Zinthu zazikulu ndi mfundo zoyendetsera kayendedwe ka kuyatsa kwamagalimoto

Ndizotheka kuyendetsa galimoto madzulo komanso usiku, komanso kuwoneka kovuta, kumalola zovuta zamagetsi kuyikidwa pagalimoto iliyonse. Makina owunikira ndi kuwunikira amakulolani kuti muunikire mseu patsogolo panu, kuchenjeza madalaivala ena za kuyendetsa, kudziwitsa za kukula kwa galimotoyo. Kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chili panjira, zinthu zonse zowunikira ziyenera kugwira bwino ntchito.

Kodi kuyatsa kwamagalimoto ndi ma alarm?

Galimoto yamakono imaphatikizapo mitundu yonse yazida zowunikira, zomwe pamodzi zimapanga makina owunikira. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi monga:

• kuyatsa panjira ndi phewa;
• kuyatsa kowonjezera mumsewu mu chifunga, mvula, matalala;
• kudziwitsa madalaivala ena za zomwe zikuchitika;
• chenjezo la braking;
• kudziwitsa kukula kwa makina;
• chenjezo la kuwonongeka, chifukwa chake galimoto imabweretsa chopinga panjira yamagalimoto;
• kuonetsetsa kuti kuwerenga polembetsa mbale madzulo ndi usiku;
• kuyatsa mkati, injini chipinda ndi thunthu.

Zinthu zazikulu zadongosolo

Zinthu zonse zowunikira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu:

• kunja;
• mkati.

Zinthu zakunja

Optics yakunja yagalimoto imapereka kuwunikira pamsewu ndikudziwitsa oyendetsa ena. Zipangizozi ndi monga:

• nyali za mtengo wotsika komanso wokwera;
• magetsi a utsi;
• sungani zizindikiro;
• nyali kumbuyo;
• magetsi oyimika;
• magetsi a layisensi.

Magetsi

Nyali zamagalimoto amakono zimakhala ndi zovuta zonse:

• mtengo wotsika komanso wokwera;
• magetsi oyendetsa masana;
• magetsi apambali.

Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nyumba imodzi. Ndiponso, kutembenukira kwa ma sign kumayikidwa mu nyali zamagalimoto ambiri.

Galimoto iliyonse imakhala ndi nyali ziwiri, zomwe zimapezeka mozungulira kumanja ndi kumanzere kwa thupi.

Ntchito yayikulu yamagetsi ndikuunikira msewu kutsogolo kwa galimotoyo, komanso kudziwitsa oyendetsa magalimoto omwe akubwera za momwe galimotoyo ikuyendera komanso kukula kwake.

Madzulo ndi usiku, mtengo woviikidwa umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuunikira msewu. Chifukwa cha kuyeza kwa kuwala, imaperekanso kuwunikira panjira. Pokhapokha ngati nyali zowongoleredwa moyenera, kuwunika koteroko sikukuyambitsa mavuto kwa oyendetsa magalimoto omwe akubwera.

Mtengo waukulu kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumathandizira kulanda dera lalikulu panjira kuchokera kumdima. Komabe, ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mtanda waukulu pokhapokha pakakhala poyenda. Kupanda kutero, nyali zowunikira zimawunikira madalaivala ena.

magetsi oyimitsira magalimoto

Kuti madalaivala ena athe kuyesa kukula kwa galimotoyo, magetsi oyendera mbali amaperekedwa poyatsira. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito galimoto ikaima kapena itaimikidwa. Makulidwewa amapezeka kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa magetsi.

Sinthani chizindikiro

Sinthani zikwangwani ndiye chida chachikulu chochenjezera woyendetsa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potembenuka ndikupanga U-kutembenuka, kusintha misewu kapena kupyola, kukokera m'mbali mwa msewu ndikuyamba kuyenda.

Zinthu izi zitha kukhazikitsidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa magetsi, mosiyana ndi iwo. Nthawi zambiri, zida zobwereza zimayikidwa m'mbali mwa thupi ndi magalasi oyang'ana kumbuyo. Onsewa ali ndi utoto wachikasu wonyezimira ndipo amagwira ntchito mofananira. Magalimoto amsika waku America ali ndi zisonyezo zofiira.

Sinthani ma siginolo amakhalanso ngati alamu. Pogogoda batani lolowera mkatikati mwagalimoto, nyali zonse zomwe zilipo mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi nthawi yomweyo zimayamba kugwira ntchito.

Masana othamanga masana (DRL)

Magetsi oyatsa masana awonekera m'dongosolo loyatsa magalimoto posachedwa, chifukwa chake sali mgalimoto iliyonse. Ma DRL amasiyana ndi kukula kwake kwambiri.

Malinga ndi Traffic Regulations, madalaivala amafunika kuyatsa magetsi masana akuyendetsa mumzinda masana. Ngati kulibe DRL pagalimoto, ndikololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo woviikidwa masana.

Magetsi Chifunga (PTF)

Mitundu yamagalimoto yamtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosawoneka bwino: nthawi ya chifunga, mvula kapena matalala. Mtengo waukulu wokhala ndi gawo lochepetsedwa suwonetsa chifukwa chamvula ndipo umaimitsa dalaivala poyendetsa. Nthawi yomweyo, ma PTF amapereka kuwunikira kokwanira panjira.

Magetsi a utsi amaikidwa osati kutsogolo kokha, komanso kumbuyo kwa thupi. Komabe, zinthu zowunikira sizokakamizidwa, chifukwa chake, pamitundu yambiri yamagalimoto, PTF imatha kupezeka konse.

Nyali zam'mbuyo

Nyali zakumbuyo zamagalimoto zimayikidwanso awiriawiri pagalimoto ndipo zimaphatikizapo zinthu zingapo. Zosankha zosavuta pamayendedwe apambali zimakhala ndi mabuleki owala ndi magetsi am'mbali. Mumitundu yambiri, chipangizocho chimaphatikizaponso ma siginolo oyatsa ndi magetsi obweza, osayatsa magetsi akumbuyo.

Choyimira chachikulu pakuwunikira kumbuyo ndi magetsi a mabuleki, omwe amadziwitsa galimoto ikamayima kapena ikuchedwa. Kuti mukhale odalirika kwambiri, zinthuzo zimatha kutsanzira wowonongera kapena pazenera lakumbuyo kwagalimoto.

Chofunikanso chimodzimodzi ndi magetsi obweza. Amakhala ngati kuyatsa ndikuchenjeza madalaivala ena galimoto ikayamba kubwerera kumbuyo.

Zinthu zamkati zowunikira

Zinthu zamkati ndizoyenera kuyatsa m'galimoto ndi thunthu lagalimoto. Njirayi ikuphatikizapo:

• nyali m'galimoto;
• kuyatsa kwa thunthu;
• nyali zadashboard zowunikira;
• nyali mu bokosi la magolovesi;
• magetsi apambali pakhomo.

Kuunikira kwamkati, thunthu ndi pansi pake (ngati kuli koyenera) kumapereka chitonthozo chowonjezera cha driver mumdima.

Kuunikira kwa dashboard ndikofunikira kuti kuwerenga kosavuta kuwerengera mukamayendetsa mumdima.

Magetsi oyimitsira zitseko ndizofunikira kuti adziwitse ogwiritsa ntchito ena pamisewu pamiyeso yamagalimoto chitseko chikatseguka.

Momwe kuyatsa kumayendetsedwa

Woyendetsa amayang'anira zida zonse zowunikira kuchokera mkati mwagalimoto pogwiritsa ntchito masinthidwe apadera.

Kuphatikizidwa kwa mtengo wotsika komanso wokwera, magetsi a utsi ndi kukula kwamitundu yambiri yamagalimoto kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chosinthira kapena batani pazenera:

• malo oyamba osinthira - zida zonse zimazimitsidwa;
• udindo wachiwiri - miyeso ikuphatikizidwa;
• malo achitatu - nyali zoyikidwiratu zimabwera.

Komanso, switch, yomwe ili kumanzere pansi pa chiwongolero, imapereka kusintha kwa nyali zotsika komanso zazitali pamagetsi.

Ngati pali ma foglights, gawo lina litha kukhazikitsidwa pazenera kuti lizitha kuyatsa ndi kutseka kwa PTF. Ikhozanso kuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito fungulo losiyana.

Kusinthana kosakanikirana kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyambitsa siginecha yakumanja ndi kumanzere. Koma nthawi yomweyo, alamu imatsegulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito batani losiyana lomwe lili padashboard.

Zinthu zambiri zamagetsi zimawonekera zokha pamene zochita za woyendetsa zimachitika:

• mabuleki ananyema - mukakanikiza phulani;
• Kutembenuza kuwala - mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zosinthira;
• katundu wonyamula katundu ndi magolovesi oyatsa magetsi - atatsegulidwa;
• kuwunikira kwa mapazi a driver ndi kukula kwake pamakomo - pomwe chitseko chatsegulidwa.

Makinawa kuwongolera kuyatsa

Pomwe ukadaulo wamagalimoto ukupita patsogolo, ntchito zowongolera zowunikira zokha zikudziwikanso:

• kuyatsa mtengo wochepa;
• kuyatsa kwamutu;
• kuyatsa kosinthika;
• kukonza kwamutu;
• mkulu mtengo kulamulira.

Machitidwe onsewa amasinthidwa mokhazikika potengera zomwe zimawerengedwa ndi masensa apadera pomwe magalimoto ndi mayendedwe amasintha.

Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuyatsa kwamagalimoto kumapangidwa kuti zithandizire kuyendetsa bwino dalaivala, omwe amamuyendetsa komanso madalaivala ena. Kuyendetsa galimoto madzulo komanso usiku sikuvomerezeka popanda magetsi. Kupitilizabe kukonza, kuwunikira kumapereka chitonthozo ndi chitetezo chofunikira nthawi yamadzulo ndi usiku, komanso poyenda mosawoneka bwino.