Kupezeka kwa makhiristo a nthawi yatsopano
Mtundu wachilendo wa zinthu wotchedwa crystal nthawi posachedwapa wawonekera m'malo awiri atsopano. Asayansi apanga kristalo wotere mu monoammonium phosphate, monga momwe adafotokozera mu May magazini a Physical Review Letters, ndipo gulu lina lapanga mu sing'anga yamadzimadzi yokhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tooneka ngati nyenyezi, bukuli linawonekera mu Physical Review.
Mosiyana ndi zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino, nthawi ya kristalo kuchokera ku monoammonium phosphate, idapangidwa kuchokera ku chinthu cholimba chokhala ndi dongosolo lolamulidwa, i.e. kristalo wachikhalidwe. Zina mwazinthu zomwe makhiristo amapangidwa mpaka pano zasokonekera. Asayansi adapanga nthawi yoyamba makhiristo mu 2016. Chimodzi mwa izo chinapangidwa kuchokera ku diamondi yolakwika, chinacho chinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito tcheni cha ayoni a ytterbium.
Makhiristo wamba monga mchere ndi quartz ndi zitsanzo za tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono. Maatomu awo amapanga dongosolo lobwerezabwereza lodziwika kwa asayansi kwa zaka zambiri. Makristasi a nthawi ndi osiyana. Ma atomu awo nthawi ndi nthawi amanjenjemera poyamba mbali imodzi ndiyeno mbali ina, amasangalala ndi mphamvu ya maginito (resonance). Amatchedwa "tiki".
Kugwedeza mu nthawi ya kristalo kumakhala mkati mwafupipafupi, ngakhale kuti ma pulse omwe amalumikizana amakhala ndi ma resonance osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ma atomu mu nthawi ya makhiristo anaphunzira mu kuyesa kwa chaka chatha anazungulira pafupipafupi theka la pafupipafupi kugunda kwa maginito akugwira ntchito pa iwo.
Asayansi amati kumvetsetsa makhiristo a nthawi kungapangitse kusintha kwa mawotchi a atomiki, ma gyroscopes ndi magnetometers, ndikuthandizira kupanga teknoloji ya quantum. Bungwe la US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) lalengeza zandalama zofufuzira chimodzi mwazinthu zodabwitsa zomwe asayansi apeza m'zaka zaposachedwa.
- wamkulu wa pulogalamu ya DARPA adauza Gizmodo, Dr. Rosa Alehanda Lukashev. Tsatanetsatane wa maphunzirowa ndi achinsinsi, adatero. Munthu angangonena kuti uwu ndi mbadwo watsopano wa mawotchi a atomiki, osavuta komanso okhazikika kuposa ma laboratory ovuta omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano. Monga mukudziwa, zowerengera zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ambiri ankhondo, kuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, GPS.
Wopambana Mphoto ya Nobel Frank Wilczek
Nthawi isanapezeke makristalo, adapangidwa mwachidziwitso. Linapangidwa zaka zingapo zapitazo ndi American, Nobel laureate. Frank Wilczek. Mwachidule, lingaliro lake ndikuphwanya symmetry, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kusintha kwa gawo. Komabe, mu ongoyerekeza nthawi makhiristo, symmetry akanatha kusweka osati mu miyeso ya malo atatu, komanso wachinayi - mu nthawi. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha Wilczek, makhiristo osakhalitsa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe obwereza osati mumlengalenga mokha komanso munthawi yake. Vuto ndiloti izi zikutanthauza kugwedezeka kwa maatomu mu crystal lattice, i.e. kuyenda popanda magetsizimene akatswiri asayansi ankaziona kuti n’zosatheka komanso zosatheka.
Ngakhale sitikudziwabe makhiristo amene katswiri wotchuka ankafuna, ndipo mwina sadzatero, mu 2016 akatswiri a sayansi ya sayansi ku yunivesite ya Maryland ndi Harvard University anamanga "discontinuous" (kapena discrete) nthawi. Awa ndi machitidwe a maatomu kapena ma ion omwe amawonetsa kusuntha kwapagulu komanso kuzungulira, kumachita ngati chinthu chatsopano chomwe sichinadziwike kale, chosagwirizana ndi zosokoneza pang'ono.
Ngakhale si zachilendo monga Prof. Wilczek, makhiristo omwe angopezeka kumene ndi osangalatsa mokwanira kukopa chidwi chankhondo. Ndipo zikuwoneka zofunikira mokwanira.
