Ntchito-Pomeranian-1945-r

Opaleshoni ya Pomeranian 1945

Pambuyo podutsa mzere wa chitetezo cha Germany pa Vistula mu January 1945, asilikali ambiri a ku Poland anatembenukira kumpoto, akuukira dera lonse lotchedwa Gdańsk Pomerania ndi Western Pomerania. Izi zinali kupereka kuukira komaliza ku Berlin.

Udindo wa Germany ku Eastern Front unali wosatsutsika kuyambira m'chilimwe cha 1943, pamene kuukira kopanda phindu pa Kursk Bulge kunachititsa kuti kutayika komaliza kwa njira ya Third Reich mu bwaloli la ntchito. Kuyambira pamenepo, okha Red Army anachita ntchito zonyansa kwambiri kumeneko, ndipo Ajeremani akanatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zochita zake ndi zigamba maenje kutsogolo, anatambasula kwa zikwi makilomita. Zonyenga zonse za "zosakhalitsa" zakum'mawa zinathetsedwa ku Berlin mu June-July 1944 - ndiye a Soviet adatha kugonjetsa adani ndipo panthawi yomwe Ajeremani adalimbikitsa South GA, kuyembekezera kuukira Romania ndi minda yake ya mafuta. , iwo anasiya chifukwa cha zokhumudwitsa m'chigawo chapakati cha kutsogolo (Operation Bagration). Chotsatira chake, chigawo cha Sredny GA chinatchingidwa ndi mpanda ndipo chinawonongedwa kwambiri, ndipo Sever GA inadulidwa ku Baltic. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, komanso ntchito Lvov-Sandomierz ikuchitika ndi 1 Chiyukireniya Front kum'mwera, Ajeremani anathamangitsidwa pafupifupi dera lonse la Soviet Union m'malire a 1941 ndi ogwirizana Western. Kwa kamphindi zinkawoneka kuti analidi mapeto a nkhondo - mu July 1944 panali kuukira Hitler, mothandizidwa ndi mbali yaikulu ya akazembe German, ndipo mu August, lotengeka motere, Poles anayamba Warsaw War. . Kuukira. Komabe, kunali kofulumira kulengeza kutha kwa nkhondo ...

Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ku Eastern Front kunasintha kwambiri mokomera USSR. M'chilimwe cha 1944, zosakwana 600 Km analekanitsa Berlin ku Red Army. Kugwa kwa 1944 kumalumikizidwa ndi ntchito zomwe zidachitika kum'mwera kwa Eastern Front ndikusintha kwa Romania kupita ku mbali ya mgwirizano wotsutsana ndi Hitler komanso kuyesa kofananako ndi a Slovaks (mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala 1944, motsatana). Panthawiyi, kuyambiranso kwa ntchito ku Poland - ku Berlin - kunakonzedwa kumayambiriro kwa 1945.

Pa January 12, 1945, ntchito ya Vistula-Oder inayamba, pamene asilikali a Soviet anasamuka kuchoka pa bridgeheads zitatu pa Vistula. Kenako, 1st Ukrainian Front (mtsogoleri wa Marshal Ivan Konev) anasamuka kuchokera pa bridgehead ku Baranov-Sandomiersky kupita ku Silesia, ndipo pa January 14, 1st Belorussian Front (Marshal Georgy Zhukov) anasamuka kuchokera ku Pulawsky ndi Magnushevsky bridgeheads ku Silesia. Wotsirizirayo adatha kudutsa chakutali kwambiri chakumadzulo, ndikugwira ma bridgeheads pamtsinje wa Odra m'chigawo cha Kostrzyn kumayambiriro kwa February. Mtunda wochokera ku Berlin unachepetsedwa kufika 60 km. Izi mosakayikira komanso, makamaka, kupambana mosayembekezeka (zolingazo zinaganiza zotuluka ku Posen, ndiyeno zotheka zina zosinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitikazo) zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chodulidwa ndi mdani, yemwe anazungulira Zhukow kuchokera kumpoto. .

Kum'mwera, inali yophimbidwa bwino ndi 1st Chiyukireniya Front, yomwe idapita patsogolo mwachangu komanso idakwanitsa kufika ku Oder. Komabe, kunali koipitsitsa kumpoto, kumene 2 Belorussian Front (BF) inali kuguba. Konstantin Rokossovsky amayenera kupita kumpoto, mofanana ndi 1 FB, kuthandizira asilikali a 3 FB (General Igor Chernyakhovsky; pambuyo pa imfa yake pa February 18, kutsogolo motsogoleredwa ndi Marshal A. Vasilevsky) ndi mbali ina ya 1 Baltic. Patsogolo (43rd Army). Ngakhale kuti womalizayo anali kusamalira kukana Germany ku Prussia, Rokossovsky anali kuyenda bwino pasadakhale pa Gdansk Pomerania, ndiyeno kupita ku Szczecin, kuphimba Zhukov kumpoto, monga Konev, kudutsa Lesser Poland ndi Silesia. .

Cholinga ichi, komabe, chinalephera - kutsutsa kwa Ajeremani ku Prussia kunali kwakukulu kwambiri, ndipo, mwa zina, chifukwa cha ichi, Rokossovsky anayenera kutembenukira mbali ya asilikali ake kumpoto ndikupita ku Vistula Lagoon. Chifukwa cha izi, East Prussia idachotsedwa mu Reich. Germany, amene asilikali anali pafupifupi 500 3 anthu. asilikali, adateteza kumeneko m'madera ena atatu: pa Sambian Peninsula, m'chigawo cha Krulevets ndi m'chigawo cha Branievo. Ntchito yoletsa ndi kuthetsa mphamvuzi idaperekedwa ku 2 FB, ndipo XNUMX FB inali kuyambiranso ntchito yake yoyambirira.