Iye anagonjetsa dziko koma anagwada kwa cholembera

"Zogulitsa zathu zapita njira yolakwika ndipo zomwe zilimo sizikugwirizana ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu," adatero protagonist wa nkhaniyi, mabiliyoni wachichepere yemwe amalemekezedwa kwambiri padziko lapansi, adatero posachedwa. Komabe, ku China, ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito pa intaneti komanso msika wapa media, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kudzidzudzula kotereku - ngakhale ngati mphunzitsi wamphamvu wapamwamba kwambiri.

Ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika za zakale za Zhang Yiming. Anabadwa mu April 1983. Mu 2001 adalowa ku yunivesite ya Nankai ku Tianjin, komwe adayamba kuphunzira ma microelectronics, kenako adasinthira ku mapulogalamu, omwe adamaliza maphunziro ake mu 2005. Anakumana ndi mkazi wake ku yunivesite.

Mu February 2006, anakhala wantchito wachisanu ndi injiniya woyamba wa Guksun Tourism Service, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi adakwezedwa udindo wa mkulu luso. Mu 2008, adasamukira ku Microsoft. Komabe, kumeneko adakhumudwa kwambiri ndi malamulo amakampani ndipo posakhalitsa adalowa nawo ku Fanfou. Izi zidakanika, kotero pomwe kampani yakale ya Zhang, Kuxun, idatsala pang'ono kugulidwa ndi Expedia mu 2009, ngwazi yathu idatenga bizinesi ya Kuxun yogulitsa malo ndikuyambitsa. 99fang.com, kampani yanu yoyamba.

Zaka zingapo ndi kupambana padziko lonse lapansi

Mu 2011, Zhang adawona kusamuka kwakukulu kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuchokera pamakompyuta kupita ku mafoni am'manja. Adalemba ntchito manejala waukadaulo yemwe adatenga udindo wa CEO wa 99fang.com kenako adasiya kampaniyo kuti akapeze ByteDance mu 2012. (1).

1. Likulu la ByteDance ku China

Anazindikira kuti ogwiritsa ntchito mafoni a ku China amavutika kuti apeze zambiri komanso kuti chimphona chofufuzira Baidu chikusokoneza zotsatira ndi zotsatsa zobisika. Panalinso vuto pakuwunika kokhazikika ku China. Zhang ankakhulupirira kuti zambiri zitha kuperekedwa bwino kuposa momwe Baidu amachitira yekha.

Masomphenya ake anali oti alankhule zomwe zasankhidwa bwino kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kudzera pamalangizo opangidwa ndi Nzeru zochita kupanga. Poyamba, ochita malonda sankakhulupirira lingaliro ili, ndipo wamalonda anali ndi vuto lalikulu lopeza ndalama zachitukuko. Pomaliza, Susquehanna International Group idavomera kuyika ndalama mu lingaliro lake. Mu Ogasiti 2012, ByteDance idakhazikitsa pulogalamu yazambiri ya Toutiao, yomwe idakopa kuposa Ogwiritsa ntchito 13 miliyoni tsiku lililonse. Mu 2014, kampani yodziwika bwino ya ndalama za Sequoia Capital, yomwe poyamba inakana ntchito ya Zhang, inapereka ndalama zokwana madola 100 miliyoni ku kampaniyo.

Zomwe zidapangitsa ByteDance kuchita bwino kwambiri sizinali zolemba, koma makanema. Ngakhale munthawi yamakompyuta, chifukwa chamakampani ngati YY Inc. Masamba omwe anthu amaimba ndikuvina m'malo owonetsera kuti awine mphatso zapaintaneti kuchokera kwa mafani aphwanya mbiri yotchuka. Zhang ndi ByteDance adawona mwayiwu ndikubetcha pavidiyo yayifupi kwambiri. Mavidiyo 15 achiwiri.

Chakumapeto kwa Seputembara 2016, idayamba popanda kukangana kwambiri. douyin. Pulogalamuyi idalola ogwiritsa ntchito kujambula ndikusintha zithunzi, kuwonjezera zosefera, ndikugawana nawo pamapulatifomu osiyanasiyana monga Weibo, Twitter, kapena WeChat. Mawonekedwewa adasangalatsa m'badwo wazaka chikwi ndipo adadziwika kwambiri kotero kuti WeChat, poopa mpikisano, adaletsa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi. Patatha chaka chimodzi, ByteDance idapeza malowa $800 miliyoni. Nyimbo.ly. Zhang adawona mgwirizano pakati pa pulogalamu yotchuka ya kanema yopangidwa ku China ku US ndi Douyin kapena TikTokyem, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kumadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ndi dzinali. Kotero iye anaphatikiza mautumikiwo, ndipo zinakhala ngati diso la ng'ombe.

Ogwiritsa ntchito a TikTok nthawi zambiri amakhala achinyamata omwe amajambula mavidiyo awo akuimba, kuvina, nthawi zina kumangoimba, nthawi zina kumangovina nyimbo zodziwika bwino. Ntchito yosangalatsa ndikutha kusintha mafilimu, kuphatikizapo "zachitukuko", ndiko kuti, pamene ntchito zofalitsidwa ndi ntchito ya anthu oposa mmodzi. Pulatifomu imalimbikitsa kwambiri ogwiritsa ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi ena kudzera muzomwe zimatchedwa njira yoyankhira makanema kapena mawonekedwe amawu omvera.

Kwa "opanga" a TikTok, pulogalamuyi imapereka mawu osiyanasiyana, kuyambira makanema anyimbo otchuka mpaka timawu tating'ono ta makanema apa TV, makanema a YouTube, kapena "memes" ena opangidwa pa TikTok. Mutha kujowina "zovuta" kuti mupange china chake kapena kutenga nawo gawo popanga meme yovina. Ngakhale ma memes ali ndi mbiri yoyipa pamapulatifomu ambiri ndipo nthawi zina amaletsedwa, mu ByteDance, m'malo mwake, lingaliro lonse la zochitikazo limachokera ku chilengedwe ndi kugawa kwawo.

Monga ndi mapulogalamu ambiri ofanana, timapeza zotsatira zingapo, zosefera ndi zomata zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu (2). Kuphatikiza apo, TikTok yapangitsa kusintha kwamavidiyo kukhala kosavuta kwambiri. Simufunikanso kukhala katswiri mu kusintha kuika pamodzi tatifupi kuti akhoza kutuluka wokongola mwaukhondo.

2. Chitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito TikTok

Wogwiritsa ntchito akatsegula pulogalamuyo, chinthu choyamba chomwe amawona sichakudya chodziwitsa anzawo, monga pa Facebook kapena Twitter, koma Tsamba "Kwa Inu". Ndi njira yopangidwa ndi ma algorithms a AI kutengera zomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adalumikizana nazo. Ndipo ngati ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe angasindikize lero, amalembedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti apeze zovuta zamagulu, ma hashtag kapena kuwonera nyimbo zotchuka. Algorithm ya TikTok samagwirizanitsa aliyense ndi gulu limodzi la abwenzi, komabe amayesa kusamutsa wosuta kumagulu atsopano, mitu, zochitika. Izi mwina ndiye kusiyana kwakukulu komanso kusinthika kuchokera pamapulatifomu ena.

Makamaka chifukwa cha kuphulika kwapadziko lonse pakutchuka kwa TikTok, ByteDance pakadali pano ndi yamtengo wapatali pafupifupi $100 biliyoni, kupitilira Uber ndikuyambitsa kofunikira kwambiri padziko lapansi. Facebook, Instagram ndi Snapchat akuwopa, kuyesera kudziteteza kuti TikTok ikule ndi ntchito zatsopano zomwe zimatsanzira mawonekedwe a pulogalamu yaku China - koma osachita bwino.

Artificial intelligence imapereka nkhani

ByteDance yachita bwino kwambiri pakati pamakampani aku China pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka chifukwa cha TikTok, yomwe ndi yotchuka kwambiri ku Asia ndi US. Komabe Choyambirira cha Zhang, chomwe chikuwoneka kuti ndichofunika kwambiri kwa woyambitsa, chinali pulogalamu yankhani Toutiao, yomwe yakula kukhala banja la malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mzake ndipo tsopano ali m'gulu la otchuka kwambiri ku China. Ogwiritsa ntchito ali kale oposa 600 miliyoni, omwe 120 miliyoni amatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse. Pafupifupi, aliyense wa iwo amathera mphindi 74 patsiku ndikugwiritsa ntchito izi.

Toutiao amatanthauza "mitu, zowunikira" mu Chitchaina. Pa luso lamakono, imakhalabe yosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa ntchito yake imachokera ku kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga, pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms odzipangira okha kuti avomereze nkhani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya owerenga.

Zhang amakulitsanso Toutiao nthawi zonse ndi zinthu zatsopano, zomwe pamodzi zimapanga mautumiki ogwirizana (3). Kuphatikiza pa Tik Toki/Douyin tatchulazi, mwachitsanzo, mapulogalamu adapangidwa Hipstar i Video Siguayomwe idadzikhazikitsa mwachangu ngati imodzi mwamakanema otchuka kwambiri ku China. Pazonse, Toutiao imapereka mapulogalamu asanu ndi limodzi ku China ndi awiri pamsika waku US. Posachedwapa zidanenedwa kuti pulogalamu ya Kuaipai yofanana ndi Snapchat ikuyesedwa.

3. Toutiao App Banja

Kampaniyo idalowera njira yolakwika

Mavuto a Toutiao pakuwunika ku China adakhala ovuta kuwathetsa kuposa kupeza ndalama zachitukuko ndikugonjetsa dziko lapansi ndi pulogalamu yamavidiyo oseketsa. Akuluakulu amalanga kampaniyo mobwerezabwereza chifukwa chosowa zosefera zoyenera ndikuzikakamiza kuchotsa zomwe zili pa seva yawo.

Mu Epulo 2018, ByteDance idalandira Lamulo Loyimitsa Ntchito za Toutiao. Akuluakuluwo anafunsanso kutseka ntchito ina yabizinesi - Neihan Duanzi, malo ochezera omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagawana nthabwala ndi makanema oseketsa. Zhang adakakamizika kufalitsa kupepesa ndi kudzidzudzula pa Weibo, China chofanana ndi Twitter. Iye analemba kuti kampani yake inapita "yolakwika" ndi "kusiya ogwiritsa ntchito ake". Ili ndi gawo lamwambo womwe umayenera kuchitidwa potsatira zomwe State Council for Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, bungwe la State Council for Press, Publication, lomwe linapangidwa kuti lilamulire ndi kuyang'anira ntchito zofalitsa nkhani ku Middle Kingdom. Mmenemo, ByteDance anaimbidwa mlandu wopanga pulogalamu kunyoza ulemu wa anthu. Mauthenga otumizidwa pa pulogalamu ya Toutiao adayenera odana ndi makhalidwendipo nthabwala za Neihan Duanzi zimatchedwa "zokongola" (chilichonse chomwe chikutanthauza). Akuluakulu a boma adanena kuti pazifukwa izi, nsanja za ByteDance "zinayambitsa mkwiyo wambiri pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti."

Tutiao akuimbidwa mlandu wokonda kukopa chidwi, mphekesera, komanso mphekesera zochititsa manyazi osati nkhani zenizeni. Izi zingatiseke, koma PRC ikulimbana ndi nkhani zakupha zomwe Zhang sakanatha kuzisiya. Adalonjeza kuti ByteDance ichulukitsa gulu lowunika kuchokera kwa anthu XNUMX mpaka XNUMX, kupanga mndandanda wakuda wa ogwiritsa ntchito oletsedwa, ndikupanga matekinoloje abwinoko owunikira ndikuwonetsa zomwe zili. Ngati akufuna kupitiliza kugwira ntchito ku China, palibe njira yotulukira.

Mwina ndichifukwa cha kuyandikira kwa akuluakulu aku China kuti Zhang akugogomezera kuti kampani yake sibizinesi yofalitsa nkhani.

adatero poyankhulana mu 2017, ndikuwonjezera kuti salemba ntchito akonzi kapena atolankhani.

M'malo mwake, mawu awa atha kutumizidwa kwa owerengera aku China kuti asatenge ByteDance ngati media media.

Pangani ndalama kutchuka

Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za Zhang Yiming tsopano ndikusintha kutchuka ndi kuchuluka kwa mawebusayiti kukhala kakobiri. Kampaniyo imalemekezedwa kwambiri, koma iyi ndi bonasi kutchuka kuposa zotsatira za phindu lenileni. Choncho, Zhang posachedwapa kukula mu munda wa malonda otsatsa, makamaka patsamba lankhani la Toutiao. Kufikirako komanso chidwi chomwe zinthuzi zimapanga ndizokopa zachilengedwe kwa otsatsa, koma zotsatsa zapadziko lonse lapansi ndizopewa ngozi. Chinthu chachikulu cha kusatsimikizika ndi khalidwe losayembekezereka censorship yaku China. Ngati mwadzidzidzi zikuwoneka kuti kampani ikufunika kutseka ntchito yanthabwala yomwe imafikira anthu mamiliyoni makumi ambiri, otsatsa amapereka kudzutsa kwamphamvu.

4. Zhang Yiming ndi CEO wa Apple Tim Cook

Woyambitsa ByteDance sangathe ndipo sayenera kuyankhapo pazitsutsa izi. M'mafunso ambiri, nthawi zambiri amalankhula za mphamvu zaukadaulo za kampani yake, monga ma aligorivimu anzeru zopangapanga zomwe palibe wina aliyense padziko lapansi ali nazo, komanso zosadalirika za data (4). Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti ma apparatchik omwe amamudzudzula alibe nkhawa.