Tanki yayikulu ya Leclerc
Tanki yayikulu ya Leclerc
Tanki ya Leclerc potengera zida zake zazikulu zomenyera (zowombera moto, kuyenda ndi chitetezo cha zida) ndizopambana kwambiri kuposa thanki ya AMX-30V2. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa machulukitsidwe ndi zamagetsi, zomwe mtengo wake umafika pafupifupi theka la mtengo wa thanki yokha. Tanki ya Leclerc imapangidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe akale omwe ali ndi zida zazikulu mu turret yozungulira yankhondo, chipinda chowongolera kutsogolo kwa chiboliboli, ndi chipinda chotumizira injini kumbuyo kwagalimoto. Mu turret kumanzere kwa mfuti ndi udindo wa mkulu wa thanki, kumanja ndi wowombera mfuti, ndipo chojambulira chodziwikiratu chimayikidwa mu niche.
Magawo akutsogolo ndi akumbali a chikopa ndi turret a thanki ya Leclerc amapangidwa ndi zida zamitundu yambiri pogwiritsa ntchito ma gaskets opangidwa ndi zida za ceramic. Kutsogolo kwa chikopacho, kapangidwe kake kachitetezo ka zida kumayikidwa pang'ono. Lili ndi ubwino waukulu ziwiri pa mtundu wamba: choyamba, ngati ma modules amodzi kapena angapo awonongeka, amatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ngakhale m'munda, ndipo kachiwiri, m'tsogolomu n'zotheka kukhazikitsa ma modules opangidwa ndi zida zogwira mtima kwambiri. Chisamaliro chapadera chinaperekedwa kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha denga la nsanja, makamaka kuchokera ku zida zolonjeza zotsutsana ndi tanki zomwe zimagunda thanki kuchokera pamwamba. M'mbali mwake muli zida zotchingira zida zankhondo, ndipo mabokosi achitsulo amalumikizidwanso kutsogolo, zomwe ndi zida zankhondo zowonjezera.
Tank "Leclerc" ili ndi dongosolo lachitetezo ku zida zowononga kwambiri. Pankhani yogonjetsa madera okhudzidwa ndi malo omenyera nkhondo mothandizidwa ndi fyuluta-mpweya wabwino, kupanikizika kwakukulu kumapangidwa pofuna kuteteza fumbi la radioactive kapena zinthu zoopsa kuti zilowe mu mpweya woyeretsedwa. Kupulumuka kwa thanki ya Leclerc kumakulitsidwanso ndikuchepetsa silhouette yake, kukhalapo kwa chozimitsa moto chothamanga kwambiri pamagawo omenyerapo nkhondo ndi ma injini ndi ma drive amagetsi (m'malo mwa hydraulic) kuloza mfuti, komanso kuchepa kwa siginecha ya kuwala chifukwa cha utsi wochepa kwambiri pamene injini ikuyenda. Ngati ndi kotheka, chinsalu cha utsi chikhoza kuikidwa ndi kuwombera mabomba a utsi pamtunda wa mamita 55 kumalo opita patsogolo mpaka 120 °.
Tankiyo ili ndi chenjezo (alarm) yokhudzana ndi kuyatsa ndi mtengo wa laser kuti ogwira nawo ntchito azitha kuyendetsa galimotoyo nthawi yomweyo kuti asagundidwe ndi chida chotsutsana ndi thanki. Komanso, thankiyo imakhala ndikuyenda kwambiri pamtunda woyipa. UAE idalamula akasinja a Leclerc okhala ndi injini yopangidwa ku Germany ndi gulu lotumizira, lomwe limaphatikizapo injini ya 1500-horsepower MTU 883-series komanso transmission yochokera ku Renk. Poganizira za ntchito m'chipululu, akasinja ali ndi makina oziziritsira mpweya kumalo omenyera nkhondo. Ma tanki asanu oyambilira a mndandanda wa UAE anali okonzeka mu February 1995. Awiri a iwo anaperekedwa kwa makasitomala ndi ndege pa ndege Russian An-124 zoyendera ndege, ndipo ena atatu analowa sukulu zida zida ku Saumur.
Kuphatikiza pa UAE, akasinja a Leclerc adaperekedwanso kwa makasitomala ena ku Middle East. Pamsikawu, makampani aku France omwe amapanga zida akhala akugwira ntchito bwino kwa zaka zambiri. Chotsatira chake, Qatar ndi Saudi Arabia anachita chidwi ndi Leclercs, kumene zosintha zosiyanasiyana za akasinja American M60 ndi French AMX-30 ntchito panopa.
Zochita za tanki yayikulu yankhondo "Leclerc"
Nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku, mkulu wa thanki amagwiritsa ntchito H1-15 panoramic periscope kuona wokwera padenga turret kumanzere kwa mfuti. Ili ndi njira yowonera masana komanso yausiku (yokhala ndi chowonjezera cham'badwo wachitatu). Mkulu wankhondoyo alinso ndi chiwonetsero chomwe chimawonetsa chithunzi cha kanema wawayilesi kuchokera pamaso pa wowomberayo. M'nkhokwe ya mkulu wa asilikali, muli magalasi asanu ndi atatu ozungulira kuzungulira, kupereka maonekedwe ozungulira malo.
Woyang'anira akasinja ndi wowombera mfuti ali ndi zowongolera zonse zofunika (mapanelo, zogwirira, zotonthoza). Tanki ya Leclerc imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa njira zambiri zamagetsi, makamaka zida zamakompyuta zamakompyuta (microprocessors), zomwe zimayang'anira magwiridwe antchito onse akuluakulu ndi zida za thanki. Zotsatirazi zimalumikizidwa kudzera mu bus ya data yapakati pa multiplex: kompyuta yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi yamoto (yolumikizidwa ndi masensa onse a kuwombera, mawonedwe ndi zida zowongolera za olamulira ndi owombera mfuti), ma microprocessors a wamkulu ndi wowombera mfuti. zowoneka, mfuti ndi coaxial machine gun-automatic loader, injini ndi kufalitsa, mapanelo oyendetsa oyendetsa.
Zida zazikulu za thanki ya Leclerc ndi mfuti ya SM-120-120 26-mm smoothbore yokhala ndi mbiya ya 52 calibers (kwa mfuti za M1A1 Abrams ndi Leopard-2 ndi 44 calibers). Mgolowu uli ndi chivundikiro choteteza kutentha. Pofuna kuwombera mogwira mtima pamene akuyenda, mfutiyo imakhazikika mu ndege ziwiri zowongolera. Katundu wa zida amaphatikizanso kuwombera ndi zipolopolo zoboola nthenga zoboola zida zokhala ndi pallet yotuluka ndi zipolopolo za HEAT. Kuboola zida pachimake choyamba (kutalika kwa m'mimba mwake chiŵerengero 20: 1) ali ndi liwiro loyamba la 1750 m/s. Pakalipano, akatswiri a ku France akupanga projekiti ya nthenga zoboola zida za 120-mm yokhala ndi phata la uranium lomwe latha komanso kuphulika kwakukulu kwa ma helikopita omenyera nkhondo. Mbali ya thanki ya Leclerc ndi kukhalapo kwa chojambulira chodziwikiratu, chomwe chinapangitsa kuti achepetse ogwira ntchitoyo kukhala anthu atatu. Idapangidwa ndi Creusot-Loire ndikuyika mu niche ya nsanja. Choyikapo zida zamakina chimaphatikizapo kuwombera 22, ndipo 18 yotsalayo ili muzitsulo zamtundu wa drum kumanja kwa dalaivala. Chojambulira chodziwikiratu chimapereka kuchuluka kwamoto wozungulira 12 pamphindi iliyonse mukawombera poyimirira komanso poyenda.
Ngati ndi kotheka, kutsitsa kwamanja kwa mfuti kumaperekedwanso. Akatswiri aku America akuganizira za kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito chojambulira chodziwikiratu pa akasinja a Abrams pazosintha zonse pambuyo pa gawo lachitatu lakusintha kwawo. Monga zida zothandizira pa thanki ya Leclerc, mfuti yamakina ya 12,7-mm yokhala ndi mizinga ndi mfuti ya 7,62-mm yolimbana ndi ndege yomwe idakwezedwa kuseri kwa hatch ya wowomberayo ndikuwongoleredwa patali. Zida, motero, 800 ndi 2000 kuzungulira. Kumbali za kumtunda kumtunda kwa nsanjayo, zowombera ma grenade zimayikidwa mumipanda yapadera yankhondo (mabomba anayi a utsi mbali iliyonse, atatu otsutsa-ogwira ntchito ndi awiri popanga misampha ya infrared). Dongosolo loyang'anira moto limaphatikizapo zowonera za owombera mfuti ndi akasinja omwe ali ndi kukhazikika kodziyimira pawokha pakuwona kwawo mu ndege ziwiri komanso zopangira ma laser rangefinders. Maonekedwe a periscope wa wowomberayo ali kutsogolo kumanja kwa turret. Lili ndi njira zitatu za optoelectronic: zowoneka masana ndi kukula kosinthika (2,5 ndi 10x), kujambula kwamafuta ndi kanema wawayilesi. Mtunda waukulu kwambiri wopita ku chandamale, woyezedwa ndi laser rangefinder, umafika 8000 m Kuti muwone, kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira zomwe mukufuna, komanso kuwombera projectile ndi phallet yotayika (kutalika kwa 2000 m) ndi projectile yowonjezera (1500 m). ).
Monga chopangira magetsi cha thanki ya Leclerc, injini ya dizilo ya 8-cylinder four-stroke V8X-1500 yamadzi-utakhazikika ndi turbocharged dizilo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amapangidwa mu chipika chimodzi chokhala ndi automatic transmission EZM 500, yomwe ingasinthidwe m'mphindi 30. Dongosolo la pressurization, lotchedwa "hyperbar", limaphatikizapo turbocharger ndi chipinda choyaka moto (monga turbine ya gasi). Imapanga kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti iwonjezere mphamvu ya injini ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a torque. The kufala zodziwikiratu amapereka maulendo asanu patsogolo ndi awiri n'zosiyana. Tanki ya Leclerc ili ndi kuyankha kwamphamvu - imathamanga mpaka liwiro la 5,5 km / h mumasekondi 32. Chomwe chili mu thanki yaku France iyi ndi kupezeka kwa kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic, komwe kumapangitsa kuyenda kosalala komanso kuthamanga kwapamwamba kotheka m'misewu ndi malo oyipa. Poyamba, adakonza zogula akasinja a Leclerc 1400 kwa asitikali aku France. Komabe, kusintha kwa zinthu zankhondo ndi ndale chifukwa cha kugwa kwa gulu lankhondo la Warsaw Pact, zidawonetsedwa ndi zosowa za asitikali aku France mu akasinja: dongosololi lidatsika mpaka mayunitsi 1100, omwe gawo lalikulu lidapangidwira. Kuyikanso zida zamagulu asanu ndi limodzi ankhondo (magalimoto 160 iliyonse), akasinja 70 amayenera kuperekedwa kusukulu zosungirako zosungirako komanso zama tanki. N'zotheka kuti manambalawa adzasintha. Mtengo wa thanki imodzi ndi 29 miliyoni francs. Tanki yamtunduwu idapangidwa kuti ipititse patsogolo ukalamba wa AMX-30. Kumayambiriro kwa 1989, gulu loyamba (mayunitsi 16) a matanki Leclerc kupanga siriyo analamulidwa ndi chiyambi cha zoperekedwa kwa asilikali kumapeto kwa 1991. Mayesero ankhondo a magalimoto awa pamlingo wa gulu la tankron adachitika mu 1993. Woyamba thanki Regiment anamaliza ndi iwo mu 1995, ndi gawo loyamba oti muli nazo zida mu 1996. Zotsatira:
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Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 70, akatswiri French ndi German anayamba olowa chitukuko cha thanki latsopano (Napoleon-1 ndi KRG-3 mapulogalamu motero), koma mu 1982 anasiya. Ku France, komabe, ntchito yopanga thanki yawo yodalirika ya m'badwo wachitatu idapitirizidwa. Komanso, asanawonekere, ma subsystems monga warhead ndi kuyimitsidwa adapangidwa ndikuyesedwa. Madivelopa waukulu wa thanki, amene analandira dzina "Leclerc" (pambuyo pa dzina la French General pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse), ndi bungwe boma. Kupanga kwakanthawi kwa akasinja a Leclerc kumachitika ndi zida za boma zomwe zili mumzinda wa Roan.
