Ntchito zazikulu ndi makhalidwe a kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa galimoto
Zamkatimu
Kuti mukhale otetezeka kwambiri pakuyendetsa, opanga ma automaker amasankha mozama njira zoyimitsira zodziyimira pawokha pa ekisi yakutsogolo.
Msewu siwokhala wosalala bwino: maenje, ming'alu, mabampu, maenje ndi mabwenzi osalekeza a oyendetsa. Kusagwirizana pang'ono kungayankhe kwa okwera, ngati panalibe kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo. Pamodzi ndi dongosolo lakumbuyo lakumbuyo, mapangidwewo amagwira ntchito kuti athetse zopinga zamsewu. Taganizirani mbali ya limagwirira, ntchito, mfundo ntchito.
Kodi kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwagalimoto ndi chiyani
Mawilo a galimoto amagwirizanitsidwa ndi thupi kudzera muzitsulo zosinthika - kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto. Chigawo chovuta komanso chogwirizana cha zigawo ndi zigawo mwakuthupi zimagwirizanitsa gawo losasunthika ndi sprung mass ya galimoto.
Koma makinawo amagwiranso ntchito zina:
- amasamutsira ku thupi mphindi zoyima ndi mphamvu zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cholumikizana ndi ma wheel propellers ndi msewu;
- amapereka kayendedwe koyenera kwa mawilo okhudzana ndi maziko othandizira makina;
- udindo wa chitetezo cha omwe akuyenda pagalimoto;
- zimapanga kuyenda kosalala komanso kuyenda kosavuta.
Kuthamanga ndichinthu chofunikira, koma kuyenda momasuka ndichinthu china chofunikira kuti apaulendo akhale ndi galimoto. Vuto la kukwera kofewa linathetsedwa ngakhale m'magalimoto okwera pamahatchi, mwa kuika mitsamiro pansi pa mipando yokwera. Dongosolo loyimitsidwa lachikale lotere m'magalimoto amakono onyamula anthu lasinthidwa kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwamagalimoto.
Kodi kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwagalimoto ndi chiyani
Alikuti
Zovuta za zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mbali ya galimotoyo. Chipangizochi chimagwirizanitsa matayala akutsogolo ndi mphamvu ya galimoto, mosasamala kanthu za kuyendetsa. Makinawa amamangiriridwa ndi kulumikizana kosunthika ndi mawilo akutsogolo ndi thupi (kapena chimango).
Kodi imakhala ndi chiyani
Zigawo zoyimitsidwa mu dongosolo lililonse la zida zimagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito:
- zotanuka zinthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo akasupe ndi akasupe, akasupe a mpweya ndi mipiringidzo ya torsion, komanso dampers mphira, zipangizo za hydropneumatic. Ntchito za ziwalozo ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa thupi, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kowongoka, kusunga kukhulupirika kwa mapiri olimba a kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto.
- Njira zowongolera. Izi ndizotalikirapo, zopingasa, zapawiri ndi zina, komanso ndodo za jet, zomwe zimatsimikizira mayendedwe otsetsereka panjira.
- Kuzimitsa zida zamagalimoto. Akasupe ophimbidwa amatha kugwedeza galimotoyo mmwamba ndi pansi kwa nthawi yayitali, koma choyimitsa chodzidzimutsa chimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwake.
Magawo oimitsidwa ali ndi gradation yayikulu. Koma gawo lalikulu limapita molingana ndi chipangizo cha njira zowongolera m'magulu atatu:
- kuyimitsidwa kodalira. Mawilo akutsogolo amalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi ekseli imodzi. Galimoto ikalowa m'dzenje ndi gudumu limodzi, ngodya yokhotakhota yamitundu yonse iwiri yolumikizana ndi ndege yopingasa imasintha. Zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa okwera: amaponyedwa uku ndi uku. Izi nthawi zina zimawonedwa pa SUVs ndi magalimoto.
- makina odziyimira pawokha. Gudumu lililonse la kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo limalimbana ndi mabampu amsewu palokha. Mukagunda mwala wonyezimira, kasupe wa tayala limodzi amapanikizidwa, zotanuka mbali inayo zimatambasulidwa. Ndipo mbali yonyamula ya galimotoyo imakhala ndi malo athyathyathya pamsewu.
- chipangizo chodziyimira pawokha. Dongosolo la torsion limalowetsedwa mu kapangidwe kake, komwe kamapindika ikagunda zopinga. Kumene kudalira kwa ma wheel propellers kumachepetsedwa.
Electromagnetic chosinthika, pneumatic ndi kuyimitsidwa kwina kwina ndi chimodzi mwazinthu izi.
Momwe ikugwirira ntchito
Kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwa galimoto kumapangitsa matayala kukhudzana ndi msewu ndi malo awo mumlengalenga. Imawongoleranso ndikukhazikitsa kayendedwe ka galimoto. Paulendo, zovuta zonse za zigawo ndi zigawo za chipangizocho zimakhudzidwa.
Kugwira ntchito kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa galimoto yakutsogolo (komanso kumbuyo) kumawoneka motere:
- Galimoto yagunda chopinga. Tayala lolumikizidwa ndi zida zina zoyimitsidwa limadumphira. Poyenda moyima, gudumu limasintha malo a ndodo, ma levers, nkhonya.
- Mphamvu yamphamvu yopezeka imadyetsedwa ku chotsitsa chododometsa. Kasupe wopuma amapanikizidwa atagunda mwala. Ndipo motero imatenga mphamvu yochokera ku galimotoyo kupita ku gawo lonyamulira la galimotoyo.
- Kuponderezedwa kwa kasupe kumayambitsa kusamuka kwa ndodo yododometsa. Kugwedezeka kumachepetsedwa ndi zitsulo za rabara-zitsulo.
- Pambuyo potengera kugwedezeka, kasupe, chifukwa cha thupi lake, amakhala pamalo ake oyambirira. Kuwongoka, gawolo limabwerera kumalo ake oyambirira ndi zigawo zina zonse za kuyimitsidwa.
Mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ya kuyimitsidwa kutsogolo kwagalimoto yonyamula anthu imachita chimodzimodzi.
Chithunzi chomanga
Kuti mukhale otetezeka kwambiri pakuyendetsa, opanga ma automaker amasankha mozama njira zoyimitsira zodziyimira pawokha pa ekisi yakutsogolo.
Zosankha zodziwika kwambiri:
- Lever iwiri. Chophimba cha zinthu zowongolera chimakhala ndi zida ziwiri za lever. M'mapangidwe awa, kayendetsedwe kake ka mawilo kumakhala kochepa: galimoto imapeza kukhazikika bwino, ndipo mphira umatha pang'ono.
- Multi-link. Ichi ndi chiwembu choganizira komanso chodalirika, chomwe chimadziwika ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kayendetsedwe kake komanso kusalala. Maulalo angapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto apakati komanso okwera mtengo.
- McPherson. Zamakono, zotsika mtengo, zosavuta kukonza ndi kukonza, "kandulo yogwedezeka" ndiyoyenera kuyendetsa kutsogolo ndi magalimoto oyendetsa kumbuyo. Chotsitsa chododometsa apa chimalumikizidwa ndi chimango champhamvu ndi hinge yotanuka. Gawolo limagwedezeka pamene galimoto ikuyenda, choncho dzina losadziwika la kuyimitsidwa.
Scheme of MacPherson struts pachithunzi:
MacPherson struts scheme
