Akasinja olemera kwambiri: chinthu 277, chinthu 279, chinthu 770
Zamkatimu
Akasinja olemera kwambiri: chinthu 277, chinthu 279, chinthu 770
Kuyimitsidwa ndi munthu payekha, ndi mipiringidzo yamtengo wapatali ndi ma hydraulic shock absorbers omwe amaikidwa pamagawo oyambirira, achiwiri ndi asanu ndi atatu. Tankiyo inali ndi zida zoteteza zida za nyukiliya, zida za utsi wotentha, makina oyeretsera zida zowonera komanso zida zoyendetsera pansi pamadzi. Ogwira ntchito pa thanki anali anthu 4: mkulu, mfuti, loader ndi dalaivala. Galimotoyo inali ndi luso loyendetsa bwino. Ndi kulemera kwa matani 55, iye anayamba liwiro la 55 Km / h.
Mu 1958, zitsanzo ziwiri za chinthu 277 zidapangidwa, adapambana mayeso, omwe adayimitsidwa posakhalitsa, ndipo ntchito yonse idachepetsedwa. Panthawi ya chitukuko cha chinthu 277, mtundu wake ndi injini ya turbine ya 1000 hp idapangidwa. Ndi. chinthu 278, koma sichinamangidwe. Kuchokera pamakina ena omwe adapangidwa panthawiyo, ya 277 idasiyana bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi ndi machitidwe otsimikiziridwa ndi oyesedwa. Heavy tank object 277 ikuwonetsedwa ku Museum ya zida zankhondo ndi zida ku Kubinka.
Makhalidwe azinthu za tank yolemera 277
Malingana ndi zofunikira zomwezo komanso zamakono, gulu la opanga Leningrad Kirov Plant motsogoleredwa ndi L. S. Troyanov mu 1957 linapanga chitsanzo cha thanki yolemera - chinthu 279, chokhacho chamtundu wake ndipo, popanda kukayika, wapadera kwambiri. Galimotoyo inali ndi mapangidwe apamwamba, koma mavuto a chitetezo ndi patency anathetsedwa pano m'njira yosavomerezeka kwambiri.
Chikopacho chinali ndi mawonekedwe opindika opindika okhala ndi zotchingira zopyapyala zamapepala zomwe zimaphimba chiboliboli kutsogolo ndi m'mbali, zomwe zimayenderana ndi mikombero yake kukhala ellipsoid yayitali. Nsanjayo ndi yozungulira, yozungulira, komanso yokhala ndi zotchingira zopyapyala. Makulidwe a zida zakutsogolo za hull anafika 269 mm, ndi turret - 305 mm. Zidazo zinali ndi mizinga ya 130 mm M-65 ndi mfuti ya 14,5 mm KPVT yolumikizana nayo. Mfutiyo inali ndi makina ojambulira odziyimira pawokha, choyikapo cha ammo, chokhazikika cha zida za ndege ziwiri "Groza", mawonekedwe a TPD-2S stereoscopic rangefinder, komanso njira yowongolera yokha. Object 279 inali ndi zida zonse zowonera usiku.
Mfuti zinali ndi kuwombera 24, mfuti zamakina - kuchokera ku 300 kuzungulira. 16 yamphamvu anayi sitiroko injini dizilo H woboola pakati makonzedwe yopingasa ya masilindala DG-1000 ndi mphamvu ya malita 950. Ndi. pa 2500 rpm kapena 2DG-8M ndi mphamvu ya malita 1000. Ndi. pa 2400 rpm. Kutumiza kumaphatikizapo chosinthira chosinthira ma torque ndi bokosi la giya la mapulaneti atatu. Chisamaliro chapadera chinali choyenera kunyamula pansi pa thanki - zoyendetsa mbozi zinayi zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa chombocho. Kumbali iliyonse panali chipika cha mbozi ziwiri, iliyonse yomwe inali ndi matayala apamsewu asanu ndi limodzi osapangidwa ndi labala ndi atatu othandizira, gudumu lakumbuyo. Kuyimitsidwa ndi hydropneumatic.
Mapangidwe ofanana a chassis adapatsa galimotoyo kusowa kwenikweni kwa chilolezo. Oyendetsa thanki inkapangidwa ndi anthu anayi, atatu mwa iwo - mkulu, mfuti ndi loader - anali mu nsanja. Mpando wa dalaivala unali kutsogolo kwa bwalo lapakati, panalinso kachipangizo kolowera mgalimoto. Mwa makina onse opangidwa nthawi imodzi, chinthu 279 chidasiyanitsidwa ndi voliyumu yaying'ono kwambiri - 11,47 m.3, pokhala ndi chombo chankhondo chovuta kwambiri. Mapangidwe a undercarriage adapangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kutera pansi pagalimoto, zomwe zidapereka luso lapamwamba lodutsa m'matalala akuya ndi madambo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, galimoto yapansi panthaka inali yovuta kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwira ntchito, ndipo sikunatheke kuchepetsa kutalika kwake. Kumapeto kwa 1959, chitsanzo chinamangidwa, msonkhano wa akasinja awiri ena sunathe. Panopa, chinthu 279 ili mu Museum wa zida zida ndi zida ku Kubinka.
Makhalidwe azinthu za tank yolemera 279
Makulidwe a zida zakutsogolo za hull adafika 120 mm. Kuti muwonjezere kukana kwa zida za m'mphepete mwake, mapewa amapangidwa mozungulira kuzungulira kwa chikopacho. Nsanjayo imaponyedwa, komanso ndi makulidwe a khoma ndi ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Patsogolo zida nsanjayo inali ndi makulidwe a 290 mm. Kulumikizana kwa turret ndi hull kunali kotetezedwa. Zida zankhondo zinali ndi mizinga ya 130 mm M-65 ndi mfuti yamakina ya KPVT ya coaxial. Kuyika kophatikizana kunali ndi ndege ziwiri za Thunderstorm stabilizer, makina owongolera, mawonekedwe amtundu wa TPD-2S, zida zowunikira usana ndi usiku, komanso makina onyamula zida. Monga malo opangira mphamvu pa chinthu 26, injini ya dizilo ya 250-silinda, sitiroko zinayi, mizere iwiri ya DTN-770 yokhala ndi ma silinda okhazikika, kukakamiza kuchokera ku kompresa ndi kuziziritsa kwamadzi kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Anaikidwa kumbuyo kwa thanki perpendicular kwa longitudinal olamulira ake. Mphamvu ya injini inali 10l. Ndi. pa 10 rpm. Kutumiza ndi hydromechanical, ndi chosinthira makokedwe zovuta ndi pulaneti gearbox. Chosinthira ma torque chokhala ndi ma vanes awiri owongolera chidaphatikizidwa mumayendedwe otumizira magetsi mofananira. Kutumizako kunapereka magiya amodzi ndi magiya awiri a hydromechanical kutsogolo ndi giya yosinthira makina.
Kavalo wapansiyo anali ndi mawilo asanu ndi limodzi akulu akulu amsewu okhala ndi mayamwidwe odabwitsa mkati. Mbozi zinali ndi zala zokhazikika. Mawilo oyendetsa okhala ndi giya zochotseka anali kumbuyo. The track tensioning mechanism ndi hydraulic. Kuyimitsidwa payekha, hydropneumatic. Ogwira ntchito pa thankiyo anali anthu 4. The dalaivala-makanika ankalamulira ntchito njinga yamoto-mtundu chogwirira. Object 770 inali ndi chitetezo ku zida zowononga kwambiri, zozimitsa moto zokha, zida za utsi wotentha, zida zausiku ndi gyro-semi-compass. Pakulankhulana kwakunja, wayilesi ya R-113 idakhazikitsidwa, ndi kulumikizana kwamkati, intercom R-120 idayikidwa. Object 770 idapangidwa paukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Turret ndi hull yokhala ndi zida zodziwika bwino zimatsimikizira kukana kwa projectile. Galimotoyo inali yokhoza kuyenda bwino ndipo inali yosavuta kuyendetsa. Malingana ndi akatswiri a malo oyesera, kumene akasinja onse atatu oyesera adayesedwa, chinthu 770 chinkawoneka ngati chodalirika kwambiri. Chitsanzo cha galimotoyi chimasungidwa ku Museum of Armored zida ndi zida ku Kubinka. Makhalidwe azinthu za tank yolemera 770
Kuchepetsa ntchito pa akasinja olemera
“M’maŵa mwake tinapita kumalo kumene kunali magalimoto okhala ndi zida. Zitsanzozo zinayikidwa pa mapepala osiyana a konkire omwe sali kutali ndi mzake. Kumanja kwathu, papulatifomu yapafupi, panali chifaniziro cha thanki yolemera, yomwe Zh. Ya. Kotin ankayenda. Pambuyo kuyendera IT-1, N. S. Khrushchev anapita ku thanki lolemera la Leningrad Kirov Plant. Ngakhale kuti Kotin anayesa kukankhira thanki latsopano lolemera ntchito, Khrushchev anaganiza kusiya kupanga T-10 siriyo heavy thanki ndipo analetsa mapangidwe akasinja olemera palimodzi. Ndiyenera kunena kuti wokonda kwambiri luso la rocket, Khrushchev anali wotsutsa akasinja ambiri, powaganizira kuti ndi osafunika. Mu 1960 chomwecho ku Moscow, pa msonkhano wa ziyembekezo za chitukuko cha magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi kutenga nawo mbali onse chidwi maphwando - asilikali, okonza, asayansi, oimira makampani, Khrushchev anatsimikiziranso lingaliro lake: kumaliza siriyo kupanga T- 10M posachedwa, ndikukula kwa akasinja atsopano oyimitsa olemera. Izi zinalimbikitsidwa ndi zosatheka kupereka kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa akasinja olemera ponena za moto ndi chitetezo mkati mwa malire operekedwa kuchokera ku matanki apakati. Changu cha Khrushchev chinalinso ndi chikoka champhamvu zoponya: molingana ndi malangizo a boma, onse maofesi a tank design maiko opangidwa panthawiyo magalimoto okhala ndi zida zoponya (zinthu 150, 287, 775, etc.). Ankakhulupirira kuti magalimoto omenyerawa amatha kusintha kwathunthu akasinja a mizinga. Ngati chigamulo chosiya kupanga misa, chifukwa chosatsutsika, chingaganizidwe kuti ndi chinthu choyenera, ndiye kuti kutha kwa ntchito yofufuza ndi chitukuko kunali kulakwitsa kwakukulu kwausilikali, komwe kunkakhudzanso kupititsa patsogolo kwa nyumba zamatabwa zapakhomo. . Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 50, njira zaumisiri zomwe zidakhala zofunikira m'zaka za m'ma 90 zidakhazikitsidwa: mizinga ya 130-mm yokhala ndi mpweya woponderezedwa ndikutsuka, ma electromechanical ndi hydromechanical transmissions, nyumba yoponyedwa, kuyimitsidwa kwa hydropneumatic, injini imodzi ndi kufalitsa. unit, ndi zina. Zaka 10-15 zokha pambuyo powonekera pa akasinja olemera a makina odzaza, zowoneka bwino, ma rammers, ndi zina zotero, adayambitsidwa pa akasinja apakatikati. Koma chigamulocho chinapangidwa ndipo akasinja olemera adachoka pamalopo, pamene apakati, akuwonjezera makhalidwe awo omenyana, adasandulika kukhala akuluakulu. Ngati tiganizira makhalidwe ntchito akasinja waukulu nkhondo 90s, tikhoza kunena zotsatirazi: Kulimbana kulemera akasinja zazikulu zamakono osiyanasiyana matani 46 kwa T-80U wathu matani 62 kwa Challenger British; magalimoto onse ali ndi mfuti zosalala kapena mfuti ("Challenger") ya 120-125-mm; mphamvu ya magetsi amachokera ku 1200-1500 hp. s., ndipo liwiro lalikulu limachokera ku 56 ("Challenger") mpaka 71 ("Leclerc") km / h. Zotsatira:
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Cha m'ma 1956, gulu lankhondo la GBTU la Soviet Army linapanga zofunikira zatsopano zaluso ndi luso la thanki yolemera. Pamaziko awo, magulu atatu opangira mapangidwe ku Leningrad ndi Chelyabinsk adayambanso pampikisano kupanga thanki yatsopano yolemetsa yomwe idapangidwa kuti ilowe m'malo mwa thanki ya T-10. Tanki yolemetsa (chinthu 277) idapangidwa mu 1957 ku Design Bureau of the Chief. Wopanga Chomera cha Leningrad Kirov Zh. Ya. Kotin, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana zopangira matanki a IS-7 ndi T-10. Galimotoyo inali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, okhala ndi chipinda chakumbuyo chamagetsi ndi mawilo oyendetsa. Chombocho chinali chowotcherera kuchokera ku mbale zopindika zankhondo zokhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana komanso makona a zida zankhondo. Mbali yakutsogolo ya chiboliboli ndi gawo limodzi, pansi pa mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mbiya. Turret, yomwe ili ndi makulidwe a khoma kuchokera pa 77 mm mpaka 290 mm, inali ndi gawo lalitali kumbuyo kuti athe kuyika zida zamfuti. Kukumbatirana kwa zida zankhondo kumatsekedwa - kunalibe chigoba chamfuti.
Thanki ina yolemera yopambana inali chinthu cha 770, chopangidwa motsogozedwa ndi Wopanga Wamkulu wa Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant P.P. Isakov. Mosiyana ndi 277th, idapangidwa kwathunthu pamaziko a mayunitsi atsopano ndipo inali ndi mayankho angapo oyambira. Thupi la chinthu 770 limaponyedwa, ndi makulidwe a zida zosiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika ndi kutalika. Mbali yokhotakhota ya mbaliyi imapangidwa osati mu ndege imodzi, koma mosiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku 64 ° mpaka 70 ° kupita kumtunda komanso ndi makulidwe osinthika kuchokera 65 mm mpaka 84 mm.
Pa July 22, 1960, zitsanzo za zida zankhondo zinasonyezedwa kwa utsogoleri wa dziko, wotsogoleredwa ndi N. S. Khrushchev, ku bwalo la maphunziro la Kapustin Yar. Umu ndi momwe mlengi wamkulu wa Ural Carriage Works L. N. Kartsev, yemwe adapereka tank yake ya missile ya IT-1, adakumbukira chochitika ichi:
