Main nkhondo thanki M60
Main nkhondo thanki M60
Mu 1959, Chrysler adalandira dongosolo loyamba la kupanga galimoto yatsopano. Dongosolo lalikulu loyang'anira moto mwachindunji linali ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa M17s rangefinder, kudzera momwe mungathere kudziwa mtunda wopita ku cholingacho pamtunda wa 500-4400 mamita. monga mawonekedwe othandizira a telescopic odziwika bwino a M31s. Zowoneka zonsezo zinali ndi kukula kwa 105x ndi 44x. Kwa mfuti yamakina yokhala ndi cannon, pali mawonekedwe owongolera a MXNUMXs, gululi lomwe lidawonetsedwa pakuwona kwa wowombera mfutiyo.
Mawonekedwe a M105, olumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a M44s ndi M31, mosiyana ndi mapangidwe akale, anali ndi maukonde awiri a ballistic, omaliza maphunziro a mita. Izi zinapangitsa kuti wowomberayo asawombere imodzi, koma mitundu iwiri ya zida popanda kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lowombera kuti asinthe. Powombera kuchokera ku mfuti ya 12,7-mm, mkulu wa asilikaliwo anali ndi mawonekedwe a periscopic binocular XM34 ndi kukula kwa kasanu ndi kawiri ndi gawo la 10 °, lomwe linapangidwanso kuti liyang'ane malo ankhondo ndi kuzindikira zolinga. Reticle idapangitsa kuti izitha kuyatsa pazifukwa zamlengalenga ndi pansi. Dongosolo la kuwala lokhala ndi kukula kumodzi linagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira nkhondo.
Zida zamfuti za makina zinali zozungulira 900 za 12,7 mm ndi kuzungulira 5950 za 7,62 mm. Chipinda chomenyerapo nkhondocho chinali ndi zida zosungiramo zida zokhala ndi zitsulo za aluminiyamu zozungulira 63 za 105 mm caliber. Kuphatikiza pa zida zoboola zida zazing'ono zokhala ndi mphasa yotayika, zida za M68 zidagwiritsanso ntchito zipolopolo zokhala ndi zophulika za pulasitiki ndi mutu wopunduka, wophatikizika, wophulika kwambiri komanso utsi. Kuyika kwa mfuti kunachitika pamanja ndipo kunathandizidwa ndi njira yapadera yowombera mfutiyo. Mu 1960, magalimoto oyamba kupanga adagubuduza pamzere wake. Pokhala chitsanzo chamakono cha thanki ya M48, M60, komabe, inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi zida zankhondo, magetsi ndi zida. Poyerekeza ndi thanki ya M48A2, kusintha kwa 50 ndi kusintha kwapangidwe kwake kunapangidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zigawo zingapo ndi magulu a akasinjawa amatha kusinthana. Kapangidwe kake nakonso sikunasinthe. Chikopa ndi turret za M60 zidapangidwa. M'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri, makulidwe a zidawo adawonjezedwa, ndipo mbali yakutsogolo ya chiboliboli idapangidwa ndi makona akulu owoneka bwino kuposa a M48.
Komanso, kasinthidwe ka turret hemispherical anali penapake bwino, mizinga 105-mm M68, amene anaikidwa pa M60, anali ndi zida malowedwe apamwamba, mlingo wa moto ndi osiyanasiyana kwambiri moto weniweni kuposa 90-mm M48. mizinga, komabe, kusowa kwa zolimbitsa thupi sikunaphatikizepo kuthekera koyendetsa moto wolunjika kuchokera ku thanki poyenda. Mfutiyo inali ndi ngodya yotsika -10 ° ndi ngodya yokwera ya + 20 °; breech yake yotayira idalumikizidwa ndi mbiya ndi ulusi wagawo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mbiyayo ilowe m'munda mwachangu. Pakati pa mbiya yamfuti panali ejector, mfuti inalibe mphuno yamphuno.
Kumanzere kwa mfuti mu unsembe ophatikizana anali 7,62 mamilimita M73 mfuti, ndi 12,7-mamilimita M85 odana ndege mfuti m'gulu la M19 mkulu, okonzeka ndi prisms kuonera, anapereka kuonekera bwino. Chipinda chamagetsicho chinali ndi chipangizo choziziritsira kutentha chomwe chimachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya. Injiniyo inali yotsekedwa ndipo inkagwira ntchito pansi pa madzi. Ngakhale unsembe wa zida zamphamvu, zida kuwonjezeka, weighting wa magetsi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta onyamula, kulemera kwa thanki M60 anakhalabe pafupifupi zosasinthika poyerekeza M48A2. Izi zidatheka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma aloyi a aluminiyamu pamapangidwe a makinawo, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa chiwongolero ndi ma roller othandizira owonjezera omwe amapangidwira kumangirira mayendedwe. Pazonse, matani atatu a aluminiyamu adagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, pomwe zida zapansi, akasinja amafuta, malo ozungulira a nsanja, zotchingira, ma casings osiyanasiyana, mabatani ndi zogwirira ntchito zimapangidwa. Kuyimitsidwa kwa M60 ndikofanana ndi kuyimitsidwa kwa M48A2, komabe, kusintha kwina kwapangidwa pamapangidwe ake. Dalaivalayo anali ndi periscope ya infrared, yomwe inkawalitsidwa ndi nyali zoikidwa pa pepala lakutsogolo la chombocho. Mawonekedwe a XM32 infrared periscope a wowomberayo adayikidwa m'malo mwa mawonekedwe a tsiku la M31. Usiku, thupi la mtsogoleri wa masana a periscope adasinthidwa ndi thupi lokhala ndi mawonekedwe a XM36 a infrared of magnification kasanu ndi katatu. Nyali yofufuzira yokhala ndi nyali ya xenon idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuunikira zolingazo.
Chowunikiracho chinayikidwa pa chigoba cha cannon pa bulaketi yapadera, yomwe akasinja onse a M60 ali ndi zida, ndikulowa mubokosi lomwe lili kunja kwa turret. Popeza nyali yofufuzirayo inayikidwa pamodzi ndi mizinga, chitsogozo chake chinachitidwa nthawi imodzi ndi chiwongolero cha mizinga. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu machitidwe a ku America a zaka za nkhondo yapambuyo pa nkhondo, injini ya dizilo ya AUOZ-60-12 ya 1790-silinda ya V-woboola pakati idayikidwa pa M2. Mabulaketi a track roller balancer ndi mabalancer oyimitsa maulendo adalumikizidwa ndi thupi. Zotsitsa zowopsa sizinayikidwe mu M60, mawilo amsewu opitilira muyeso anali ndi maimidwe oyenda masika kwa owerengera. Kuyimitsidwa kunagwiritsa ntchito ma shaft olimba kwambiri kuposa akasinja a M48. M'lifupi njanji ya rubberized ndi hinge mphira-zitsulo anali 710 mm. Monga zida wamba, M60 anali okonzeka ndi dongosolo basi kuzimitsa moto, heaters mpweya ndi E37P1 fyuluta ndi mpweya wagawo cholinga kuteteza ogwira ntchito ku fumbi radioactive, poizoni zinthu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kuphatikiza apo, ogwira ntchito ku thankiyo anali ndi zida zapadera zapadera, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi nsalu ya rubberized ndikuphimba pamwamba pa nkhope ya chigoba, komanso mutu, khosi ndi mapewa, kuteteza kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi zinthu zoopsa. . Nsanjayo inali ndi mita ya X-ray yomwe inkathandiza kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ma radiation m’galimoto ndi madera ozungulira. Kuchokera pazida zoyankhulirana, imodzi mwa wayilesi ya AM / OPC-60 (3, 4, 5, 6 kapena 7) idayikidwa pa M8, yomwe imapereka kulumikizana pamtunda wa 32-40 km, komanso AMA / 1A-4 intercom ndi wayilesi yolumikizirana ndi ndege. Kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo kunali foni yolumikizirana pakati pa oyenda pansi ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. Kwa M60, zida zoyendera zidapangidwa ndikuyesedwa, zomwe zidapangidwa ndi gyrocompass, zida zamakompyuta, sensor ya track ndi terrain tilt corrector. Mu 1961, zida zinapangidwa kuti M60 igonjetse madontho akuya mpaka 4,4 mita. Kukhalapo kwa dongosolo la zingwe ndi mabatani otayika kunalola ogwira ntchito kugwetsa zida zomwe adaziyika popanda kutuluka mgalimoto. Kumapeto kwa 30, M1962 m'malo ndi kusinthidwa ake M60A60, amene anali ndi kusintha angapo, amene chofunika kwambiri tiyenera kudziŵika: unsembe wa turret latsopano ndi kasinthidwe bwino ndi zida kumatheka, komanso gyroscopic. kukhazikika dongosolo la mfuti mu ndege ofukula ndi turret mu ndege yopingasa. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zogwirira ntchito za dalaivala zidasinthidwa; njira zoyendetsera bwino; chiwongolero m'malo ndi T-bar; malo ena olamulira ndi zida zasinthidwa; galimoto yatsopano ya hydraulic ya mabuleki otumizira mphamvu yayikidwa. Chiwerengero chonse chagalimoto chomwe chasungidwa ndi pafupifupi 1 m20, pomwe 3 m5 imakhala ndi nsanja yokhala ndi niche yotukuka. Kubwerera - Patsogolo >> |
Mu 50s sing'anga M48 anali thanki muyezo wa asilikali American. T95 yatsopano idakali m'kati mwachitukuko, koma, ngakhale kuti pali zambiri zamakono zamakono, sizinayambe kupanga zambiri. Utsogoleri wa asilikali a United States of America ankakonda kutsatira njira yopititsira patsogolo M48 yomwe ilipo, kumvetsera kwambiri zida ndi magetsi. Mu 1957, monga kuyesera, pa siriyo M48 anaika injini latsopano, chaka chotsatira anaonekera prototypes atatu. Kumapeto kwa 1958, anaganiza kuti akonzekeretse galimoto ndi 105 mamilimita British L7 mndandanda mfuti, amene anapangidwa mu United States pansi pa layisensi ndi standardized monga M68.
