Omar - crustacean wamphamvu kwambiri wa zida zankhondo zaku Poland
Zida zankhondo

Omar - crustacean wamphamvu kwambiri wa zida zankhondo zaku Poland

28.07.2022 /

Kuwombera kogwira mtima kwa woyambitsa wa HIMARS pakukhazikitsa zida zankhondo zoyendetsedwa ndi GMLRS.

Dongosolo la zida zaukadaulo za Gulu Lankhondo la 2013-2022 limapereka kugula ma module amoto (DMOs) a zida zakutali za "Khomar" monga gawo la pulogalamu ya "Modernization of missile Forces and Artillery". " Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha National wasankha kuti Homar apangidwe ngati gawo la mgwirizano wamakampani aku Poland motsogozedwa ndi Huta Stalowa Wola SA, yomwe idzakhazikitse mgwirizano ndi mnzake wakunja wosankhidwa ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha National - wopereka ukadaulo wa missile. Zosankha za yemwe adzakhala layisensi komanso kusaina pangano kuti akwaniritse ntchito zonse zitha kuyembekezera chaka chino, ndipo ma module oyamba a Lobster adzaperekedwa ku mayunitsi ku 2018.

Pulogalamu ya Homar ndi yovomerezeka - muzofalitsa ndi zokopa - zoperekedwa monga zomwe zimatchedwa. Kuyankha kwa Polish kwa Iskander, komanso mozama monga gawo la otchedwa. Polskie Kłów, ndiye kuti, makina opangira zida zankhondo omwe amayenera kupanga dongosolo la ku Poland loletsa kuletsa wamba. Kuphatikiza pa ma nuances a chiphunzitso cha kuletsa zida zankhondo komanso nkhani zabodza zomwe zatchulidwa koyambirira, zomwe zimadzutsa mawu odziwika bwino onena za jamu ngati mpesa waku North, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kubwezeretsanso ndi kukulitsa Rocket yathu. ndi Artillery Forces (VRiA) ndizofunikira chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu lomwe magulu ankhondo amtunduwu amachita pabwalo lankhondo lamakono. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsa bwino kwa pulogalamu ya Homar kudzakulitsa zida za rocket. Pakadali pano, ali ndi zida zoponya za 122 mm zokha: WR-40 Langusta, RM-70/85 ndi 9K51 Grad, zomwe zimalola kuwombera pamtunda mpaka 20 km (ndi mivi yoyambira) mpaka 40 km (ndi Feniks- Z ndi Feniks-HE), pogwiritsa ntchito maroketi osayendetsedwa okha. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu watsopano wa rocket wowombera "Khomar" mu zida zankhondo kuyenera kukulitsa kuchuluka kwazomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi moto, komanso kulondola komanso kuzimitsa moto. Cholinga cha Homar ndikumanganso zida zankhondo zaku Poland za mizinga yowongoka.

Zakale ndi zamtsogolo

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mtundu watsopano wa mizinga yanzeru yochokera ku Khomar kudzabwezeretsanso mphamvu zomenyera zomwe zidatayika ndikuchotsedwa kwa zida za 9K79 Tochka. Pa nthawi ya Pangano la Warsaw, VRiA yaku Poland inali ndi zida zankhondo zogwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru komanso zida zankhondo zanzeru, zomwe zidali ndi zida zankhondo zaku Soviet, zomwe zidalembedwa mu chiphunzitso chapano cha ntchito za Warsaw Pact. Pa nthawi ya kutha kwa mgwirizanowu, ma brigades anayi - kuphatikizapo maphunziro - a mivi yogwiritsira ntchito-tactical mu zenizeni zatsopano za ndale adasinthidwa kukhala zida za misala, kenako anachotsedwa ndi kutha kwa ntchito ya 8K14 / 9K72 Elbrus complexes. , omwe njira zawo zamaluso ndi zaukadaulo zidakonzedweratu kuti ziwonongedwe mosagwirizana (nyukiliya kapena mankhwala). Kumbali inayi, pafupifupi magulu khumi ndi awiri a zida zoponyera zida zidakonzedwanso, kuphatikizidwa kukhala zida zankhondo zanzeru, kenako ndikutha pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zotsatila. Chifukwa chake, makina a 9K52 Luna-M ndi 9K79 Tochka adakhalabe muutumiki kwanthawi yayitali, atasiya ntchito mu 2001 ndi 2005. zinali zosafunikira. Komabe, Lun ndi Tochka adachotsedwa popanda kusinthidwa ndi zida zatsopano, motero a Ground Forces adataya mphamvu yakuponya mizinga pamtunda wa 60-70 km. Tsopano muyenera kuyamba pafupifupi chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi ndi pulogalamu ya Lobster.

Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera apa kuti gulu lankhondo la Polish silinayambe lakhalapo ndi zida zankhondo zamtundu waukulu kuposa Grad, 9K57 Uragan (220 mm) kapena 9K58 Smerch (300 mm). Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu ya Khomar kudzalola, kumbali imodzi, kupeza kuthekera kwatsopano pantchito yamadontho ambiri (kukulirapo, ngati tiganizira za chitukuko cha zida zoponya zokha, zomwe zimachitidwa pawokha. zaka makumi awiri zapitazi) ndipo nthawi yomweyo kubwezeretsa mphamvu zomenyera nkhondo m'munda wa zida zoponya zolondola kwambiri. Ndiye tiyeni tiwone zomwe mungasankhe.

HIMARS ndi ATACMS

Pampikisano wa mgwirizano wa Lobster yamtsogolo, Lockheed Martin (LMC) ndi HIMARS yake (High Mobility Artillery Rocket System), i.e. zida zonyamula zida zonyamula zida zapamwamba kwambiri, zachidziwikire, khalani ndi malo amphamvu kwambiri. Mwachidziwitso, ndikuchokera ku dongosolo lodziwika bwino la M270 MLRS (machitidwe angapo oyambitsa roketi), omwe adaperekedwa kwa Asitikali aku US mu 1983. Oyambitsa MLRS oyambilira, M993, adagwiritsa ntchito chassis yankhondo ya M987. Woyambitsa MLRS aliyense anali ndi zida ziwiri za 6 mm caliber modular modular zozungulira 227 iliyonse. Mtundu wa roketi wokhazikika unali M26 wosasunthika wokhala ndi ma 32 km osiyanasiyana, onyamula mutu wankhondo wamagulu okhala ndi 644 M77 zozungulira zophulika kwambiri. Posakhalitsa, mizinga ya M26A1 idapangidwa ndikuwonjezeka mpaka 45 km, kunyamula ma rocket 518 atsopano a M85 HEAT, odalirika kuposa M77 (peresenti yotsika ya zida zosaphulika). Panalinso mzinga wapakatikati, M26A2, womwe unali wofanana ndi mtundu wa A1 pamapangidwe, koma unanyamula mivi yothandiza ya M77 isanafike pamlingo woyenera kupanga ma M85 atsopano.

Dongosolo la M270 / A1 / B1 MLRS lidakhala lopambana kwambiri, ladziwonetsa mumikangano yambiri yankhondo, ndipo lapezanso olandila ambiri ku NATO (USA, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Turkey) ndipo alibe (kuphatikiza Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea, Finland). Mkati mwa chisinthiko chake, MLRS mu 1986 idakhalanso oyambitsa m'badwo watsopano wa zida zankhondo (molingana ndi gulu la NATO) zoponya zankhondo zaku US Army, i.e. asilikali tactical missile system MGM-140 (ATACMS), yomwe inalowa m'malo mwa MGM-52 Lance yakale.

ATACMS idapangidwa poyambilira ndi Ling-Temco-Vought Corporation (LTV, yomwe inali gawo la gulu la Loral, lomwe tsopano ndi Lockheed Martin Missiles & Fire Control). Kukula kwa roketi kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kukweza chidebe chake chotsegulira m'malo mwa phukusi limodzi lozungulira mamilimita 227, chifukwa chomwe MLRS imatha kukhala chowombera chowombera.

Komabe, MLRS, chifukwa chonyamulira mbozi yolemera pafupifupi matani 25, inali ndi njira zochepa zoyenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Asitikali aku US okha ndi omwe adagwiritsa ntchito MLRS ku US Armed Forces, ndipo inali yolemetsa kwambiri kwa Asitikali apanyanja. Pazifukwa izi, mtundu wopepuka wa M270 unapangidwa, i.e. dongosolo losankhidwa ku US ngati M142 HIMARS, lokwezedwa ngati HIMARS ku Poland. Dongosolo latsopanoli limagwiritsa ntchito 5-ton off-road truck from Oshkosh FMTV series mu 6x6 kasinthidwe ngati chonyamulira. Chassis yake imakhala ndi choyambitsa paketi imodzi yokhala ndi mizere isanu ndi umodzi ya 227mm kapena kuzungulira kumodzi kwa ATACMS. Kuchepetsa kulemera kwankhondo mpaka matani 11 ndi miyeso yaying'ono idatsogolera

kuti HIMARS adagulanso USMC. Apa Marines tsopano atha kunyamula zoyambitsa za HIMARS m'ndege ya KC-130J Super Hercules yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito. American HIMARS ili ndi ma cockpits okhala ndi zida, zomwe zimawonjezera chitetezo, kuphatikiza pankhondo za asymmetric. Dongosolo loyang'anira moto pakompyuta limakupatsani mwayi wowongolera choyambitsa ndi moto kuchokera mkati mwagalimoto. Navigation system imagwiritsa ntchito nsanja za inertial ndi GPS.

Posankha HIMARS, Poland imatha kusankha chonyamulira cha ma axle atatu kapena anayi. LMC imapereka kuphatikiza ndi chassis iliyonse, kotero FMTV siyenera kukhala yachilendo kwa Asitikali aku Poland.

Chombo chowombera mzinga cha HIMARS chimayikidwa pamtunda wozungulira, chifukwa chomwe dongosololi limatha kusankha mwaufulu malo owombera ndipo lili ndi malo akuluakulu amoto, omwe amachepetsa nthawi yolowa kunkhondo ndikusintha malo. Chidwi pa nkhani ya HIMARS ndi kukana kwa miyendo yopindika ya hydraulic, chifukwa chomwe woyambitsa kuwombera amagwedezeka mwamphamvu pambuyo poti projectile iliyonse yathamangitsidwa. Komabe, izi sizikhudza kulondola kwa moto. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa cha lingaliro lovomerezeka la kugwiritsa ntchito, HIMARS imawotcha makatiriji olondola kwambiri, i.e. M30/M31 mu 227mm ndi ATACMS. Zachidziwikire, HIMARS imatha kuwombera zida zilizonse za MLRS Family of Munitions (MFOM), kuphatikiza mabanja a rocket osayendetsedwa ndi M26 ndi M28. Kugwedezeka kwa zoyambitsa, zomwe zimawoneka pambuyo powombera zida za MFOM, sizikhudza kulondola kwa mivi yowomba, motsogozedwa komanso osayendetsedwa. Pulojekiti yosasunthika ya M26 imasiya kalozera wa chubu loyambitsa kuyankha kwake kusanamveke mokwanira kukhudza kulondola. Pambuyo powombera, kugwedezeka koyima kumayima mwachangu, kulola kuti salvo yotsatira ikwaniritse kulondola komwe kumafunikira.

Zoponya M30 / M31 zimadziwika kuti GMLRS (Guided MLRS), yomwe ndi MLRS yowongoleredwa yomwe imatha kuyendetsa ndikuwongolera nthawi yowuluka. Ndi chitukuko cha ma roketi osayendetsedwa ndi M26. Chiwongolero chilichonse chimakhala ndi chiwongolero chotsekereza phokoso potengera GPS navigation ya inertial ndi satellite, mphuno yokhala ndi zowongolera zakuthambo. Kukhoza kukonza njira (pamodzi ndi flattening) ya projectile yomwe ikubwera inapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke maulendo a ndege ku 70 km (min. 15 km) ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kuchepetsa Kulakwitsa kozungulira (CEP) mpaka osachepera 10. m. GMLRS ili ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 396 ndipo ndithudi 227 mm (mwadzina) m'mimba mwake. Poyamba, roketi ya M30 inanyamula ma roketi 404 M85. M31, yomwe imatchedwanso GMLRS Unitary, inali ndi mutu wankhondo wogwirizana wokhala ndi TNT wofanana ndi 90 kg, wokhala ndi fuse yochita kawiri (kukhudzana kapena kuchedwa kuphulika ndikuchitapo kanthu). Mtundu wapano wa GMLRS imodzi yomwe ikupanga ndi M31A1, yomwe ili ndi njira yowonjezera ya airburst chifukwa cha fuse yoyandikira. Lockheed Martin adayenereranso M30A1 AW (Alternative Warhead). Amadziwika ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mzinga wa M30 pafupifupi 1% pa zolinga zapamtunda kuphatikizapo ziro mlingo wa zida.

Padziko lonse lapansi, magulu amagulu amagulu ali ndi, mwatsoka, PR yoipa kwambiri, kotero gulu lalikulu la mayiko alowa nawo zomwe zimatchedwa. Convention on Cluster Munitions, kusiya zida zotere. Mwamwayi, Poland siili pakati pawo, komanso mayiko ochepa omwe amadziteteza kwambiri kapena amapanga zida zamagulu, kuphatikizapo US ndi Israel (komanso Russia, China, Turkey, Republic of Korea, India, Belarus ndi Finland). ). Wina angadabwe ngati Poland ingafunike zida zamagulu 227mm zosayendetsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, oimira LMC ali okonzeka kupereka lingaliro la kugwiritsa ntchito mutu wankhondo wa M30A1 AW.

Pogula dongosolo la HIMARS, Poland ikanathanso kulandira zida zophunzitsira, i.e. ma roketi osayang'aniridwa ndi M28A2 okhala ndi ma aerodynamics opotoka mwadala komanso osiyanasiyana mpaka 8÷15 km.

Mivi yonse ya 227mm ikhoza kusungidwa m'ma module awo osindikizidwa kwa zaka 10 popanda kufunikira kokonza.

Zimakhala zovuta kuwerengera mwayi wa dongosolo la HIMARS kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito (makamaka mayiko omwe sangakwanitse kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida zambiri zankhondo) - kuthekera kosintha mosavuta komanso mwachangu woyambitsa zida zankhondo kukhala chowombera chowombera. Pankhaniyi, mzinga wa ATACMS womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa. Tidzalambalala mbiri ya chitukuko chake, ndikudziyika tokha ku chisankho chomwe akufuna ku Poland. Ndi mtundu wa ATACMS Block 1A (Unitary) - wokhala ndi mutu umodzi wankhondo womwe sumalekanitsa pakuwuluka - wokhala ndi mtunda wa 300 km, i.e. Operational-tactical missile (malinga ndi gulu lakale la Warsaw Pact) - malinga ndi zofunikira za pulogalamu ya Homar. ATACMS conical fuselage yooneka ngati fuselage inali ndi malo anayi aaerodynamic omwe amawonekera atawombera. Pafupifupi 2/3 ya kutalika kwake kumakhala ndi injini yolimba. Kutsogolo kuli zida zankhondo ndi zida zowongolera, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbana ndi jam komanso GPS navigation. Chipolopolocho chili ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 396 masentimita ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi masentimita 61. Mutu wankhondo umalemera mapaundi 500 (pafupifupi 230 kg - kulemera kwa projectile yonse ndi chinsinsi). CEP imafika pamtengo mkati mwa 10 m, kupanga Block IA yolondola kwambiri kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda kuopa kuwononga kwambiri mwangozi (malo owononga chiwonongeko ndi pafupifupi 100 m). Zimenezi zingakhale zofunika kwambiri ngati mzingawo uponyedwa pazifukwa za m’tauni kapena pokumana mwachindunji ndi asilikali ake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe a zida zankhondo ndi njira yopulumutsira, malinga ndi oimira BMO, ndi abwino kwambiri pogonjetsa zolinga zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa komanso zotchedwa zofewa. Izi zatsimikiziridwa panthawi ya mayesero oyenerera komanso panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito nkhondo.

Woyambitsa dongosolo la Lynx amawotcha 160mm LAR projectiles.

Mwa njira, mphamvu za pempho la LMC ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zida za GMLRS ndi ATACMS ndi kuchuluka kwake. Pakadali pano, zida za 3100 GMLRS zaponyedwa pankhondo (zopitilira 30 zopangidwa!). Kumbali ina, zidutswa za 000 za zosintha zonse za zida za ATACMS zapangidwa kale (kuphatikiza 3700 Block IA Unitary), ndipo pafupifupi 900 mwa iwo adathamangitsidwa muzochitika zankhondo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ATACMS ikhale mizinga yamakono yoyendetsedwa kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomenya nkhondo mzaka zapitazi.

Tiyenera kutsindika kuti HIMARS ya Lockheed Martin yopereka kwa Homar ndi njira yodalirika kwambiri, yotsimikiziridwa ndi nkhondo komanso yogwira ntchito yomwe imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kupambana kwakukulu. Mayendedwe ogwira ntchito mu 300 km amapereka kuthekera kopereka mwachangu komanso molondola. Kugwirizanirana ndi mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ena a NATO kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kuthandizira ntchitoyi, komanso kudzakhalanso kuwonjezera pa kayendetsedwe ka ndege ka AGM-158 JASSM. Lockheed Martin ndi wokonzeka kugwirizana kwambiri ndi makampani a chitetezo cha ku Poland popereka njira ya HIMARS yochokera ku Homar, yomwe imalola polonition yambiri, komanso kukonzanso kwawo ndi kusinthika kwamakono.

Kuwombera kwina kwa Lynx launcher, nthawi ino kuwombera mzinga wa 160mm Accular precision.

lynx

Makampani a Israeli, i.e. Israel Military Industries (IMI) ndi Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) apanga lingaliro lotsutsana ndi US, ndipo malingaliro awo a pulogalamu ya Homar amagwirizana. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi makina opangidwa ndi IMI, Lynx modular multi-barrel field rocket launcher.

Lingaliro la Rysi ndi msika wokongola womwe umapereka chifukwa ndi choyambitsa roketi chamitundu yambiri chomwe chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwombera roketi zonse za 122mm Grad ndi zida zapamwamba zotsogozedwa ndi Israeli mumitundu itatu yosiyana. Mwachidziwitso, Lynx amatha kukhala woyambitsa mizinga yoyambira pansi. Chifukwa chake, pogula dongosolo limodzi, mudzatha kusintha mwaufulu zozimitsa moto za zida zanu, kuzisintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe zikuchitika komanso momwe zilili pano.

Poyerekeza machitidwe a Lynx ndi HIMARS, zofananira zina zitha kuwoneka. Makina onse awiriwa adayikidwa pagalimoto zamagalimoto akunja. Pankhani ya machitidwe aku America, inali galimoto yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi Asitikali aku US ndi US Marine Corps. Komabe, pankhani ya Lynx, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto iliyonse yapamsewu pamapangidwe a 6 × 6 kapena 8 × 8 ndi malipiro oyenera. Popeza Lynx imathanso kuwombera miyala ya 370mm, ndizomveka kusankha chonyamulira chachikulu. IMI imati iphatikiza choyambitsa ndi galimoto ya 6x6 kapena 8x8 yosankhidwa ndi mbali yaku Poland. Mpaka pano, Lynx yakhazikitsidwa pamagalimoto a opanga ku Europe ndi Russia. Woyambitsa dongosolo la Lynx, monga HIMARS, amayikidwa pa maziko omwe amatha kuzungulira, chifukwa chake ali ndi ufulu wolozera mu 90 ° mu azimuth (mpaka 60 ° okwera ngodya), yomwe imathandizira kwambiri. kusankha chandamale. kuwombera ndikuchepetsa nthawi yotsegula. Kusiyanitsa komwe kumawoneka pakati pa machitidwe a Israeli ndi aku America ndiko kupezeka kwa zopindika zama hydraulic poyambira. Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa oyambitsa powombera kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamlingo wamoto komanso kulondola powombera maroketi osayendetsedwa. Ngakhale, malinga ndi malingaliro a opanga ake, Lynx iyenera kukhala yolondola kapena yolondola, malingana ndi mivi yogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndipo monga tanenera kale, pangakhale mitundu ingapo. Pankhani yofunsira ku Poland, IMI ikupereka miyala ya 122 mm Grad yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Poland mpaka pano, komanso ma roketi amakono a Israeli: osayendetsedwa ndi 160 mm LAR-160s ndi mtundu wawo wokonzedwa wa Accular, komanso wapamwamba kwambiri. -Kulondola Kwambiri. 306mm zipolopolo ndi 370mm Predator Hawk waposachedwa kwambiri. Kupatulapo zida zoponya za 122mm, zina zonse zimatulutsidwa kuchokera ku zida zopanikizidwa.

Pankhani yoyambitsa miyala ya 122-mm yogwirizana ndi dongosolo la Grad, zoyambitsa njanji ziwiri za 20 zamapangidwe ofanana ndi omwe amadziwika kuchokera pamagalimoto a 2B5 Grad system amayikidwa pafupi ndi mnzake pa Lynx launcher. Lynx, yokhala ndi zida zotere, imatha kuwombera mivi yonse ya Grad yomwe ilipo pamsika, kuphatikiza Polish Feniks-Z ndi HE.

Mizinga ya Israeli LAR-160 (kapena kungoti LAR) ili ndi caliber ya 160 mm, kulemera kwa 110 kg ndipo imanyamula 45-kilogram cluster warhead (104 M85 sub-rockets) pamtunda wa 45 km. Malinga ndi wopanga, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Israeli Defense Forces kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo adagulidwanso. malinga ndi: Romania (dongosolo la LAROM), Georgia (chikumbutso cha zida zankhondo zakugona Tskhinvali usiku wa Ogasiti 8, 2008), Azerbaijan kapena Kazakhstan (dongosolo la Naiza). Lynx imatha kukhala ndi zida ziwiri zamitundu 13 iliyonse. Chinthu chotsatira pakupanga zida za LAR chinali chitukuko cha Accular (Accurate LAR) version, i.e. mtundu wolondola, momwe kulondola kowonjezereka kudakwaniritsidwa popanga zida zoponyera zida zowongolera potengera kuyenda kwa inertia ndi GPS, ndi kachitidwe kapamwamba komwe kamakhala ndi injini za rocket zowongolera 80 zoyikidwa mu fuselage kutsogolo kwa injini yokhazikika. Chipolopolocho chilinso ndi zipsepse zinayi za mchira zomwe zimawola akangowombera. Kulakwitsa kozungulira kwa mivi ya Accular ndi pafupifupi mamita 10. Kulemera kwa warhead kwatsika kufika pa 35 kg (kuphatikizapo 10 kg ya ndalama zowonongeka mozunguliridwa ndi zidutswa za tungsten 22 zolemera 000 ndi 0,5 g), ndipo kuwomberako ndi 1 ÷ 14 km pa. Makina oyambitsa Lynx amatha kudzazidwa ndi ma 40 Accular kuzungulira m'mapaketi awiri amizere 22 iliyonse.

Lynx system launcher yokhala ndi zotengera ziwiri

ndi zida zapamadzi za Delilah-GL.

Mtundu wina wa projectile womwe Lynx amatha kuwotcha ndi 306mm Extra projectile yokhala ndi mtunda wa 30-150 km. Amagwiritsanso ntchito malangizo oyendetsa ndege komanso satana, koma mzingawo umayendetsedwa powuluka ndi ma airfoil anayi omwe amaikidwa pamphuno ya mzinga, yomwe ndi yankho lofanana ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zida za GMLRS. Zowonjezera zimanyamula mutu wogawanika wokhazikika (mutu wa kaseti ungathenso) ndi kugawikana mokakamizidwa ndi kulemera kwa 120 kg (kuphatikizapo 60 kg ya kuphwanya ndi mipira 31 ya tungsten yolemera 000 g iliyonse). Pankhani ya mutu wolowera, imatha kudutsa masentimita 1 a konkire yolimbikitsidwa. Kulemera kwake kwa projectile ndi 80 kg, komwe kulemera kwa mafuta olimba ndi pafupifupi 430 kg. Roketi ili ndi kutalika kwa 216 mm ndipo imakhala ndi gawo la mchira ndi mphuno yotuluka ndi ma trapezoidal stabilizers anayi omwe amawonekera pambuyo ponyamuka; gawo loyendetsa ndi mota; warhead ndi mphuno ndi chiwongolero. Poyerekeza, Russian 4429M9 chida cha 528 mm caliber ya Smirkh dongosolo ali ndi kulemera kwa makilogalamu 300, amanyamula ogwirizana wosalekanitsidwa kugawanika warhead kulemera 815 makilogalamu (omwe 258 kg ndi mlandu wophwanya), ali ndi kutalika kwa 95 mm ndi kutalika kwa 7600 km. Zitha kuwoneka kuti mzinga waku Russia ndi wokulirapo, koma sunatsogoleredwe ndipo umayenda motsatira njira yowongoka, chifukwa chake utali wamfupi (mwachidziwitso, ukhoza kukhala wautali chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chiwongolero ndi kusiyanasiyana). Kumbali ina, njira ya mivi Yowonjezera (monga GMLRS ndi Predator Hawk) imaphwanyidwa pamene ikufika ku apogee awo. Ziwongolero zakutsogolo zimakweza mphuno ya projectile, kuchepetsa mbali yakuukira, potero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa ndege komanso kuwongolera kwa projectile (kwenikweni, njira yowulukira imakonzedwa bwino). Kulakwitsa kozungulira pakugunda zipolopolo Zowonjezera ndi pafupifupi mamita 90. Choyambitsa Lynx chikhoza kukhala ndi mapaketi awiri a zipolopolo zinayi Zowonjezerapo chilichonse. Malinga ndi chidziwitso choperekedwa ndi IMI, phukusi la zida zoponya 10 Zowonjezera zitha kukwezedwa pa oyambitsa makina a M4/270A270 MLRS m'malo mwa phukusi la mivi 1 ya caliber ya 6 mm.

MSPO 2014 inalinso ndi mtundu wa mizinga ya 370mm Predator Hawk yokhala ndi utali wotalikirapo mpaka 250 km komanso kulondola kofananako kwa Zowonjezera ndi Accular. Poyerekeza zitsanzo za Predator Hawk ndi maroketi Owonjezera omwe amawonetsedwa pafupi ndi mnzake, zitha kuyerekezedwa kuti yoyamba ndi yautali wa 0,5 m. "Predator" imabwereza mapangidwe aerodynamic a roketi ya "Extra", kwenikweni, kukhala kopi yake yokulirapo. Nkhondo yake imalemera 200 kg. Poganizira kukula kwa mzinga wa Predator Hawk, munthu akhoza kuona momwe kupindula kwamtunduwu kunakwaniritsidwira. Woyambitsa Lynx mmodzi akhoza kukhala ndi ma module awiri a Predator Hawk awiri-missile. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la Lynx, lokhazikika pamivi yowongoleredwa yokha, pafupifupi limakwaniritsa zofunikira za pulogalamu ya Homar yowombera 2 km.

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti Lynx imagwirizananso ndi TCS (Trajectory Correction System), kuwongolera kulondola kwamoto kuchokera ku zida zankhondo zopanda zida. TCS idapangidwa poyambirira (ndi IMI mogwirizana ndi Elisra/Elbit) ya 26mm MLRS ndi maroketi a M227 (mogwirizana ndi Lockheed Martin, otchedwa MLRS-TCS). TCS imaphatikizapo: positi yolamula, makina owonera mizinga komanso makina owongolera akutali. Kuti izi zitheke, injini yaing'ono yokonza (GRD) Guidance Rocket Motor (GRM) imayikidwa pamphuno ya mivi yosinthidwa, yomwe imapereka mphamvu zamagetsi. TCS imatha kuwongolera nthawi imodzi mivi 12, kusinthira kuwuluka kwawo ku zolinga 12 zosiyanasiyana. TCS imapereka cholakwika chozungulira (CEP) cha 40m ikathamangitsidwa pamtunda waukulu. Lynx imatha kukhala ndi zida ziwiri za mizinga isanu ndi umodzi ya MLRS-TCS iliyonse. Kutsatira MLRS-TCS, mtundu wa mizinga wa LAR-160 wogwirizana ndi TCS unapangidwa. Dongosolo la Lynx likukwezedwanso m'maiko omwe kale anali ku Central Asia Soviet, kotero maroketi a Uragan a 220mm adasinthidwanso kukhala Lynx.

Ngakhale kuti Lobster sinafunikire kuponya zida zapamadzi (kotero ziyenera kuonedwa ngati njira), chida chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe wogwiritsa ntchito Lynx angakhale nacho ndi Delilah-GL (Ground Launched) turbojet cruise missile. Ground Launched), yoperekedwanso ndi IMI kuchokera ku Earth). Ili ndi kulemera kwa 250 kg (ndi rocket booster yomwe imatulutsidwa pambuyo ponyamuka) ndi kulemera kwa 230 kg pakukonzekera ndege (kuphatikizapo 30 kg warheads), ulendo wa makilomita 180 ndi liwiro la ndege la 0,3 ÷ 0,7 miliyoni zaka ( liwiro kuukira 0,85 .8500 m kuchokera kutalika pafupifupi 2 m). Makina owongolera optoelectronic (CCD kapena matrix I1R) okhala ndi zithunzi zenizeni zenizeni kupita ku kontrakitala ya woyendetsa komanso wokhoza kuwongolera mzinga patali amapereka luso lapamwamba pakuzindikiritsa chandamale ndi kuzindikira (mosiyana ndi mivi ya ballistic) ndi kulondola (CVO) pamlingo. Pafupifupi mamita 300. Zotengera ziwiri zoyatsira zida za Delilah-GL zitha kuyikidwa pa choyambitsa chimodzi cha Lynx. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zida za Delila-GL kuchokera ku Lynx complex kuyenera kupereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi zolinga zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuwononga ndi mivi ya ballistic, ngakhale kuti ndi nthawi yochepa yothawa (makamaka pamtunda wa makilomita XNUMX).

Woyambitsa Lynx aliyense amakhala ndi njira zolumikizirana komanso makina owongolera moto wa digito, komanso kuyenda kwa inertial ndi satellite. Chifukwa cha izi, imatha kukhala gawo la makina owongolera ma network, mwachangu komanso modalirika kudziwa malo ake m'munda ndikusintha malo owombera nthawi zonse. Zida zamagetsi za oyambitsa zimalola kuti zizigwira ntchito modzilamulira. Choyambitsa ndi cholinga ndipo mizinga imawombera kuchokera mkati mwa galimotoyo. Woyambitsayo amazindikira pawokha mapaketi odzaza a mivi yosiyanasiyana (ndizotheka kuyika mitundu iwiri ya mivi nthawi imodzi pa choyambitsa chimodzi). Chifukwa cha mapangidwe amtundu wa projectiles, nthawi yobwezeretsanso yoyambitsa imatenga mphindi zosakwana 10.

Batire ya dongosolo la "Lynx", kuwonjezera pa oyambitsa ndi magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto, ilinso ndi batire yolamula (C4I) mu chidebe chosindikizidwa, momwe kusanthula kwa chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso cha meteorological chofunikira pakutsegula moto kumachitika. Bungwe la Stand likuwunikanso zotsatira za chiwembucho.

Field mizinga dongosolo "Nayza", "Lynx" kwa Kazakhstan zochokera galimotoyo KamAZ-63502.

Pazoyambitsa mungathe kuwona maupangiri a zipolopolo za 220-mm, ndipo pansi - phukusi losindikizidwa la mivi Yowonjezera.

Pofotokoza mwachidule malingaliro a IMI, tiyeneranso kutchula malingaliro ogwirizana ndi mafakitale. Kampani ya Israeli imatenga gawo la ophatikiza ndi mutu wothandizidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito panthawi yonseyi, kuphatikiza kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe kazinthu ndi maphunziro. IMI idzakhala ndi udindo wophatikiza woyambitsa Lynx ndi chassis iliyonse yosankhidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya National Defense. Pankhani yopanga mizinga, IMI imapereka kusamutsa kwaukadaulo kuti apange zilolezo za magawo ndi zigawo zina, komanso kusonkhanitsa komaliza kwa zida zonse ku Poland. IMI yadziperekanso kuphatikizira dongosolo la Lynx ndi machitidwe omwe alipo aku Poland, mauthenga ndi nzeru (C4I).

LORA ndi Harop

Lingaliro la IMI la 370mm Predator Hawk litha kuonedwa kuti ndi lathunthu - osachepera 50 km kuchokera pamtundu wofunikira wa Lobster. Komabe, Predator Hawk si mzinga wanu wamba. Komanso, titha kuganiziridwa kuti mtengo wake ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi dongosolo loperekedwa ndi IAI, lomwe ndi loyendetsa-tactical ballistic missile LORA.

LORA ndi chidule cha zida zankhondo zazitali zamtundu wautali. Chifukwa cha magulu a zida zoponya, LORA ikupikisana mwachindunji ndi missile ya ATACMS, pamene ikupereka zonse zomwe missile Yowonjezera ili nayo, koma pamlingo wokulirapo, i.e. utali wautali, mutu wankhondo wolemera, zolakwika zofananira mozungulira, koma zonse pamtengo wamtengo wapamwamba. Komabe, ngati "Zowonjezera" ndi lolemera, koma zida zankhondo, ndiye LORA ali m'gulu la mivi yolondola kwambiri ballistic.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti opanga ku Israeli adatenga njira yosiyana ndi okonza aku America m'mbuyomu popanga zida za ATACMS. Imeneyi inayenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa phukusi limodzi la mizinga isanu ndi umodzi ya MLRS, kotero ndicho chinali chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapanga mapangidwe a ATACMS, kutsatiridwa ndi magawo ena ndi makhalidwe. Komabe, LORA, idapangidwa popanda zoletsa monga zida zodziyimira pawokha, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ndi dongosolo laling'ono. Kuyesedwa kwa mizinga kunayamba zaka khumi zapitazo, ndipo kwa zaka zingapo zakhala zikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malonda a IAI, kuphatikizapo ku Poland. Ndipo LORA ikupereka chiyani kwa ogwiritsa ntchito omwe angakhale nawo? Choyamba, moto wapamwamba kwambiri ndi zida zonse za zida, i.e. zomwe zimaphatikizaponso dongosolo lovomerezeka lozindikiritsa - IAI Harop, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito luso lankhondo lankhondo. Zinthu zoyamba poyamba.

LORA ndi chida chowombera chagawo limodzi chokhala ndi injini yolimba yothamangitsira, yochokera kumayendedwe opanikizidwa ndikuyambitsa zotengera. Malinga ndi IAI, LORA ikhoza kusungidwa mu chidebe kwa zaka zisanu popanda kufunikira koyesa. Popanga roketi, ma drive amagetsi okha adagwiritsidwa ntchito, opanda ma hydraulics, omwe amawonjezeranso kudalirika kwa ntchito.

Thupi la roketi imodzi ya LORA ili ndi kutalika kwa 5,5 m, m'mimba mwake - 0,62 mamita ndi kulemera kwa matani 1,6 (omwe tani ndi mafuta olimba). Maonekedwe ake ndi cylindrical, conical kutsogolo (pamtunda wa mutu) ndipo ali ndi malo anayi aerodynamic okhala ndi trapezoidal contour m'munsi. Maonekedwe a chombocho, pamodzi ndi njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito yowongolera rocket pakuwuluka, zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuyendetsa gawo lomaliza la trajectory chifukwa cha mphamvu yokwezeka yokwanira yopangidwa ndi hull yokha. IAI imatanthawuza njira ya projectile ngati "youmbika", mwachitsanzo, kukonzedwa bwino pakuwukira. LORA imayendetsa magawo awiri othawa - choyamba, atangonyamuka, kuti apeze njira yabwino kwambiri (IAI ikuwonetsa kuti izi zimapangitsanso kuti zikhale zovuta kuti mdani adziwe bwino malo a woyambitsa) komanso mu gawo lomaliza la njira. M'malo mwake, roketi ikangofika pomwepa, LORA imagwirizanitsa njira yake yowulukira. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsata mzinga (kusintha njira yomwe ilipo) ndikupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuyendetsa miviyo kuti iwongolere kulondola. Kuthekera kotereku, kuphatikizidwa ndi liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri la kuwuluka, kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuwombera mivi ndikuchepetsa nthawi kuyambira kuwombera mpaka kukamenya chandamale. Nthawi yothawa ndi pafupifupi mphindi zisanu pamene ikuwombera pamtunda wa 300 km. Malo ocheperako a roketi ndi 90 km, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti pali njira yaying'ono yomwe ingatheke komanso njira yowuluka. M'gawo lomaliza, LORA imathanso kuwongolera kuti ipereke mawonekedwe olondola pa chandamale, ndikuyandikira 60 ÷ 90 °. Kutha kugunda chandamale cholunjika ndikofunikira pakuwukira zomwe zili zolimba (mwachitsanzo, malo obisalira) pomwe fusesi ikugwira ntchito mochedwa kuthamangitsidwa, komanso kufalitsa kokwanira kwa mafunde a zidutswa ndi kupsyinjika kwambiri pakulumikizana kapena kuphulika kopanda kulumikizana. . Chombo cha LORA chimatha kunyamula zida zankhondo zamitundu iwiri: mutu wankhondo wophulika kwambiri wokhala ndi kuphulika kosalumikizana kapena kuphulika kolumikizana ndi mutu wankhondo wolowera ndikuchedwa kutha kulowa kuposa mamita awiri a konkire yolimbitsidwa.

LORA yoperekedwa ku Poland imanyamula mutu wogawanika wogwirizana wolemera 240 kg. Kuchokera pamalingaliro aukadaulo, kunyamula chida ichi ndi gulu lankhondo si vuto, koma chifukwa cha kulowa kwa mayiko ambiri ku Convention on Cluster Munitions, LORA ikupita patsogolo ndi gulu lankhondo limodzi (mwamwayi, ngakhale Poland, kapena Poland). Israel, kapena United States adalowa nawo pamsonkhanowu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira pazankhondo zamagulu ankhondo kudzera pazokambirana zoyenera pamaboma).

Dongosolo lowongolera mizinga la LORA limaphatikizidwa ndipo limapangidwa ndi nsanja yoyenda mopanda phokoso komanso cholumikizira cha GPS chosamva phokoso. Kumbali imodzi, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowongolera mzinga powuluka mu ndege zitatu, kuphatikiza kusankha kolowera, komanso zimapangitsa kuti mizinga ya LORA ikhale yolimbana ndi njira zoyeserera zamagetsi, ndipo kumbali ina, imatsimikizira kulondola kwambiri nyengo zonse. . Vuto lozungulira mozungulira mkati mwa 10 m.

Batire ya rocket ya mtundu wa LORA imakhala ndi: chotengera cholamula (K3) pagalimoto ina, zoyambira zinayi zokhala ndi zotengera zinayi ndi zotengera zoyambira, chilichonse chili pagalimoto yamagalimoto akunja mumsewu wa 8 × 8, ndi chimodzimodzi. kuchuluka kwa zoyendera ndikukweza magalimoto okhala ndi mizinga yapambali kwa oyambitsa onse. Chifukwa chake, batire ya missile ya LORA ili ndi mizinga 16 (4 × 4) yokonzeka kuwomberedwa pompopompo, ndi zida zina 16 zomwe zitha kuyambika mutatsitsanso zoyambitsa. Zimatenga masekondi 16 kuti mutsegule zoponya 60 zoyambirira. Mivi iliyonse yomwe imawombera imatha kugunda chandamale chosiyana. Izi zimapereka batiri limodzi lozimitsa moto kwambiri.

Ndizothekanso kuyambitsa zida za LORA (ndi Harop) kuchokera kwa oyambitsa zombo. Komabe, kuthekera kwaukadaulo uku ndikopitilira zomwe pulogalamu ya Homar ingaganizire.

Komabe, chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamalingaliro a IAI, omwe amakwaniritsa zabwino zogwirira ntchito za mzinga wa LORA, ndi zida za Harop, zomwe zili m'gulu la zida zomwe zimatchedwa kuti loitering. Haropa yofanana ndi drone imachokera ku zida zina za IAI, zida za Harpy anti-radar. Harop ali ndi dongosolo lofananira. Kuwombera kumachitika kuchokera pamayendedwe osindikizidwa ndikuyambitsa chidebe chokhazikitsidwa pa chassis yagalimoto. Galimoto ya 8 × 8 imatha kunyamula 12 mwa zotengera izi. Zida (batri) zimakhala ndi makina atatu, okwana 36 Harop. Lamulo la chidebecho, pogwiritsa ntchito makina ake, limakupatsaninso mwayi wolamulira "gulu" la "Harop" lomasulidwa. Pakuuluka, Harop amayendetsa chopondera, ndipo kuyambitsa kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi chowongolera cha rocket.

Ntchito ya dongosolo la Harop ndikuwunika kwanthawi yayitali (maola ambiri) kudera lalikulu. Kuti achite izi, amanyamula pansi pa mphuno kuwala, usana ndi usiku (ndi matenthedwe chithunzithunzi njira) 360 ° zosunthika optoelectronic mutu. Chithunzi cha nthawi yeniyeni chimaperekedwa kwa ogwira ntchito pa post post. Harop akulondera, akuwuluka pamtunda wopitilira 3000 m, ngati azindikira chandamale choyenera kuwukira, ndiye, palamulo loperekedwa ndi woyendetsa, amapita paulendo wothamanga kwambiri kuposa 100 m / s ndikuwononga. ndi mutu wopepuka wa OH. Pa gawo lililonse la ntchitoyo, woyendetsa Harop amatha kuyimitsa kuukira (lingaliro la "man in the loop"), kenako Harop amabwerera kumayendedwe oyendetsa ndege. Chifukwa chake, Harop amaphatikiza zabwino za drone yowunikiranso komanso mizinga yotsika mtengo. Pankhani ya LORA ballistic missile batire, njira yowonjezera ya Harop imapereka kuzindikira, kutsimikizira (mwachitsanzo, kusiyanitsa zoseketsa ndi magalimoto enieni) ndikuzindikiritsa zolinga, kufufuza kwawo pazochitika zosuntha, kutsimikiza kolondola kwa malo a zolinga, komanso kuunika zotsatira za kuwukira. Ngati ndi kotheka, amathanso "kumaliza" kapena kuwukira zigoli zomwe zidapulumuka kuukira kwa mizinga ya LORA. Harop amalolanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri zoponya za LORA, zomwe zimatha kuponyedwa pazifukwa zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi Harop light warhead. Deta yanzeru yofalitsidwa ndi dongosolo la Harop itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi magawo ena, mwachitsanzo, okhala ndi zida zina zankhondo. Battery ya missile ya LORA, yothandizidwa ndi dongosolo la Harop, idzakhala ndi mphamvu yodzilamulira nthawi zonse mu nthawi yeniyeni komanso mkati mwa mivi yake yonse, komanso kuti athe kuwunika mwamsanga zotsatira za kugunda kwa mizinga. .

Vuto Losankha

Machitidwe omwe amaperekedwa mu pulogalamu ya Homar amadziwika ndi magawo apamwamba omwe amakwaniritsa zoyembekeza za Ministry of National Defense. Tingaganize kuti pankhaniyi, mtengo wa zonse zogula ndi ntchito yayitali, komanso kukhudzidwa kwa mafakitale aku Poland ndipo, mwina, kusamutsidwa kwaukadaulo komwe kukuyembekezeka, kudzakhala chofunikira kwambiri. Kusanthula malingaliro okha, zikuwonekeratu kuti tsogolo la Homar lidzasintha nkhope ya Polish WRiA. Mosasamala kanthu za chisankho cha Unduna wa Chitetezo cha Dziko, omenyera zida zankhondo aku Poland adzalandira zida zomwe zidzaposa zida zankhondo zomwe zidagwiritsidwa kale ntchito potengera liwiro lolowera kunkhondo, ndipo koposa zonse, kulondola komanso kusiyanasiyana. Choncho, njira yoyendetsera ntchito idzasinthidwa, kumene moto waukulu wa m'deralo udzasinthidwa ndi kugunda pafupipafupi komanso kolondola komwe Mfundozo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito m'bandakucha. Pokhudzana ndi zovuta zankhondo yankhondo yongopeka mkati mwa Poland, boma ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha National ayenera kuyesetsa kuonetsetsa kuti tsogolo la Homar, kuwonjezera pa kuwombera mivi yolondola kwambiri yokhala ndi zida zankhondo zolumikizana, ilinso ndi mizinga yamagulu. m'manja mwake. , ndiyothandiza kwambiri popewera kuukira kwa zida zankhondo ndi zida zamakina, kupondereza zida zankhondo za adani kapena kupewa kutera kwa helikoputala. Kuphatikiza apo, kugula zida zoponyera zida zamtundu wa 300 km kudzalimbitsanso kuthekera kwa Gulu Lankhondo ngati njira yayikulu yodzitetezera. Sing'anga-osiyanasiyana pansi mphamvu mdani angathe (kachitidwe 9K37M1-2 "Buk-M1-2" ndi 9K317 "Buk-M2") sangathe kulimbana ndi mizinga ballistic ndi osiyanasiyana makilomita oposa 250.

Kuwonjezera ndemanga