Chithumwa chovuta - Gawo 2

Mbiri ya T + A inayamba ndi zingwe zamagetsi, zomwe zinachititsa chidwi opanga zaka zambiri zapitazo. Pambuyo pake adasalidwa, kotero timawona zotsekera zamtunduwu zaka zingapo zilizonse, ndipo izi, zimatithandiza kukumbukira mfundo ya ntchito yawo.

Sizojambula zonse za T+A (zokweza mawu) zomwe zidali ndipo zikadali zogwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito. njira yopatsiraKomabe, dzina la mndandanda wa Criterion limalumikizidwa kosatha ndi yankho ili, lopangidwa ndi kampani kuyambira 1982. M'm'badwo uliwonse, awa anali mndandanda wathunthu wokhala ndi zitsanzo zamphamvu zamphamvu, zazikulu kwambiri kuposa masiku ano, koma momwe ma dinosaur akuluakulu adafa. Chifukwa chake tidawona mapangidwe okhala ndi mawoofer awiri olankhula 30, mabwalo anayi komanso asanu (TMP220), makabati okhala ndi ma frequency achilendo, komanso okhala ndi ma frequency otsika omwe amayikidwa mkati (pakati pa chipinda chokhala ndi dzenje kapena chipinda chotsekedwa ndi labyrinth yayitali. - mwachitsanzo TV160).

Mutuwu - labyrinth yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi - Opanga T + A apita mpaka palibe wopanga wina. Komabe, chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90, kukula kwa zovuta zina kunachepa, minimalism idabwera m'mafashoni, mapangidwe osavuta adapeza chidaliro cha audiophiles, ndipo "avareji" wogula adasiya kusilira kukula kwa olankhula, nthawi zambiri amafunafuna. chinachake chowonda komanso chokongola. Chifukwa chake, pakhala kutsika kwina mu kapangidwe ka zokuzira mawu, mwina mwanzeru, mochokera ku zofunikira za msika watsopano. Kuchepetsedwa ndi kukula, ndi "patency", ndi masanjidwe amkati a zipolopolo. Komabe, T+A sinagonje pa lingaliro lakuwongolera mzere wamagetsi, kudzipereka komwe kumachokera pamwambo wa mndandanda wa Criterion.

Komabe, lingaliro lonse la mpanda wa zokuzira mawu womwe umagwira ntchito ngati chingwe chotumizira sichitukuko cha T+A. Imakhalabe, ndithudi, yakale kwambiri.

Lingaliro labwino kwambiri la mzere wopatsirana limalonjeza mlengalenga womvera padziko lapansi, koma pochita kumabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuziwongolera. Iwo samathetsa milandu mapulogalamu otchuka oyerekeza - kuyesa kovutirapo ndi zolakwika kumafunikabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Vuto loterolo lakhumudwitsa opanga ambiri omwe akufunafuna mayankho opindulitsa, ngakhale amakopa anthu ambiri okonda masewera.

T+A Imayimbira Njira Yake Yaposachedwa Yopatsira Line KTL (). Wopangayo amasindikizanso gawo lamilandu, lomwe ndi losavuta kufotokoza ndikumvetsetsa. Kupatula chipinda chaching'ono cha midrange, chomwe, ndithudi, sichikugwirizana ndi chingwe chotumizira, theka la voliyumu yonse ya ndunayo imakhala ndi chipinda chopangidwa nthawi yomweyo kumbuyo kwa woofers. Ndi "cholumikizidwa" ku ngalande yopita kumalo otulutsirako ndipo imapanganso mbali yayifupi. Ndipo zonse zikuwonekeratu, ngakhale kuphatikiza uku kumawoneka kwa nthawi yoyamba. Uwu si mzere wapadziko lonse wopatsirana, koma inverter ya gawo - yokhala ndi chipinda chokhala ndi kutsata kwina (nthawi zonse kutengera mawonekedwe omwe "amayimitsidwa" pamenepo, i.e. pokhudzana ndi kutsegulira komwe kumapita ku ngalandeyo) ndi ngalande yokhala ndi mpweya wambiri.

Zinthu ziwirizi zimapanga mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika (ndi misa ndi kutengeka) pafupipafupi - monga mu inverter ya gawo. Komabe, makamaka, ngalandeyo ndi yayitali kwambiri komanso yokhala ndi gawo lalikulu lagawo la inverter ya gawo - yomwe ili ndi zabwino ndi zovuta zake, chifukwa chake njira iyi siigwiritsidwa ntchito muzosintha zamagawo. Malo akuluakulu apamwamba ndi opindulitsa chifukwa amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya ndikuchotsa chipwirikiti. Komabe, popeza imachepetsa kwambiri kutsata, imafunikira kuchuluka kwa ngalandeyo chifukwa cha kutalika kwake kuti ikhazikitse pafupipafupi otsika kwambiri. Ndipo ngalande yaitali ndi drawback mu gawo inverter, monga amakwiyitsa maonekedwe a parasitic resonances. Nthawi yomweyo, ngalandeyo mu CTL 2100 siitalikirapo kuti ipangitse kusuntha komwe kumafunikira kwa ma frequency otsika kwambiri, monga pamzere wapamwamba kwambiri. Wopanga mwiniyo amadzutsa nkhaniyi, ponena kuti:

"Chingwe chotumizira chimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa ma bass reflex system, koma chimafunikira mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri (...), njira yomvekera kumbuyo kwa mawoofers (mu chingwe chotumizira) iyenera kukhala yayitali - ngati chiwalo - apo ayi ma frequency otsika sangatero. kupangidwa. ”

Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kuti popanga chilengezo chotere, wopanga samangotsatira, komanso amasindikiza zinthu (gawo lamilandu) zotsimikizira kusagwirizanaku. Mwamwayi, mafupipafupi otsika adzapangidwa kokha ndi machitidwe osakhala ndi chingwe chopatsira, koma kuchedwa kwa bass reflex system, yomwe "mwanjira yakeyake" imayambitsa masinthidwe opindulitsa popanda kufunikira ngalande yokhala ndi kutalika kogwirizana ndi mafupipafupi omwe akuyembekezeredwa - izi zimatengera magawo ena adongosolo, makamaka kuchokera ku ma frequency a Helmholtz omwe amatsatiridwa ndi kutsata ndi misa. Tikudziwa mipanda iyi (yomwe imamasuliridwanso ngati zingwe zamagetsi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala owoneka bwino), koma chowonadi ndichakuti T + A adawonjezeranso china - njira yayifupi yakufa yomwe sinakhalepo kuyambira pagululi.

Njira zotere zimapezekanso pamilandu yokhala ndi mizere yopatsira, koma yapamwamba kwambiri, yopanda kamera yolumikizirana. Zimapangitsa kuti mafunde omwe amawonekera kuchokera ku njira yakhungu abwerere mmbuyo mu gawo, kubwezera ma resonances osagwirizana ndi njira yayikulu, yomwe ingakhalenso yomveka pankhani ya gawo la inverter system, popeza ma parasitic resonances amapangidwanso mmenemo. Lingaliro ili likutsimikiziridwa ndi kuwona kuti njira yakhungu ndi theka lautali ngati waukulu, ndipo ichi ndi chikhalidwe cha kuyanjana koteroko.

Mwachidule, iyi si njira yopatsira, nthawi zambiri inverter yokhala ndi yankho linalake, lodziwika kuchokera ku mizere yopatsirana (ndipo sitikulankhula za njira yayitali, koma yaifupi). Mtundu uwu wa inverter wagawo ndi wapachiyambi ndipo uli ndi ubwino wake, makamaka pamene dongosolo likufuna njira yayitali (osati gawo lalikulu chotero).

Choyipa chenicheni cha yankho ili, molingana ndi momwe T + A (yomwe ili ndi ngalande yayikulu yotereyi), ndikuti njirayo imakhala pafupifupi theka la kuchuluka kwake, pomwe opanga nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kuti achepetse kukula kwa kapangidwe kake kuti pakhale mtengo wotsika kuposa momwe mungakwaniritsire zotsatira zabwino (pogwiritsa ntchito okamba osakhazikika).

Chifukwa chake titha kunena kuti T + A imadyetsedwanso ndi chingwe chotumizira ndipo imabwera ndi milandu yomwe imakhala ndi gawo la ma inverters, komabe imatha kunena mizere yabwino. Msewuwo unadutsa pansi pakhoma, kotero kuti pankafunika tizitsulo tating'ono tokwanira (5 cm) kuti tigawireko kupanikizika kwaulere. Koma ilinso ndi yankho lodziwika ... gawo inverters.

Mzere wotumizira pang'onopang'ono

Kumbuyo kwa woofers pali chipinda chachikulu, ndipo kokha kuchokera kumeneko tunnels amapita - imodzi ndi yaifupi, yotsekedwa kumapeto, ina ndi yayitali, yotuluka pansi.

Poyambira potsekera chingwe chopatsirana chinali kupanga malo abwino omvera kuti achepetse mafunde kumbuyo kwa diaphragm. Mpanda woterewu uyenera kukhala wosasunthika, koma kungolekanitsa mphamvu kuchokera kumbuyo kwa diaphragm (yomwe sizingakhale "zosavuta" kuloledwa kuwunikira momasuka chifukwa inali mu gawo ndi mbali yakutsogolo ya diaphragm. ). ).

Wina anganene kuti mbali yakumbuyo ya diaphragm imawonekera momasuka mu magawo otseguka ... Inde, koma kuwongolera gawo (osachepera pang'ono komanso kutengera pafupipafupi) kumaperekedwa ndi gawo lalikulu lomwe limasiyanitsa mtunda kuchokera mbali zonse za diaphragm mpaka womvera. Chifukwa cha kupitilirabe kusuntha kwa gawo lalikulu pakati pa kutulutsa kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri za nembanemba, makamaka m'mafupipafupi otsika kwambiri, kuipa kwa baffle yotseguka ndikochepa. Mu gawo inverters, mbali ya kumbuyo kwa diaphragm imapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lozungulira, lomwe mphamvu yake imatuluka kunja, koma dongosolo ili (lotchedwa Helmholtz resonator) limasinthanso gawolo, kuti mafupipafupi a thupi awonongeke. ndi apamwamba pa osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, ndi cheza gawo la kutsogolo kwa wokamba diaphragm ndi dzenje ndi zambiri - zochepa n'zogwirizana.

Potsirizira pake, kabati yotsekedwa ndiyo njira yosavuta yotseka ndi kupondereza mphamvu kuchokera kumbuyo kwa diaphragm, popanda kuigwiritsa ntchito, popanda kusokoneza kuyankha kwachidziwitso (kuchokera ku dera la resonant la bass reflex cabinet). Komabe, ngakhale ntchito yosavuta yotereyi imafuna khama - mafunde omwe amatuluka mkati mwake amagunda makoma ake, kuwapangitsa kunjenjemera, kuwunikira ndikupanga mafunde oyimirira, kubwerera ku diaphragm, ndikuyambitsa zosokoneza.

Mwachidziwitso, zikanakhala bwino ngati chowuzira chokweza "chikhoza kufalitsa" mphamvu momasuka kuchokera kumbuyo kwa diaphragm kupita ku makina oyankhula, omwe angachepetse kwathunthu komanso popanda mavuto - popanda "mayankho" kwa chokweza komanso popanda kugwedezeka kwa khoma la nduna. . Mwachidziwitso, dongosolo loterolo lipanga thupi lalikulu mopanda malire kapena ngalande yayitali, koma ... iyi ndi yankho lothandiza.

Zinkawoneka kuti utali wokwanira (koma wotsirizidwa kale), wojambulidwa (wongoyandikira pang'ono kumapeto) ndi ngalande yonyowa ingakwaniritse zofunikirazi pamlingo wokhutiritsa, ukugwira ntchito bwino kuposa kabati yotsekedwa yachikale. Koma zinalinso zovuta kuzipeza. Ma frequency otsika kwambiri ndi aatali kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale chingwe chachitali chamamita ochepa sichimawamiza. Pokhapokha, ndithudi, "tichiyikanso" ndi zinthu zonyowa, zomwe zingawononge ntchito m'njira zina.

Choncho, funso linabuka: kodi mzere wotumizira uyenera kutha kumapeto kapena kuyisiya yotseguka ndikumasula mphamvu yofikira?

Pafupifupi zonse zosankha zamagetsi - zonse zapamwamba komanso zapadera - khalani ndi labyrinth yotseguka. Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri - nkhani ya B&W Nautilus yoyambirira yokhala ndi labyrinth yotsekedwa kumapeto (mwa mawonekedwe a chipolopolo cha nkhono). Komabe, izi ndi njira zambiri zokhazikika. Kuphatikizidwa ndi woofer wokhala ndi chinthu chotsika kwambiri, mawonekedwe opangira amagwa bwino, koma koyambirira kwambiri, ndipo mu mawonekedwe aiwisi oterowo sali oyenera konse - amayenera kuwongoleredwa, kukulitsidwa ndikufananizidwa ndi ma frequency omwe akuyembekezeka, omwe zimachitika ndi Nautilus yogwira ntchito crossover.

M'mizere yotseguka, mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimatulutsidwa kumbuyo kwa diaphragm zimatuluka. Ntchito ya mzerewo imathandizira kuti ichepetse, yomwe, komabe, imakhala yosagwira ntchito, ndipo pang'ono - ndipo chifukwa chake imakhala yomveka - kusuntha kwa gawo, chifukwa chomwe mafunde amatha kutulutsidwa, osachepera ma frequency angapo. , mu gawo pafupifupi lolingana ndi ma radiation a gawo kuchokera kutsogolo kwa diaphragm. Komabe, pali mitundu yomwe mafunde ochokera kumagwerowa amatuluka pafupifupi mu antiphase, kotero zofooka zimawonekera muzotsatira zake. Kuwerengera za chochitikachi kunapangitsa kuti mapangidwewo akhale ovuta. Kunali kofunikira kugwirizanitsa utali wa ngalandeyo, mtundu wake ndi malo otsikirirapo ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa chowulira mawu. Zinapezekanso kuti ma resonances a theka-wave ndi quarter-wave amatha kuchitika mumsewu. Kuphatikiza apo, mizere yopatsira yomwe ili m'mipanda yokhala ndi molingana ndi zokuzira mawu, ngakhale itakhala yayikulu komanso yayitali, iyenera kukhala "yopotoka". Ichi ndichifukwa chake amafanana ndi ma labyrinths - ndipo gawo lililonse la labyrinth limatha kupanga ma resonance ake.

Kuthetsa mavuto ena mwa kukulitsa vutolo kumabweretsa mavuto ena. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kupeza zotsatira zabwino.

Pakuwunika kophweka pongoganizira kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwa maze mpaka kutalika kwa mafunde, maze ataliatali amatanthauza kutalika kwa mafunde, motero amasuntha kusintha kwa gawo lovomerezeka kupita ku ma frequency otsika ndikukulitsa magwiridwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa kogwira mtima kwa 50 Hz kumafuna maze 3,4 m, popeza theka la mafunde a 50 Hz lidzayenda mtunda wotero, ndipo pamapeto pake kutulutsa kwa ngalandeko kumawonekera mu gawo limodzi ndi kutsogolo kwa diaphragm. Komabe, kuwirikiza kawiri (panthawiyi, 100 Hz), funde lonselo lipanga maze, kotero zotulukazo zimawonekera mu gawo moyang'anizana ndi kutsogolo kwa diaphragm.

Wopanga chingwe chosavuta choterechi amayesa kufananiza kutalika ndi kuchepetsedwa m'njira yoti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wopeza ndikuchepetsa zotsatira za kufowoketsa - koma ndizovuta kupeza kuphatikiza komwe kumachepetsetsa kuwirikiza kawiri ma frequency apamwamba. . Choipa kwambiri, kulimbana ndi mafunde omwe amachititsa "anti-resonances", mwachitsanzo, amagwera pa khalidwe lotsatila (mu chitsanzo chathu, m'dera la 100 Hz), ndi kuponderezedwa kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kumathera pa chigonjetso cha Pyrrhic. Kuchepetsa uku kumachepetsedwa, ngakhale sikunathetsedwe, koma pamayendedwe otsika kwambiri ntchitoyo imatayikanso kwambiri chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwa ena komanso pankhaniyi zothandiza zomveka zomwe zimachitika mudera lovutali. Powaganizira m'mapangidwe apamwamba kwambiri, kutalika kwa labyrinth kuyenera kukhala kogwirizana ndi ma frequency a resonant of the loudspeaker palokha (fs) kuti apeze mpumulo pamtundu uwu.

Zikuoneka kuti, mosiyana ndi malingaliro oyambirira okhudzana ndi kusakhalapo kwa chikoka cha chingwe chotumizira pa choyankhulira, ichi ndi dongosolo lamayimbidwe lomwe liri ndi ndemanga kuchokera ku chowumbitsira mawu ngakhale kumlingo waukulu kuposa kabati yotsekedwa, ndi inverter yofanana ya gawo. - pokhapokha ngati, labyrinth sipanikizana, koma pochita makabati oterowo amamveka woonda kwambiri.

M'mbuyomu, opanga adagwiritsa ntchito "zanzeru" zosiyanasiyana kuti atseke ma antiresonance popanda kutsitsa mwamphamvu - ndiko kuti, ndi ma radiation otsika kwambiri. Njira imodzi ndikupanga njira yowonjezera "yopanda khungu" (yomwe ili ndi kutalika kogwirizana ndi kutalika kwa msewu waukulu), momwe mafunde afupipafupi amawonekera ndikuthamangira ku zotsatira mu gawo loterolo kuti apereke malipiro awo. Kusuntha kwa gawo kosavomerezeka kwa mafunde kumatsogolera ku zotulutsa mwachindunji kuchokera ku chowulira mawu.

Njira ina yotchuka ndiyo kupanga chipinda cha "coupling" kuseri kwa chowulira mawu chomwe chizikhala ngati fyuluta yamayimbidwe, kulola ma frequency otsika kwambiri kulowa mu labyrinth ndikutulutsa apamwamba. Komabe, mwanjira iyi imapangidwanso dongosolo la resonant lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe otchulidwa gawo la inverter. Mlandu woterewu ungatanthauzidwe ngati gawo la inverter yokhala ndi ngalande yayitali kwambiri ya gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Kwa makabati a bass-reflex, oyankhula otsika a Qts ndi oyenerera mwalingaliro, komanso njira yabwino, yachikale yotumizira yomwe simakhudza wokamba nkhani, apamwamba, ngakhale apamwamba kuposa makabati otsekedwa.

Komabe, pali mipanda yokhala ndi "mapangidwe" apakati: mu gawo loyamba, labyrinth ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri kuposa lotsatira, kotero imatha kuonedwa ngati chipinda, koma osati ... idzataya mawonekedwe ake a inverter. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito okamba zambiri ndikuziyika pamtunda wosiyanasiyana kuchokera pakutuluka. Mutha kupanga soketi zingapo.

Ngalandeyo imathanso kukulitsidwa kapena kupsidwa potuluka…

Palibe malamulo omveka bwino, palibe maphikidwe ophweka, palibe chitsimikizo cha kupambana. Pali zosangalatsa komanso kufufuza zambiri m'tsogolomu - ndichifukwa chake mzere wowulutsa ukadali mutu wa okonda.

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