Abambo a Silicon Valley - Hewlett ndi Packard
Ngati wina akuyenera kukhala apainiya a ku California's Silicon Valley, ndithudi ndi njonda ziwirizi (1). Ndi kuchokera kwa iwo ndi ntchito yawo, Hewlett-Packard, kuti lingaliro lazoyambira zaukadaulo kuyambira mugalaja limabwera. Chifukwa adayambira mu garaja yomwe, mpaka lero, idagulidwa ndikubwezeretsedwa ndi HP, imayima ngati malo okopa alendo ku Palo Alto.
CV: William Redington Hewlett David Packard
Tsiku lobadwa: Hewlett - 20.05.1913/12.01.2001/07.09.1912 (Kusinthidwa 26.03.1996/XNUMX/XNUMX) David Packard - XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX (Kusinthidwa XNUMX/XNUMX/XNUMX)
Nzika: Amereka
Banja: Hewlett - wokwatira, ana asanu; Packard - wokwatira, ana anayi
Mwayi: onse anali ndi pafupifupi $XNUMX biliyoni ya HP panthawi yomwe amamwalira
Maphunziro: Hewlett - Lowell High School ku San Francisco, Stanford University; Packard - Centennial High School ku Pueblo, Colorado, Stanford University
Chidziwitso: Oyambitsa a Hewlett-Packard ndi mamembala anthawi yayitali autsogoleri (m'malo osiyanasiyana)
Zina zopambana: olandila Mendulo ya IEEE Founders ndi mphotho zina zambiri zaukadaulo ndi masiyanidwe; Packard adapatsidwanso Mendulo ya Ufulu wa Purezidenti waku US ndikulembetsa limodzi mwa magawo oyamba a intaneti, HP.com.
Zokonda: Hewlett - njira; Packard - njira zatsopano zoyendetsera kampani, zachifundo
Oyambitsa HP - Dave Packard ndi William "Bill" Hewlett - Anakumana ku yunivesite ya Stanford, kumene m'zaka za m'ma 30, gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa Frederick Terman linapanga zipangizo zamagetsi zoyamba.
Anagwirira ntchito limodzi bwino, choncho ataphunzira ku yunivesite anaganiza zoyamba kupanga majenereta olondola a mawu m’galaja la Hewlett.
Mu January 1939 iwo pamodzi anapanga kampaniyo Hewlett-Packard. Jenereta yomvera ya HP200A inali ntchito yopindulitsa.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa babu ngati chopinga muzinthu zazikulu zozungulira kumatanthauza kuti katunduyo akhoza kugulitsidwa mocheperapo kusiyana ndi zipangizo zofanana za mpikisano.
Zokwanira kunena kuti HP200A idawononga $ 54,40, pomwe ma oscillator a chipani chachitatu amawononga ndalama zosachepera kanayi.
Amuna awiriwa adapeza mwachangu kasitomala pazogulitsa zawo, popeza Walt Disney Company idagwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe adapanga popanga filimu yotchuka "Fantasy".
Chigwa chikhalidwe
Mwachiwonekere, dongosolo la mayina mu dzina la kampani liyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuponyedwa kwa ndalama. Packard adapambana koma pamapeto pake adavomera kutenga udindo Hewlett. Pokumbukira chiyambi cha kampaniyi, Packard adati panthawiyo adalibe lingaliro lalikulu lomwe lingawapangitse kuti alemere ndi kupambana kwawo.
M'malo mwake, anali kuganiza za kupereka zinthu zomwe zinali zisanagulitsidwe, koma zinali zofunika. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, zinadziwika kuti boma la United States linali kufunafuna majenereta ndi ma voltmeters amene amuna onsewa akanatha kupanga. Iwo ali ndi madongosolo.
Mgwirizano ndi gulu lankhondo unali wopambana komanso wobala zipatso kotero kuti pambuyo pake, mu 1969. Packard adasiya kampaniyo kwakanthawi kuti akakhale Wachiwiri kwa Secretary of Defense muulamuliro wa Purezidenti Richard Nixon.
Kuyambira pomwe adakhalapo, HP Dave Packard adakhazikika pazantchito zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka kampani, pomwe William Hewlett adayang'ana mbali yaukadaulo pakufufuza ndi chitukuko.
Kale m'zaka zankhondo, Packard kulibe Hewlett, amene anamaliza ntchito ya usilikali, anayesa dongosolo la ntchito mu kampani. Anasiya ndandanda yantchito yokhwima ndikupatsa antchito ufulu wowonjezereka. Utsogoleri mu kampaniyo unayamba kutsika, mtunda pakati pa oyang'anira ndi antchito unachepetsedwa.
Chikhalidwe china chamakampani cha Silicon Valley chidabadwa, chomwe Hewlett ndi Packard iye anali mayi woyambitsa, ndipo omulenga anali kuonedwa ngati atate. Kwa zaka zambiri, HP yapanga makamaka zida zamagetsi za opanga zamagetsi ndi malo ofufuza ndi chitukuko.
Choyamba, chinali zida zapamwamba zoyezera - oscilloscopes, voltmeters, analyzer spectrum, majenereta amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kampaniyo yachita bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi, idayambitsa njira zambiri zatsopano komanso zopangira zovomerezeka.
Zida zoyezera zidapangidwa kuti zizikhala zokwera kwambiri (kuphatikiza microwave), semiconductor ndi ukadaulo wophatikizika wozungulira. Panali misonkhano yosiyana yopangira zida za microwave, ma semiconductors, kuphatikiza mabwalo ophatikizika ndi ma microprocessors, ndi ma optoelectronics.
Ma workshop adapangidwa kuti apange zida zamankhwala zamagetsi (mwachitsanzo, oyang'anira mtima kapena electrocardiographs), komanso zida zoyezera ndi zowunikira zofunikira za sayansi, mwachitsanzo. mpweya, madzi ndi misa spectrometers. Ma laboratories akuluakulu ndi malo ofufuza, kuphatikizapo NASA, DARPA, MIT ndi CERN, adakhala makasitomala a kampaniyo.
Mu 1957, magawo a kampaniyo adalembedwa pa New York Stock Exchange. Posakhalitsa, HP idagwirizana ndi Sony ndi Yokogawa Electric yaku Japan kuti apange ndikupanga zida zamagetsi zapamwamba kwambiri pamsika wa ogula.
"Munthawi ya 1955 mpaka 1965. Hewlett-Packard mwina inali kampani yayikulu kwambiri m'mbiri," akutero Michael S. Malone, wolemba mabuku onena za ngwazi za ku Silicon Valley (3). "Anali ndi luso lofanana ndi lomwe Apple anali nalo kwa zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo inali kampani yabwino kwambiri ya antchito ku United States yomwe ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri."
1. Dave Packard wamkulu ndi Bill Hewlett
3. William Hewlett ndi David Packard mu 50s.
Makompyuta kapena ma calculator
Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za m'ma 60, HP inatembenukira ku msika wamakompyuta. Mu 1966, kompyuta ya HP 2116A (4) idapangidwa, yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera zida zoyezera. Patapita zaka ziwiri, adawonekera pamsika. Hewlett-Packard 9100A, yomwe patapita zaka zambiri idatchulidwa ndi magazini ya Wired ngati kompyuta yoyamba (6).
6. Hewlett-Packard 9100A calculator kompyuta
Komabe, wopanga mwiniwakeyo sanatanthauze izi, akutcha makina owerengera. "Tikayitcha kuti kompyuta, makasitomala athu amakompyuta sakanakonda chifukwa sichimawoneka ngati IBM," adatero Hewlett pambuyo pake.
Yokhala ndi chowunikira, chosindikizira komanso kukumbukira maginito, 9100A sinali yosiyana kwambiri ndi ma PC omwe timakonda masiku ano. Yoyamba "yeniyeni" kompyuta payekha Hewlett-Packard komabe, sanatulutse mpaka 1980. Iye sanachite bwino.
Makinawa sanali ogwirizana ndi muyezo wa IBM PC womwe udali waukulu panthawiyo. Komabe, izi sizinalepheretse kampaniyo kuyesanso msika wamakompyuta. Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti mu 1976 kampaniyo idapeputsa makina apakompyuta omwe adabwera nawo ...
Steve Wozniak. Zitangochitika izi, adayambitsa Apple ndi Steve Jobs, yemwe William Hewlett mwiniwake adamuyesa ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri ngati mwana waluso kwambiri! "Mmodzi amapambana, winayo atayika," Hewlett adayankhapo ndemanga pa kuchoka kwa Wozniak komanso kuoneka kwa antchito ake kusowa kwa bizinesi.
Pamakompyuta, HP idalola Apple kuti idutse. Komabe, chofunika kwambiri Hewlett-Packard m'gulu la zowerengera zam'thumba, palibe amene ali ndi mafunso. Mu 1972, chowerengera choyamba cha thumba cha sayansi cha HP-35 (2) chinapangidwa.
M'zaka zotsatira, kampaniyo idakula pang'onopang'ono: chowerengera choyambirira cham'thumba komanso chowerengera choyamba chosinthika cha zilembo za alphanumeric. Anali akatswiri a HP, pamodzi ndi anzawo ochokera ku Sony, omwe adabweretsa ku msika floppy disk ya 3,5-inch, yomwe inali yatsopano panthawiyo ndipo inasintha malo osungiramo zinthu.
Osindikiza Hewlett-Packard amaonedwa kuti ndi wosawonongeka. Kampaniyo idapikisana paudindo wa mtsogoleri wamsika wa IT ndi IBM, Compaq ndi Dell. Zikhale momwe zingakhalire, pambuyo pake HP adapambana msika osati ndi zomwe adapanga. Mwachitsanzo, adapeza luso losindikiza la laser m'zaka za m'ma 70 kuchokera ku kampani ya ku Japan ya Canon, yomwe sinayamikire lingaliro lake.
Ndicho chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha chisankho choyenera cha bizinesi ndi kuzindikira kuthekera kwa njira yatsopano yothetsera vutoli, HP tsopano ndi yotchuka kwambiri pamsika wosindikiza makompyuta. Kumayambiriro kwa 1984, adayambitsa HP ThinkJet, chosindikizira chotsika mtengo, ndipo patatha zaka zinayi, HP DeskJet.
2. HP-35 Calculator 1972.
4. 2116A - kompyuta yoyamba ya Hewlett-Packard
Gawani ndikuphatikiza
Chifukwa cha zomwe akuluakulu aboma adachita motsutsana ndi kampaniyo pamilandu yodziyimira pawokha, kampaniyo idagawika mu 1999 ndipo gulu lodziyimira pawokha, Agilent Technologies, lidapangidwa kuti litenge zopanga zopanda makompyuta.
Today Hewlett-Packard makamaka opanga makina osindikizira, masikena, makamera a digito, makompyuta am'manja, maseva, malo ogwirira ntchito apakompyuta, ndi makompyuta anyumba ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.
Makompyuta ambiri amunthu ndi zolemba mu mbiri ya HP amachokera ku Compaq, yomwe idalumikizana ndi HP mu 2002, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yopanga kwambiri PC panthawiyo.
Chaka chokhazikitsidwa cha Agilent Technologies Hewlett-Packard inali yamtengo wapatali $8 biliyoni ndipo inali ndi ntchito 47. anthu. Nthawi yomweyo (kachiwiri) idalembedwa pamalonda amasheya ndipo idadziwika kuti ndiyoyamba kwambiri ku Silicon Valley.
Madzulo?
Chaka chomwecho, Carly Fiorina, mtsogoleri woyamba wamkazi wa makampani akuluakulu a boma ku US, adayang'anira likulu la kampani ya Palo Alto. Tsoka ilo, izi zidachitika panthawi yamavuto azachuma chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa intaneti.
5. Hewlett-Packard Research Center ku France
Idatsutsidwanso chifukwa chophatikizana ndi Compaq, pomwe zidawululidwa kuti kuphatikiza kwamakampani awiri amphamvu kudabweretsa mavuto akulu m'malo mosunga ndalama.
Izi zinapitirira mpaka 2005, pamene akuluakulu a kampaniyo anamupempha kuti asiye ntchito.
Kuyambira pamenepo ntchito Hewlett ndi Packard thana ndi kusintha chimwemwe. Pambuyo pavutoli, CEO watsopano Mark Hurd adayambitsa draconian austerity, zomwe zidasintha zotsatira za kampaniyo.
Chotsatiracho, komabe, chinagwira bwino m'misika yachikhalidwe, kujambula zolephera zina zochititsa chidwi m'madera atsopano - izi zinatha, mwachitsanzo, kuyesa kulowa msika wa piritsi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kampaniyo yasintha kasamalidwe kake kawiri, osapeza zotsatira zomwe zikuyembekezeka. Nkhani zambiri posachedwapa ndizakuti HP ikufuna kutuluka pamsika wa PC, monga IBM, yomwe idatulutsa bizinesi yake ya PC kenako ndikuigulitsa kwa Lenovo.
Koma ambiri omwe amawona zochitika za Silicon Valley amatsutsa kuti magwero amavuto a HP ayenera kutsatiridwa kale kwambiri kuposa zomwe mamenenjala aposachedwa adachita. Kale, m'zaka za m'ma 90, kampaniyo idapangidwa makamaka kudzera muzochita zamabizinesi, kupeza ndi kuchepetsa mtengo, osati - monga kale, m'maboma. Packard ndi Hewlett - popanga zida zatsopano zomwe anthu ndi makampani amafunikira.
Hewlett ndi Packard anamwalira nkhani zonse zomwe zili pamwambazi zisanayambe kuchitika m'gulu lawo. Womaliza anamwalira mu 1996, woyamba mu 2001. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, chikhalidwe chachindunji, chokomera antchito chokhala ndi dzina lachikhalidwe, HP Way, chidayamba kuzimiririka mukampani. Nthanoyo imakhalabe. Ndipo garaja yamatabwa momwe achinyamata awiri okonda zamagetsi adasonkhanitsa majenereta awo oyamba.
