mu 1955, adapereka fomu yofunsira patent. Kanema archiving system malinga ndi kufotokozera kwake, zimayenera kulola kuwerengedwa kwazithunzi ndizithunzi pa kanema wawayilesi. Lemelson adapanganso makina ogwiritsira ntchito riboni omwe pambuyo pake adakhala chomangira chokhazikika zojambulira makaseti. Mu 1974, pamaziko a zovomerezeka zake, Lemelson anagulitsa kwa Sony chiphaso kuti amange kaseti kakang'ono kakaseti. Pambuyo pake, mayankho awa adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Walkman wodziwika bwino.

Zithunzi zochokera ku ntchito ya patent ya Lemelson

Wopereka layisensi

Kugulitsa layisensi linali lingaliro latsopano la bizinesi la woyambitsa. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60, adayambitsa kampani yochita izi Malingaliro a kampani Licensing Management Corporationzomwe zimayenera kugulitsa zomwe adazipanga, komanso zatsopano za opanga ena odziyimira pawokha. Nthawi yomweyo, adatsata makampani mosavomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito njira zake zovomerezeka. Anachita zimenezi kwa nthawi yoyamba pamene wogulitsa tirigu sanasonyeze chidwi ndi kamangidwe ka bokosi komwe anafuna, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zoikamo malinga ndi chitsanzo chake. Anasumira mlandu, womwe unathetsedwa. Komabe, m’mikangano yambiri yotsatira, iye anapambana. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo pa nkhondo yovomerezeka ndi Illinois Tool Works, adapambana chipukuta misozi mu kuchuluka kwa 17 madola miliyoni kuphwanya patent pa chida chopopera.

Otsutsa ake oweruza ankamuda. Komabe, anthu ambiri odzipangira okha ankamuyesa ngwazi yeniyeni.

Kumenyera kwake ufulu wa zovomerezeka za "masomphenya a makina" omwe tawatchulawa, okhudzana ndi lingaliro la zaka za m'ma 50. Zinali za kusanthula deta yowoneka ndi makamera, kenako kusungidwa pa kompyuta. Kuphatikizana ndi maloboti ndi ma barcode, ukadaulo uwu ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'anira, kuwongolera kapena kuyesa zinthu zomwe zikuyenda pamzere wa msonkhano. Lemelson wazenga mlandu makampani angapo opanga magalimoto ndi zida zamagetsi ku Japan ndi ku Europe chifukwa chophwanya patent iyi. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano womwe unakwaniritsidwa mu 1990-1991, opanga awa adapeza chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito mayankho ake. Akuti zinawononga ndalama zambiri kumakampani agalimoto kuposa madola 500 miliyoni.

Mu 1975, adalowa nawo bungwe la US Patent ndi Trademark Advisory Council kuti athandizire kukonza kachitidwe ka patent. Mlandu wake ndi mabungwe adayambitsa kukambirana ndikusintha malamulo a US pankhaniyi. Vuto lalikulu linali njira zazitali zowunikira ntchito za patent, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti aletse zatsopano. Zina mwazopangidwa ndi Lemelson akadali moyo, zidadziwika mwalamulo patatha zaka khumi atamwalira.

Otsutsa amaimba Lemelson kwa zaka zambiri woyendetsedwa Ofesi ya U.S. Patent ndi Trademark. Iwo akudzudzula woyambitsayo kuti amagwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zidakakamiza makampani pafupifupi 979 - kuphatikiza Ford, Dell, Boeing, General Electric, Mitsubishi ndi Motorola - kulipira. $ 1,5 biliyoni pamalipiro alayisensi.

"Zovomerezeka zake zilibe phindu - ndi mabuku," adatero Robert Shillman, woyambitsa, tcheyamani ndi CEO wa Cognex Corp., wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wopanga mayankho a masomphenya a makina, zaka zapitazo. Komabe, lingaliro ili silingatengedwe ngati mawu a katswiri wodziimira payekha. Kwa zaka zambiri, Cognex wakhala akusumira Lemelson chifukwa cha ufulu wa patent wa machitidwe amasomphenya ...

Mkangano wokhudza Lemelson umakhudzanso tanthauzo laukadaulo waukadaulo. Kodi lingaliro lokha ndiloyenera kukhala lovomerezeka, osaganizira zonse ndi njira zopangira? M'malo mwake - kodi lamulo la patent liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zopangidwa kale, zogwira ntchito komanso zoyesedwa? Kupatula apo, n'zosavuta kuganiza momwe wina amabwera ndi lingaliro lomanga chinthu kapena kupanga njira yopangira, koma sangathe kuchita. Komabe, wina amaphunzira za lingalirolo ndikugwiritsa ntchito lingalirolo. Ndi uti mwa iwo amene ayenera kulandira patent?

Lemelson sanachitepo ndi zomanga zomanga, ma prototypes, kapena ngakhale kampani yomwe ikukwaniritsa zomwe wapanga. Ili silinali lingaliro lomwe anali nalo pantchito. Umu si mmene ankadziwira udindo wa woyambitsa zinthu. Ulamuliro wa patent waku America sanafune kukhazikitsidwa kwamalingaliro, koma kufotokozera koyenera.

Posaka patent yofunika kwambiri ...

"Jerry" adagawa chuma chake kumlingo waukulu Lemelson Foundation, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1993 ndi mkazi wake Dorothy. Cholinga chawo chinali kuthandiza kulimbikitsa zopanga ndi zatsopano, kulimbikitsa ndi kuphunzitsa mibadwo yotsatira ya oyambitsa, ndi kuwapatsa zipangizo zosinthira malingaliro kukhala mabizinesi ndi matekinoloje amalonda.

Maziko apanga mapulogalamu angapo olimbikitsa ndi kukonzekeretsa achinyamata kupanga, kupanga ndi kugulitsa matekinoloje atsopano. Ntchito yawo inalinso kupanga chidziwitso cha anthu za ntchito yomwe opanga, opanga ndi amalonda amachita pothandizira ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zachuma cha mayiko awo, komanso kupanga moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mu 2002, Lemelson Foundation idakhazikitsa pulogalamu yapadziko lonse yokhudzana ndi izi.

Mu 1996, Lemelson atadwala khansa ya m'chiwindi, adachita mwanjira yake - adayamba kufunafuna zopanga ndi umisiri wamankhwala omwe angachize khansa yamtunduwu. M'chaka chomaliza cha moyo wake, adalemba pafupifupi mafomu makumi anayi a patent. Tsoka ilo, khansa si bungwe lomwe limapita kukhothi kuti likhazikitsidwe mwachangu.

"Jerry" anamwalira pa October 1, 1997.