Kuchokera pa njinga ya olumala kupita ku roadster, dziko losangalatsa la magalimoto amagetsi!

Palibe kuthawa galimoto yamagetsi. Zonse zomwe zachitika m'zaka zisanu zapitazi sizitilola kuganiza mosiyana: magalimoto amagetsi ali panjira, ndipo sangathe kuyimitsidwa. Tikuwonetsani momwe mungakonzekerere!

Kuyambira mwana wokondedwa mpaka vuto

Pamene galimotoyo inali yokonzekera kupanga zochuluka pafupifupi zaka 100 zapitazo, izo zinatanthauza kusintha kwenikweni. Tsopano ndizotheka kuyenda kulikonse, nthawi iliyonse komanso ndi aliyense. Kavalo kapena njanji sizikanatha kupikisana ndi kusinthasintha kosaneneka kwa galimoto. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, chidwi cha galimoto sichinathe.

Komabe, palinso vuto: galimoto imadya mafuta amadzimadzi mu mawonekedwe a dizilo kapena petulo, zonse zomwe ndi mafuta a petroleum . Mafuta amawotchedwa ndikumasulidwa ku chilengedwe. Kwa nthawi yaitali palibe amene ankasamala. Tsopano ndizovuta kulingalira, m'zaka makumi oyambirira a ntchito ya galimoto, mafuta otsogolera anali abwinobwino. Ma megatoni a chitsulo chowopsa ichi adawonjezeredwa kumafuta ndikutulutsidwa m'chilengedwe ndi injini. Masiku ano, chifukwa cha teknoloji yamakono yoyeretsa gasi, izi ndi zakale.

Komabe, magalimoto akupitiriza kutulutsa poizoni: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, mwaye particles, particulate matter. ndi zinthu zina zambiri zovulaza zimalowa m’chilengedwe. Makampani opanga magalimoto amadziwa izi - ndipo akuchita zolakwika kwambiri: Vuto la dizilo la Volkswagen - Umboni woti makampani alibe chidwi komanso luso lopanga magalimoto kukhala oyera.

Njira imodzi yokha yopangira ziro

Galimoto yamtundu umodzi wokha imayendetsa bwino komanso yopanda mpweya: galimoto yamagetsi . Galimoto yamagetsi ilibe injini yoyaka mkati ndipo chifukwa chake simatulutsa mpweya wapoizoni. Magalimoto amagetsi ali ndi nambala ubwino wina poyerekeza ndi injini kuyaka mkati, komanso zolakwa zina .

Njira zoyendetsera magetsi zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira pachiyambi. Ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, oyambitsa oyambirira ankaona kuti galimoto yamagetsi ndi tsogolo la mafakitale ang'onoang'ono a magalimoto. Komabe, injini yoyaka yamkati inkalamulira, ngakhale magalimoto amagetsi sanazimiririke. Vuto lawo lalikulu linali batire. Mabatire otsogolera, okhawo omwe analipo kwa zaka makumi angapo, anali olemetsa kwambiri pakuyenda kwamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuthekera kwawo sikunali kokwanira kuwagwiritsa ntchito mwachuma. Kwa nthawi yayitali, dziko la magalimoto amagetsi linali lochepa ngolo za gofu, ma scooters ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono .

Lifiyamu Ion Mabatire chidakhala chopambana. Ma drive a Ultra-compact awa adapangidwira mafoni am'manja ndi laputopu ndipo posakhalitsa adagonjetsa dziko la batri. Iwo anali nkhonya ya imfa nickel cadmium mabatire : nthawi zazifupi zolipiritsa, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo, makamaka, kusakumbukira kapena kufa kwa batri chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwakuzama kunali mwayi waukulu waukadaulo wa lithiamu-ion. . Bilionea wachinyamata waku California adabwera ndi lingaliro losintha ma batire mapaketi ndikuwayika m'galimoto yamagetsi. Tesla ndithudi ndi mpainiya mu magalimoto amagetsi a lithiamu-ion.

Podukapo: Choka

Palibe kukaikira: masiku a injini yoyaka mkati yonunkha ndi mphamvu zake zochepa amawerengedwa. Ma injini a petulo ndi dizilo afa, sakudziwabe. M'malo a labotale, injini zoyendera mafuta zimafika 40% mphamvu . Dizilo amapeza maperesenti atatu ochulukirapo, koma izi zikutanthauza chiyani?

Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale injini idling pansi pa mikhalidwe mulingo woyenera ndi liwiro labwino amataya 57-60% mphamvu zake kudzera mu radiation yotentha.

Kuchita bwino injini yoyaka mkati choyipa kwambiri mgalimoto. Kufunda ziyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse ku injini . Mwachikhazikitso, izi zimachitika ndi njira yoziziritsira madzi. Makina ozizira ndi ozizira amawonjezera kulemera kwagalimoto. Pamapeto pake, injini zoyatsira mkati sizimayenda mwachangu kwambiri - m'malo mwake. Nthawi zambiri, galimoto imathamanga kwambiri kapena kuthamanga kwambiri. Izo zikutanthauza kuti pamene galimoto idya mafuta okwana 10 malita pa 100 km, malita 3,5 okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda. . Malita asanu ndi limodzi ndi theka amafuta amasinthidwa kukhala kutentha ndikuwotchedwa ku chilengedwe.

Kumbali ina, ma motors amagetsi kukhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi wamba ndi 74% m'ma labotale ndipo nthawi zambiri safuna kuziziritsa kwamadzi owonjezera. Ma motors amagetsi ali ndi mathamangitsidwe abwinoko kuposa ma injini oyatsira mkati. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa rpm umayenda bwino pamagalimoto amagetsi kuposa muma injini amafuta ndi dizilo. Pankhani ya mphamvu, injini yamagetsi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa injini yoyaka moto yamkati.

Tekinoloje yakusintha: hybrid

Galimoto yophatikiza si chinthu chatsopano. Mu 1920, Ferdinand Porsche anayesa lingaliro loyendetsa. Komabe, panthawiyo komanso zaka makumi angapo zotsatira, palibe amene akuwoneka kuti adayamikira ubwino wa lingaliro ili la injini ziwiri.
Galimoto yosakanizidwa ndi galimoto yokhala ndi injini ziwiri: injini yoyaka mkati ndi mota yamagetsi. . Pali kusiyana kwakukulu momwe ma drive onsewa amalumikizirana.

С Chofunika Toyota adapangitsa kuti haibriditi ipezeke kwa anthu ambiri. Galimoto yamagetsi ndi injini yoyaka mkati imagwirizana ndi ntchito yawo yoyendetsa. Dalaivala amatha kusintha kuchokera kumafuta kupita kumagetsi nthawi iliyonse. Ntchitoyi ikuwonetsa kale maubwino ambiri: Kutsika kwamafuta amafuta, kuyendetsa modekha kwambiri komanso chithunzi choyera zinali zinthu zofunika kwambiri zogulitsa za hybrid. .

Lingaliro lapachiyambi linabala zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana : ma plug-in ma hybrids amakulolani kuti muzilipiritsa batire lanu m'garaja yakunyumba kwanu . Zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi magalimoto amagetsi omwe amatchedwa " kuwonjezera mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu ". Awa ndi magalimoto amagetsi okha omwe ali ndi injini yaying'ono yoyaka mkati yomwe imayendetsa batire poyendetsa mothandizidwa ndi jenereta. Ndi ukadaulo uwu, kuyenda koyera kwamagetsi kumakhala pafupi kwambiri. Magalimoto a Hybrid ayenera kuwonedwa ngati ukadaulo wosinthira pakati pa injini zoyatsira mkati ndi ma mota amagetsi. Pambuyo pake, magalimoto amagetsi ndi tsogolo.

Panopa Akupezeka

Kuyenda kwamagetsi ndiye chinthu choyamba komanso chofunikira kwambiri pakufufuza ndi chitukuko paukadaulo wokhudzana ndi magalimoto. Kupatula Apainiya aku America , kupsinjika kwakukulu pamsika kudachitika Chitchainizi. Kale, atatu mwa opanga magalimoto amagetsi ochita bwino kwambiri amachokera ku Middle Kingdom. Ngati onjezerani Nissan и Toyota , Anthu aku Asia pakali pano ali ndi theka la msika wapadziko lonse wamagalimoto amagetsi. Ngakhale Tesla akadali mtsogoleri wamsika, zovuta zachikhalidwe monga Bmw и Volkswagen , adzamupezadi. Sipekitiramu yomwe ilipo ndi yotakata. Kuchokera pamainjini oyatsira moto kupita pamagalimoto amagetsi, pali galimoto ya aliyense.

Pakali pano, magalimoto amagetsi amavutikabe ndi zovuta zazikulu zitatu: kutalika kwaufupi, malo ochepa opangira magetsi, ndi nthawi yayitali yolipiritsa. . Koma, monga tanena kale: kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chikupitirirabe .

Kusankha nthawi yoyenera

Zolimbikitsa kuyenda kwamagetsi zilipo padziko lonse lapansi. Pulogalamu yotchedwa Plug-in Car Grant ku UK yakulitsidwa mpaka 2018. Zomwe zidzachitike pambuyo pake sizikudziwikabe. Magalimoto ophatikiza makamaka pulagi-mu hybrids , nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi injini zoyatsira zamkati zazing'ono, zomwe zimapereka phindu lalikulu la msonkho.
Kusankhidwa kwa magalimoto amagetsi okha kukukulirakulira. Mibadwo yaposachedwa ipezeka posachedwa gofu , Polo и Anzeru, akugwira ntchito pamagetsi okha.
Msika wamakono ndi wokondweretsa kwambiri ndikukula pamene tikulankhula. Kuchokera ku mtengo wotsika kwambiri Chitsanzo 3 , TESLAanatsimikiziranso kuti anali mpainiya. Magalimoto amagetsi otsika mtengo, othandiza komanso osangalatsa apezeka posachedwa kuchokera kwa opanga onse.

Msika wa EV ukuwonekabe woyesera. BMW i3 yodula komanso yodula и chodabwitsa komanso chowala Renault Twizzy ndi zitsanzo ziwiri. Komabe, m'zaka zingapo, magalimoto amagetsi adzakhala ofala monga momwe angathere.

Kuyenda kwamagetsi ndi classic

Oyeretsa akwiyitsidwa ndi winanso Zochititsa chidwi kwambiri mu electromobility: makampani ochulukirachulukira amapereka kusintha magalimoto kuchokera ku injini zoyatsira mkati kukhala magetsi . Kampani Itanani wakhala akuchita kwa nthawi ndithu kukambirana za zitsanzo za Porsche . Gawoli limakhala lotsika mtengo komanso losinthika, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wopanga ma projekiti osangalatsa: kuyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi pamagalimoto apamwamba . Sangalalani ndi ubwino wa galimoto yamagetsi mu kukongola Nyamazi E-mtundu sikulinso maloto, ndipo tsopano akhoza kulamulidwa - pamaso pa ndalama.