Operation Husky Gawo 1

Boti lotera la LCM likudumpha m'mbali mwa USS Leonard Wood kupita ku magombe a Sicily; July 10, 1943

Pankhani ya nkhondo zapambuyo pake zomwe mbiriyakale yakhala ikudziwika kwambiri, monga Operation Overlord, Kufika kwa Allied ku Sicily kungawoneke ngati chochitika chaching'ono. Komabe, m’chilimwe cha 1943, palibe amene anaganizapo za izo. Operation Husky inali njira yoyamba yotsimikizika yotengedwa ndi ogwirizana ndi Western kuti amasule Europe. Koposa zonse, inali ntchito yoyamba yayikulu yophatikiza mphamvu zapanyanja, zamlengalenga ndi zakumtunda - pochita, kuyeserera kavalidwe kofikira ku Normandy chaka chamawa. Polemetsedwa ndi chokumana nacho choipa cha ndawala ya Kumpoto kwa Afirika ndi tsankho lomwe linatsatirapo, ilo linatsimikiziranso kukhala limodzi la mikangano yaikulu m’mbiri ya mgwirizano wa Anglo-America.

Mu 1942/1943, Roosevelt ndi Churchill anali pansi pa chitsenderezo chowonjezereka kuchokera kwa Stalin. Nkhondo ya Stalingrad inali itangoyamba kumene, ndipo anthu a ku Russia anafuna kuti "kutsogolo kwachiwiri" kukhazikitsidwe kumadzulo kwa Ulaya mwamsanga, komwe kukanawatsitsa. Panthawiyi, asilikali a Anglo-America anali asanakonzekere kuukira English Channel, monga momwe anatera ku Dieppe mu August 1942 anasonyezera momvetsa chisoni. Malo okhawo ku Ulaya kumene Allies a Kumadzulo akanatha kumenyana ndi Ajeremani pamtunda anali kum'mwera kwa kontinenti. .

"Tidzakhala nthabwala"

Lingaliro la kutsetsereka kwamadzi ku Sicily lidayamba ku London m'chilimwe cha 1942, pomwe Gulu Lankhondo Lophatikiza Mapulani a Gulu Lankhondo lidayamba kuganizira zomwe zidachitika ndi asitikali aku Britain mu 1943. Kenako mipherezero iwiri yofunika kwambiri idadziwika mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Sicily ndi Sardinia, yomwe idalandira mayina amtundu wa Husky ndi Sulfur. Sardinia wotetezedwa pang'ono akadatha kugwidwa miyezi ingapo yapitayo, koma chinali chandamale chosadalirika. Ngakhale kuti inali yoyenera kuyendetsa ndege kuchokera kumeneko, asilikali apansi adatha kugwiritsira ntchito ngati malo a commando poukira kum'mwera kwa France ndi kumtunda kwa Italy. Choyipa chachikulu cha Sardinia kuchokera kumagulu ankhondo chinali kusowa kwa madoko ndi magombe oyenera kumatera kuchokera kunyanja.

Pamene chipambano cha Britain ku El Alamein ndi kutera bwino kwa Mabungwe Ogwirizana ku Morocco ndi Algiers (Operation Torch) mu November 1942 zinapatsa Ogwirizana chiyembekezo cha kutha mofulumira kwa maudani ku North Africa, Churchill anafuula kuti: “Tidzakhala choseketsa ngati m’ngululu ndi m’chilimwe cha 1943. zidapezeka kuti palibe asitikali aku Britain kapena aku America omwe ali pankhondo kulikonse ndi Germany kapena Italy. Choncho, pamapeto pake, kusankha kwa Sicily monga cholinga cha ndawala yotsatira kunatsimikiziridwa ndi maganizo a ndale - pokonzekera zochita za 1943, Churchill anayenera kuganizira kukula kwa ntchito iliyonse kuti athe kupereka kwa Stalin. monga cholowa m'malo odalirika kuukira France. Kotero chisankhocho chinagwera ku Sicily - ngakhale panthawiyi chiyembekezo chochita ntchito yokafika kumeneko sichinadzutse chidwi.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro abwino, kuyambitsa kampeni yonse ya ku Italy kunali kulakwitsa, ndipo kutera ku Sicily kunakhala chiyambi cha njira yopita kulikonse. Nkhondo ya Monte Cassino ikutsimikizira kuti kuukira kwa Apennine Peninsula kunali kovuta komanso kosafunikira. Chiyembekezo cha kugwetsa Mussolini chinali chitonthozo chochepa, popeza Italiya, monga ogwirizana, anali olemetsa kwa Ajeremani kuposa chuma. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mkanganowo, unapanga pang'ono retroactively, nawonso anagwa - mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo za ogwirizana, zokhumudwitsa awo wotsatira mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean sanamange magulu ankhondo aakulu adani ndipo sanapereke mpumulo waukulu kwa mbali zina (kum'mawa, ndiyeno kumadzulo). ).

Anthu a ku Britain, ngakhale kuti sanakhulupirire kuti Sicily anaukira, tsopano anayenera kugonjetsa lingalirolo kwa anthu aku America omwe amakayikira kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zimenezi chinali msonkhano wa ku Casablanca mu January 1943. Kumeneko, Churchill "anajambula" Roosevelt (Stalin anakana kubwera) kuti achite Opaleshoni Husky, ngati n'kotheka, mu June - mwamsanga pambuyo pa chigonjetso ku North Africa. Zokayika zilipobe. Monga Captain Butcher, wothandizira panyanja wa Eisenhower: Titatenga Sicily, tinangodziluma m'mbali.

“Ayenera kukhala mkulu wa asilikali, osati ineyo”

Ku Casablanca, a British, omwe anali okonzekera bwino zokambiranazi, adapezanso chipambano china chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwawo. Ngakhale General Dwight Eisenhower anali mtsogoleri wamkulu, maudindo ena onse adatengedwa ndi a British. Wachiwiri kwa Eisenhower ndi mkulu wa asilikali ogwirizana pa nthawi ya kampeni ku Tunisia ndi zokopa zotsatira, kuphatikizapo ku Sicily, anali General Harold Alexander. Asilikali apanyanja adayikidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa Adm. Andrew Cunningham, Mtsogoleri wa Royal Navy ku Mediterranean. Komanso, udindo woyendetsa ndege unaperekedwa kwa Marshal Arthur Tedder, mkulu wa Allied Air Force ku Mediterranean.