Zochitika pakugwiritsa ntchito ma helikopita ku ATO
Kuwunika kwa zomwe zikuchitika pankhondo ndi ndale padziko lapansi kumapereka chifukwa chotsimikizira kuti kuwopseza kwankhondo, kaya ndi nkhondo kapena nkhondo, zomwe zimabweretsa nkhanza zowonekera, motsutsana ndi Ukraine ndi mayiko ena, ndizofunikira. tsiku, monga umboni wa nkhanza zobisika za Chitaganya cha Russia kum'mawa kwa Ukraine. Zochitika za nkhondo zankhondo m'zaka zaposachedwa zikuwonetsanso kuti pankhondo iliyonse yam'deralo ndi mikangano yokhudzana ndi magulu ankhondo, ndege zankhondo zapansi panthaka zidatenga nawo gawo. Pali chizoloŵezi chosatsutsika chokhudza kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito yake pazochitika zankhondo, zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zapansi pa nkhondoyi.
Poganizira nkhaniyi m'mbiri, pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, Army Air Forces (AAF) momveka bwino kutenga nawo mbali mu nkhondo za m'deralo, kuyambira nkhondo Korea (1950-53). M'zaka zotsatira, adatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pankhondo ya Vietnam (1959-1973), mikangano ya Israeli-Arabiya ku Middle East mu 1967 ndi 1973. komanso pankhondo ku Afghanistan (1979-1989). Iwo anatsatiridwa ndi Persian Gulf Nkhondo (1990-1991), imene oposa 1600 Mgwirizano Helicopters anatenga mbali mu ntchito yolimbana ndi Iraq, nkhondo Chechnya (1999-2000), nkhondo Afghanistan (kuyambira 2001) ndi Iraq. (kuyambira 2003).b.). Onsewa adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kokhazikika pakufunika kwa LVL, makamaka helikopita, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake osati kungonyamula anthu ndi zida, komanso pafupifupi ntchito zonse zomenyera nkhondo zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa (thandizo lamoto lankhondo lanzeru). magulu, kusokonekera kwa dongosolo la adani ndikuwongolera, kuzindikira, kulondera mumsewu) ndi mizati yophimba, ndi zina).
LWL mu ATO
Tsoka ilo, nkhondo ndi mikangano ikuchitikabe, ndipo moto wowonjezereka wa mikangano yankhondo ukuyaka pafupifupi pakati pa Europe - ku Ukraine. Air Force of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine adagwira nawo ntchito yolimbana ndi zigawenga (Ukr. Anti-terrorist operation, ATO) kuyambira masiku ake oyambirira, mwachitsanzo m'chaka cha 2014. Pa gawo loyamba la ntchito, ntchito zake zinali makamaka kuchita kafukufuku m'malire a boma ndi kunyamula anthu ndi katundu. Pambuyo pake, pambuyo pa kusintha kwa nkhondoyo kukhala gawo la zida, ntchito zowonjezereka zinayamba kukhala zankhondo: kuthamangitsa ovulala ndi odwala, thandizo la ndege kwa asilikali apansi, kumenyana ndi adani ndi zida, kusamutsidwa kwa asilikali apadera. magulu, ndege zotsika, etc.
Pa gawo loyamba la nkhondo, chifukwa cha kutsutsa ofooka kwa adani, ntchito zinkachitika pamtunda wa 50-300 m, popanda zotsutsana ndi ndege ndi zotsutsana ndi mizinga. Ngakhale ambiri mwa ogwira ntchito pa helikopita anali ndi luso lankhondo pankhondo ya ku Afghanistan komanso nkhondo zam'deralo ndi ntchito zosunga mtendere m'maiko ena, m'kupita kwanthawi zidawoneka kuti sizinathandize kwenikweni m'malo atsopano. Mu Marichi-Epulo 2014, luso lomwe adapeza ndikuwuluka m'malo ovuta komanso luso lomwe adapeza pochita nawo ntchito zosunga mtendere anali okwanira kuti agwire bwino ntchito zomwe adapatsidwa ndi ntchito yocheperako, ndipo m'mikhalidwe yotsatila zinthu zidayamba. kuwongolera. zovuta.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, lamulo la ATO linayamba kuyika zidzolo, ndipo pang'ono zosatheka pazifukwa zaukadaulo, ntchito, ntchito zomwe sizinagwirizane ndi kuthekera kwa ma helikopita omwe ali ndi oyendetsa ndege, komanso zolakwika zidapangidwanso pokonzekera nthawi yomaliza. ntchito. pokhazikitsa ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutayika kwa anthu ndi zida. Chodabwitsa chinali kuwombera koyamba mu ma helikopita omwe akubwerera kuchokera ku mishoni, kapena chiwonongeko - komabe, pansi - pa helikopita yoyamba ya Mi-8, koma palibe oyendetsa ndegeyo adaganiza kuti nkhondoyo inali pafupi kuyamba. M'malingaliro awo, izi zidayamba pa Meyi 2, 2014, pomwe ma helikoputala a Mi-24 adawomberedwa ndipo ogwira ntchito awiri adamwalira nthawi yomweyo, ndipo helikopita ya Mi-8, yomwe idatera pafupi ndi pomwe idagwa, ndi ntchito yotulutsa omwe adapulumuka. ogwira nawo ntchito komanso matupi a anthu akufa, adapezeka pansi pamoto wamphepo yamkuntho. Mkulu wa gulu lofufuza ndi kupulumutsa anavulazidwa pankhondoyo. Komabe, khalidwe la ogwira ntchito paulendowo linali litatsala pang'ono kugwa, ndipo, ngakhale kuti zinthu zinasintha kwambiri, sanasiye kugwira ntchito zawo. Onse aŵiri aŵiriwo anadziŵa kuti mdaniyo anali wokonzekera bwino, amagwiritsira ntchito mwaluso zida zankhondo ndiponso ali ndi zida zaposachedwapa.
Kumapeto kwa masika a 2014, zinali zotheka kale kupanga ziganizo zokhudzana ndi mkangano wakum'mawa kwa Ukraine: kusowa kwa mzere wodziwika bwino, zigawenga zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito madera okhala ndi anthu ambiri ngati chivundikiro, kuyenda kwa mdani. m'madera onse a nkhondo, kuphatikizapo madera olamulidwa, popanda zopinga za chitetezo, komanso chidani chachikulu cha anthu akumeneko ku Ukraine ndi asilikali okhulupirika ku boma ku Kiev (kupatukana). Chifukwa cha thandizo la Russian Federation, zida zosagwirizana ndi malamulo zidayamba kuonekera, kuphatikizapo zida zotetezera ndege. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa ma helikopita omwe adawomberedwa ndikuwonongeka ndi MANPADS ndi zida zazing'ono za adani zidayamba kuchuluka.
Kupangidwa kwa zida zolimbana ndi ndege m'chigawo cha ATO kumaphatikizapo zida zaposachedwa komanso zazifupi zomwe zangoyamba kumene ndi Gulu Lankhondo la Russian Federation. M'nkhaniyi, m'pofunika, makamaka, kusintha zida za 9K333 Wierba zokhala ndi mutu wa infrared homing head (ultraviolet, pafupi ndi sing'anga infrared), zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhudzika kwakukulu komanso kusiyanasiyana kwa kuzindikira ndi kuyang'ana zomwe mukufuna. ndipo sangasokonezedwe (kusankha chandamale chokhazikika kumbuyo kwa kusokonezedwa) , kapena zodziyendetsa zokha, zida zankhondo -96K6 Pantsir-S1 anti-aircraft missile systems. Yotsirizirayi ili ndi: radar yolumikizira chandamale itatu yokhala ndi tinyanga tating'ono tating'ono; awiri-coordinate (millimeter-centimeter range) radar station yolondolera ndi kulunjika, yomwe imalola kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthasintha kwa mtundu uliwonse wa magwiridwe antchito; mayendedwe amagetsi owonera zomwe mukufuna komanso zoponya zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana; Imalimbananso kwambiri ndi zosokoneza zamtundu uliwonse chifukwa chophatikizira mu makina amodzi a radar ndi optoelectronic sensors omwe amagwira ntchito m'magawo otsatirawa: decimeter, centimeter, millimeter ndi infrared.
