Tanki yayikulu ya Leopard
Zamkatimu
Tanki yayikulu ya Leopard
Koma kulemera kwa Leopard turret - pafupifupi matani 9 - kunali kochepa kwambiri kuposa matanki ofanana (pafupifupi matani 15). Unyinji wawung'ono wa turret udathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowongolera komanso makina akale a turret traverse, omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tanki ya M48 Patton. Kumanja kutsogolo kwa mlanduwo pali mpando wa dalaivala. Pamwamba pake padenga la hull pali chiwombankhanga, pachivundikiro chomwe ma periscopes atatu amayikidwa. Wapakati amachotsedwa mosavuta, ndipo chipangizo cha masomphenya ausiku chimayikidwa m'malo mwake kuti chiyendetse thanki muzochitika zosawoneka bwino. Kumanzere kwa mpando wa dalaivala pali zida zopangira zida zomwe zili ndi gawo la zida zankhondo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wonyamulayo azitha kupeza zida zankhondo pafupifupi pamalo aliwonse a turret wachibale wa thanki. Malo ogwirira ntchito onyamula ali mu turret, kumanzere kwa mfuti. Kuti mupeze thanki ndikutulukamo, chojambuliracho chimakhala ndi hatch yosiyana padenga la nsanja.
Sitima yayikulu yankhondo "Leopard-1" pamasewera olimbitsa thupi Kumanja kwa turret pafupi ndi hatch yonyamula katundu, pali chitseko cha wolamulira wa thanki ndi wowombera mfuti. Malo ogwira ntchito a wowombera mfuti ali kutsogolo kwa turret kumanja. Mkulu wa thanki ali pamwamba pang'ono ndi kumbuyo kwake. Zida zazikulu za "Nyalugwe" - English 105-mm mfuti mfuti L7AZ. Katundu wa zida, wopangidwa ndi kuwombera 60, kumaphatikizapo kuboola zida zankhondo, zipolopolo zazing'ono zokhala ndi mphasa zotuluka, zipolopolo zophulika komanso zoboola zida zankhondo zokhala ndi zophulika zapulasitiki. Mfuti imodzi ya 7,62-mm imaphatikizidwa ndi cannon, ndipo yachiwiri imayikidwa pa turret kutsogolo kwa hatch ya loader. M'mbali mwa nsanjayi munali zowukira ma grenade kuti muyike zowonera utsi. Wowombera mfuti amagwiritsa ntchito stereoscopic monocular rangefinder ndi kuona telescopic, ndipo mkuluyo amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a panoramic, omwe amasinthidwa ndi infrared usiku. thanki ali ndi kuyenda ndi mkulu, amene anaonetsetsa ntchito 10 yamphamvu V-woboola pakati Mipikisano mafuta injini dizilo MV 838 Ka M500 ndi mphamvu malita 830. Ndi. pa 2200 rpm ndi hydromechanical transmission 4NR 250. The chassis wa thanki (pa bolodi) zikuphatikizapo 7 njanji odzigudubuza opangidwa ndi aloyi kuwala ndi odziimira torsion bar kuyimitsidwa, kumbuyo-wokwera galimoto gudumu, kutsogolo-wokwera chiwongolero ndi awiri othandizira. odzigudubuza. Kuyenda koyima kofunikira kwa mawilo amsewu okhudzana ndi thanki kumayendetsedwa ndi zoletsa. Ma hydraulic shock absorbers amalumikizidwa ndi ma balancers a kuyimitsidwa koyamba, kwachiwiri, kwachitatu, kwachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Tinjira ta njanji timakhala ndi mphira, zomwe zimathandiza thanki kuyenda mumsewu waukulu popanda kuwononga zokutira zake. "Nyalugwe-1" ali okonzeka ndi fyuluta mpweya mpweya unit zimatsimikizira ntchito yachibadwa ya ogwira ntchito kwa maola 24, ndi dongosolo zida zozimitsa moto. Mothandizidwa ndi zida zoyendetsera pansi pamadzi, zopinga zamadzi mpaka 4 m kuya kwa 5. Kulankhulana kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito wayilesi ya 25EM 26, yomwe imagwira ntchito pafupipafupi (70-880 MHz) pamayendedwe 10, 35 ya zomwe ndi zokonzeka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito tinyanga wamba, kulumikizana kumafika 70 km. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1 ku Germany, kuti apititse patsogolo khalidwe lankhondo la Leopard-1 thanki, kusintha kwake kwapang'onopang'ono kunachitika. Woyamba wamakono chitsanzo analandira dzina lakuti "nyalugwe-1A1845" (XNUMX magalimoto opangidwa mu mndandanda anayi). Sitimayo ili ndi zida ziwiri zokhazikika zankhondo, mbiya yamfuti imakutidwa ndi chotchinga choteteza kutentha.
Tanki yayikulu yankhondo "Leopard-1". Kuti chitetezo chowonjezera cham'mbali mwa chibowocho, mipanda yam'mbali imayikidwa. Zoyala zamphira zidawonekera panjira za mbozi. Matanki "Leopard-1A1A1" amasiyanitsidwa ndi zida zowonjezera zakunja za nsanja, zopangidwa ndi kampani "Blom und Voss". Zimapangidwa ndi mbale zopindika zankhondo zokhala ndi zokutira zokumba zomwe zimayikidwa pansanjayo ndi bolted. kulumikizana. Mbali ya zida zankhondo imawotchedwanso kutsogolo kwa denga la turret. Zonsezi zinayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa thanki ndi pafupifupi 800 kg. Makina amtundu wa A1A1 ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera kwambiri omwe amawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kuzindikira. Pambuyo siteji yotsatira ya wamakono anaonekera chitsanzo Leopard-1A2 (magalimoto 342 opangidwa). Amasiyanitsidwa ndi zida zolimbikitsira za cast turret, komanso kuyika kwa zida zowonera usiku popanda zowunikira m'malo mwa zida zam'mbuyomu zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mkulu wa tanki ndi dalaivala. Kuphatikiza apo, zosefera mpweya wa injini ndi makina opumulira mpweya woteteza ku zida zowononga anthu ambiri asinthidwa. Kunja, akasinja a mndandanda wa A1 ndi A2 ndizovuta kusiyanitsa. Tanki ya Leopard-1AZ (mayunitsi 110 opangidwa) ili ndi turret yatsopano yotsekemera yokhala ndi zida zapakati. Nsanja yatsopanoyo inalola osati kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo, komanso kuonjezera kukula kwa chipinda chomenyera nkhondo chifukwa cha niche yaikulu kumbuyo kwake. Kukhalapo kwa niche kunali ndi zotsatira zabwino pakulinganiza nsanja yonse. Periscope idawonekera pachotengera chojambulira, chololeza kuwona kozungulira. Mtundu wa Leopard-1A4 (akasinja 250 opangidwa) uli ndi zida zatsopano zowongolera moto, kuphatikiza kompyuta yamagetsi yamagetsi, mawonekedwe ophatikizika (usana ndi usiku) a wamkulu wankhondo wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika a P12, komanso mawonekedwe akulu a wowombera mfuti. EMEZ 12A1 stereoscopic rangefinder yokhala ndi 8- ndi 16x makulidwe. Pofika 1992, Bundeswehr adalandira magalimoto 1300 Leopard-1A5, omwe ndi amakono a Leopard-1A1 ndi Leopard-1A2. Tanki yokwezedwayi ili ndi zida zamakono zowongolera moto, makamaka mawonekedwe a wowomberayo okhala ndi laser rangefinder yomangidwa ndi njira yowonera matenthedwe. Kuwongolera kwina kwapangidwa ku stabilizer yamfuti. Pa gawo lotsatira la amakono, n'zotheka m'malo mfuti 105 mamilimita ndi yosalala-anabala 120 mamilimita caliber. Mawonekedwe a tanki yayikulu yankhondo "Nyalugwe-1" / "Leopard-1A4"
Pamaziko a thanki Leopard-1, banja la magalimoto oti muli nazo zolinga zosiyanasiyana linalengedwa, kuphatikizapo Gepard ZSU, Standard armored kukonza ndi kuchira galimoto, wosanjikiza thanki mlatho, ndi Pioneerpanzer-2 sapper thanki. Kulengedwa kwa thanki ya Leopard-1 inali yopambana kwambiri pamakampani ankhondo aku Germany. Mayiko ambiri adayitanitsa makinawa ku Germany kapena adapeza ziphaso zopangira makina awo pamakampani awo. Pakalipano, akasinja amtundu uwu akugwira ntchito ndi asilikali a Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Holland, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey ndipo, ndithudi, Germany. Matanki a Leopard-1 anali abwino kwambiri pa ntchito, ndipo chifukwa chake ambiri mwa mayiko omwe tawatchula pamwambapa, atayamba kukonzanso mphamvu zawo zapansi, adatembenukira ku Germany, kumene magalimoto atsopano adawonekera - akasinja a Leopard-2. Ndipo kuyambira February 1994, "Nyalugwe-2A5".
Main nkhondo thanki "Leopard-2"Kukula kwa thanki yachitatu pambuyo pa nkhondo inayamba mu 1967 monga gawo la polojekiti ya MBT-70 pamodzi ndi United States. Koma patapita zaka ziwiri, zinaonekeratu kuti chifukwa cha kusagwirizana komwe kunkachitika nthawi zonse komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri, ntchitoyi siidzachitika. Atataya chidwi ndi chitukuko olowa, Ajeremani anaika khama lawo experimental thanki KRG-70, wotchedwa "Kyler". M'galimoto iyi, akatswiri aku Germany adagwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri zamapangidwe zomwe zimapezeka pakukhazikitsa ntchito yolumikizana. Mu 1970, Germany ndi United States potsirizira pake zinasunthira kupanga akasinja awoawo. M'chaka chomwechi, mgwirizano udakwaniritsidwa pakati pa FRG ndi USA pakuyimitsa mapulogalamu awo akasinja. Idapereka kugwirizanitsa zida zazikulu, zida, zida zowongolera moto, injini, kutumiza ndi mayendedwe. Mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano uwu, mtundu watsopano wa thanki Leopard unapangidwa mu kapangidwe ka ng'ombe ndi turret, amene spaced zida zambiri wosanjikiza zida, ndi dongosolo latsopano kulamulira moto. Mu 1976, mayesero ofanana a thanki iyi ndi American XM1 inachitika. Pambuyo pa US anakana kuvomereza Leopard-2 ngati thanki limodzi la NATO, Unduna wa Zachitetezo ku Germany mu 1977 udayika lamulo lopanga magalimoto 800 amtunduwu. Siriyo kupanga akasinja Leopard-2 waukulu anayamba chaka chomwecho pa mafakitale Krauss-Maffei (kontrakitala waukulu) ndi Krupp-Mack Maschinenbau. Iwo anatulutsa akasinja 990 ndi 810 motero, amene anaperekedwa kwa asilikali pansi kuyambira 1979 mpaka m'ma 1987, pamene Leopard-2 kupanga pulogalamu ya asilikali German inatha. Mu 1988-1990, lamulo lina linayikidwa pakupanga magalimoto 150 Leopard-2A4, omwe anali m'malo mwa akasinja a Leopard-1A4 ogulitsidwa ku Turkey. Kenako mayunitsi ena 100 adalamulidwa - nthawi ino omaliza. Kuyambira 1990, kupanga "Leopards" kwatha, komabe, magalimoto omwe akupezeka munkhondo akusinthidwa kukhala amakono, okonzedwa mpaka 2000. Zimaphatikizanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha zida zankhondo ndi turret, kukhazikitsa zidziwitso zama tanki ndi njira zowongolera, komanso kukonza magawo oyendetsa pansi. Panthawiyi, German Ground Forces ali ndi akasinja 2125 Leopard-2, omwe ali ndi magulu ankhondo onse.
Zitsanzo zambiri za thanki yayikulu yankhondo "Leopard-2A5". Mawonekedwe a tanki yayikulu yankhondo "Nyalugwe-2" / "Leopard-2A5"
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Mu July 1963, Bundestag anaganiza kuyambitsa kupanga misa thanki latsopano. Akasinja woyamba, wotchedwa "Nyalugwe-1" analowa mu mayunitsi thanki Bundeswehr mu August 1963. Tank "Leopard" ili ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. Kumanja kutsogolo kwa hull ndi mpando wa dalaivala, mu turret - pakati pa chombocho chida chachikulu cha thanki chimayikidwa, palinso ena atatu ogwira nawo ntchito: mtsogoleri, wowombera mfuti ndi wonyamula katundu. Kumbuyo kuli chipinda chamagetsi chokhala ndi injini ndi kufala. Thupi la thanki ndi welded ku adagulung'undisa zida mbale. Kukula kwakukulu kwa zida zakutsogolo za hull kumafika 70 mm pamakona a 60 °. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi imamangidwa mosamala kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kochepa ndi khalidwe - 0,82 mamita pamwamba pa denga ndi 1,04 mamita mpaka pamwamba pa zipangizo zowonera za mkulu zomwe zili padenga. Komabe, kutalika kochepa kwa nsanja sikunapangitse kuchepa kwa kutalika kwa chipinda chomenyera cha Leopard-1, chomwe ndi 1,77 m ndi 1,77 m.
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