Njira imodzi, mitundu isanu

Kuyesera kwakuthupi ndi kwamankhwala kumaperekedwa pa zikondwerero za sayansi, zomwe zimakondweretsa anthu nthawi zonse. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi chiwonetsero chomwe yankho, litatsanuliridwa muzotengera zotsatizana, limasintha mtundu wake mwa aliyense wa iwo. Kwa ambiri owona, chochitikachi chikuwoneka ngati chinyengo, koma ndikungogwiritsa ntchito mwaluso mphamvu za mankhwala.

Mayeso adzafunika ziwiya zisanu, phenolphthalein, sodium hydroxide NaOH, iron (III) chloride FeCl.₃potaziyamu rhodium KSCN (kapena ammonium NH₄SCN) ndi potaziyamu ferrocyanide K₄[Fe(CN)₆].

Thirani pafupifupi 100 cm mu chotengera choyamba³ madzi ndi phenolphthalein, ndikuyika ena onse (chithunzi 1):

chotengera 2: NaOH ina pamodzi ndi madontho ochepa a madzi. Posakaniza ndi baguette, timapanga yankho. Pitirizani mofanana ndi mbale zotsatirazi (ie kuwonjezera madontho angapo a madzi ndikusakaniza ndi makhiristo).

chotengera 3: FeCl₃;

chotengera 4: KSCN;

nsi 5:k.₄[Fe(CN)₆].

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zogwira mtima za kuyesa, kuchuluka kwa ma reagents kuyenera kusankhidwa ndi njira ya "mayesero ndi zolakwika".

Kenako tsanulirani zomwe zili m'chotengera choyamba mu chachiwiri - yankho lidzasanduka pinki (chithunzi 2). Yankho likatsanulidwa kuchokera m'chotengera chachiwiri kupita chachitatu, mtundu wa pinki umasowa ndipo mtundu wachikasu-bulauni umawoneka (chithunzi 3). Akabayidwa mu chotengera chachinayi, yankho limakhala lofiira magazi (chithunzi 4), ndipo ntchito yotsatira (kutsanulira mu chotengera chomaliza) imakulolani kuti mupeze mtundu wakuda wabuluu wa zomwe zilimo (chithunzi 5). Chithunzi 6 chikuwonetsa mitundu yonse yomwe yankho lidatenga.

Komabe, katswiri wa zamankhwala sayenera kungosirira zotsatira za kuyesa, koma koposa zonse kumvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika panthawi yoyesera.

Kuwoneka kwa mtundu wa pinki mutatha kutsanulira yankho mu chotengera chachiwiri mwachiwonekere kumachita phenolphthalein kukhalapo kwa maziko (NaOH). FeCl ili m'chombo chachitatu₃, mankhwala omwe amasungunuka mosavuta kuti apange acidic reaction. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mtundu wa pinki wa phenolphthalein umatha ndipo mtundu wachikasu-bulauni umawoneka, chifukwa cha ion iron (III). Pambuyo kutsanulira yankho mu chotengera chachinayi, ma Fe cations amachitira³⁺ ndi anions genus:

kumabweretsa mapangidwe ovuta ofiira a magazi (mawonekedwe akuwonetsa mapangidwe a imodzi yokha). M'chombo china, potaziyamu ferrocyanide amawononga zovuta zomwe zimabweretsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale buluu wa Prussian, gulu lakuda labuluu:

Iyi ndi njira yosinthira mtundu panthawi yoyesera.

Mutha kuziwonera pavidiyo:

Njira imodzi, mitundu isanu.