Kulephera kwa injini ya petulo. Zizindikiro 5 za Kukonza Kwamtengo Wapatali

Ma injini a petulo amaonedwa kuti ndi opanda vuto ndipo madalaivala ambiri amawasankha chifukwa ndi otchipa kuyendetsa mumzinda. Zowona, amawotcha pang'ono panjira kuposa anzawo a dizilo, koma mtunda waufupi mu mzindawu sumawasangalatsa. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mayunitsi a petulo alibe zovuta ndipo zinthu zambiri zimatha kugunda chikwama chathu molimba. Zomwe zimapuma nthawi zambiri komanso momwe mungapewere kuwonongeka kwamtengo wapatali?

Ngati mu mayunitsi akale petulo palibe pafupifupi particulate fyuluta kapena "wiri misa", ndiye mu injini zamakono izi ndizofala kwambiri. Zinthu zambiri ndizofalanso ndi mayunitsi a dizilo, monga turbocharger, yomwe imatha kukhuthula chikwama cha eni ake amafuta ndi "wosuta". Ndi chiyani chinanso chomwe chingasokonezeke? Zoyenera kupereka chisamaliro chapadera?

Kuwonongeka kwa injini. Kuwonjeza kwa nthawi yachitsulo

Malinga ndi "akatswiri" ambiri, unyolo wanthawi ndi wamuyaya ndipo simuyenera kuyang'ana momwemo kuti musawononge chilichonse. Ngati makaniko anu ali ndi mafunso awa, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana wina yemwe sanaphunzirepo mwachindunji kuchokera kwa opanga. M'malo mwake, yankho lotere liyenera kuchepetsa kukana kwa injini ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwamuyaya, mwatsoka, zenizeni zidatsimikizira mwachangu mapulani ndi malonjezo a opanga magalimoto ndi magalimoto. Inde, nthawi ya unyolo imatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa lamba, koma ikafika kumapeto ndipo dalaivala amanyalanyaza ntchitoyo, posakhalitsa amatsazikana ndi injini. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri, kusintha ndondomeko ya nthawi ndi unyolo ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo madalaivala ambiri, pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, amagulitsa galimotoyo atangomva phokoso losokoneza. Choncho, pogula galimoto yogwiritsidwa ntchito yokhala ndi nthawi, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wake kuti mupewe ngozi yodula.

Onaninso: brake fluid. Zotsatira zowopsa za mayeso

M'mainjini ambiri, vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndi tensioner chain. Ntchito yake, kapena m'malo mwake pisitoni yapadera yomwe imayang'anira kupsinjika kwake, zimadalira kuthamanga kwamafuta. Ngati palibe kukakamiza kokwanira, chopondereza chimakonda kusunthira chammbuyo (makamaka ngati chiyima), motero amafooketsa unyolo. Ngati phokoso lalifupi lachitsulo limveka poyambitsa injini, unyolowo sunagwedezeke. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito galimotoyo sakonza vutolo panthawi yake, unyolo ukhoza kusweka kapena lamba wa nthawi akhoza kudumpha, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi msonkhano wa ma valve ndi pistoni.

Njira yokhayo yopewera zotsatira zazikuluzikulu sizongoyang'ana nthawi zonse, komanso m'malo mwa zigawo zonse ngati kuphwanya kulikonse kumapezeka. Mwachilengedwe, zida zonse ziyenera kusinthidwa, kuphatikiza zolimbitsa thupi, zowongolera, magiya, ndi zina. Mtengo? Izi makamaka zimadalira injini ndi zovuta kupeza makina a nthawi. Nthawi zambiri mumayenera kuwerengera mtengo wa PLN 1500, ngakhale nthawi zambiri mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala wokwera mpaka PLN 10.

Kuwonongeka kwa injini. mphete zotha komanso zosalongosoka

Chinthu china chomwe chimayenera kuonjezera moyo wa magawo oyendetsa galimoto ndikuwapanga kukhala "kukonza kwaulere", ndipo zotsatira zake zinayambitsa mavuto ndi mutu kwa dalaivala. Tikukamba za mphete za pistoni zomwe zimachepetsedwa kuti zichepetse kukana kwa mkati mwa injini. Inde, coefficient of friction idachepetsedwa, koma izi zidasanduka zotsatira zoyipa - kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo laling'ono komanso mawonekedwe osakhwima adayambitsa kuyamwa kosayenera kwa mafuta, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti achepe kwambiri - ngakhale lita imodzi pamakilomita 1000 aliwonse adayenda. Ngati dalaivala sanayankhe nthawi yake ndipo samayang'ana nthawi zonse kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi momwe ma pistoni, masilindala ndi mphete, zingakhalire, izi zingayambitse kuthamanga kwa mphamvu yamagetsi.

Zizindikiro? Izi ndizodziwikiratu - kutayika kwachangu kwamafuta pakalibe kutayikira, utsi wabuluu kuchokera ku chitoliro chopopera pambuyo pake, kugwira ntchito mokweza kwa gawo lamagetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ambiri. Komabe, ngati zizindikiro zomalizazi zichitika, gawo la kugwidwa kwa injini limakhala lovuta kwambiri. Choncho, m’poyenera kuchitapo kanthu pasadakhale. Kuti muchotse vutoli kwamuyaya, mwachitsanzo, mu mayunitsi a TSI, ndikofunikira kusintha ma pistoni kukhala mphete zazikulu zomwe zilibe vuto ndi kukhetsa mafuta. Tsoka ilo, mtengo wa opaleshoni yoterewu umachokera ku PLN 5000 mpaka 10 zikwi.

Kuwonongeka kwa injini. Kusungidwa kwa ma depositi a carbon

Chinanso chotsatira pakuwongolera injini kuchokera pamalingaliro achilengedwe. Ngakhale pali zowonjezera zambiri mu injini za dizilo, zimasungidwa pang'ono m'mainjini akale amafuta. Komabe, kukonzanso kwamphamvu kwa gasi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo powongolera mipweya yotulutsa mpweya kuti ibwererenso mumayendedwe kuti achepetse kutentha kwawo ndi phula ndi mwaye. Pamene m'mainjini okhala ndi jekeseni wosadziwika bwino, zowononga zimakokoloka ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi petulo, izi sizingatheke ndi jakisoni wachindunji. Zotsatira zake? Kumangirira ndi kuletsa kuyenda kwa mpweya kumabweretsa kutayika kwa kukanikiza kwa injini, kutaya mphamvu ndi kutayika kwa chikhalidwe chogwirira ntchito. Mwachidule: injini mwamsanga kutaya katundu wake wapachiyambi ndi ntchito zoipa kwambiri m'mbali zonse.

Zizindikiro zimakhala zosavuta kuzizindikira, chifukwa, monga tanenera kale, injiniyo imathamanga kwambiri - mokweza, imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, imagwedezeka, ndi zina zotero. kuyeretsa kapena kusintha cholowera. Njira yoyamba ndiyosavuta ndipo imakhala kufewetsa mwaye ndi mankhwala apadera, ndiyeno kuyamwa zonyansa. Iyi ndi njira yotsika mtengo, koma yosadalirika komanso yowopsa. Ndi bwino kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira kuyeretsa, mwachitsanzo, cholowera, mutu, ma valve, ndi zina zotero. Mtengo wa njira yoyamba ndi mazana angapo a PLN, njira yachiwiri ndi yodalirika, koma yokwera mtengo - mpaka 2000 PLN. .

Kuwonongeka kwa injini. Zida zamagetsi zolakwika monga masensa, gawo lowongolera injini, ma coil poyatsira

Masensa ambiri ndi mliri wa madalaivala. Pali ambiri a iwo ndipo aliyense ali ndi udindo pa magawo osiyanasiyana, ndipo ngati imodzi yalephera, mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi zambiri imasiya kugwira ntchito bwino, imatuluka, imapita kumalo odzidzimutsa, ndi zina zotero. Tikukamba za crankshaft position sensors, camshaft position, detonation, air mass nthawi zambiri amatchedwa flow mita kapena lambda probe. Tsoka ilo, masensa amalephera nthawi zambiri, makamaka ngati amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta.

Ngati sensa ikulephera, musaichepetse, chotsani zolakwika, mapulagi, ndi zina zotero. Sensa yowonongeka iyenera kusinthidwa, popeza kusinthika ndi kukonzanso sizingatheke. Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wosinthira siwochulukira - nthawi zambiri umachokera ku PLN 100 mpaka PLN 300. Zotsatira za kunyalanyaza kulephera kwa sensa ndikuyesera kuzilambalala zingakhale zovuta kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zina za injini ndi zipangizo zake.

Ngati tilankhula za zamagetsi, ndiye kuti kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso kokwera mtengo kudzakhala kuwonongeka kwa wowongolera magalimoto. Zizindikiro zambiri kubwera mwadzidzidzi ndipo zigwirizana ndi mavuto kuyambira unit, osagwira ntchito bwino, undulating, etc. Pali zifukwa zambiri: kuchokera unsembe watsopano wa HBO, kuwonongeka chifukwa kuvala, kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoipa monga kutentha kapena chinyezi, etc. Dalaivala akhoza kusinthidwanso ngati vuto liri, mwachitsanzo, -1500 PLN.

Kulephera kwa ma coil oyatsa kumakhalanso okwera mtengo, nthawi zambiri kumawonetsedwa ndi injini yosagwira ntchito (rpm), kutayika kwamagetsi, kuyatsa kwa injini, kapena zovuta kuyambitsa gawo loyendetsa. Ngati ma coils awonongeka, ayenera kusinthidwa ndi atsopano - mtengo wake ndi pafupifupi mazana angapo zł pa chidutswa.

Kuwonongeka kwa injini. Mavuto ndi ma turbocharger

Mutha kulemba mabuku okhudzana ndi zovuta za turbo. Ndi ntchito yoyenera ndi kukonza, amatha makilomita zikwi mazanamazana, kuyendetsa galimoto mosadziwa, kuyesetsa ndi pulogalamu yosinthidwa, kusowa chisamaliro cha kuziziritsa bwino ndi mafuta "kutha" turbocharger pambuyo pa makilomita zikwi zingapo. makilomita. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino galimoto ya turbocharged? Osathamangitsa injini mwachangu kwambiri, pewani kuyimitsa galimoto nthawi yomweyo mutayenda ulendo wautali kapena wosunthika, gwiritsani ntchito mafuta oyenerera, sinthani mafuta pafupipafupi, ndi zina zambiri.

Zizindikiro zoyamba zomwe zitha kuzindikirika poyendetsa ndikuwonjezera phokoso la injini ikayatsidwa. Nthawi zambiri, phokoso limawoneka mozungulira 1500-2000 rpm. Ngati imveka bwino, yachitsulo, ndi bwino kuyang'ana turbine mu msonkhano wa akatswiri. Kuchotsa mipata yoyambira kapena kubwezeretsanso mtengo wa turbine kuchokera ku 500 mpaka 1500 PLN. Ngati turbine iyenera kusinthidwa, ndalama zimawonjezeka kangapo. Komabe, ngati turbine yawonongeka ndipo zigawo zake zimalowa mkati mwa galimotoyo, injini ikhoza kuonongeka kwathunthu.

Onaninso: Kia Stonic mu mayeso athu