Zatsopano komanso zolimba. Ndi magawo awa omwe ayenera kusankhidwa m'magalimoto amakono. Utsogoleri

Kawirikawiri injini zamakono sizigwirizana ndi kulimba. Njira zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwa iwo zimathandizira kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mafuta komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, koma nthawi zambiri moyo wawo ulibe chochita ndi oyambirira osavuta. Komabe, osati nthawi zonse. Nazi injini zazing'ono za 4 zomwe zilipobe m'magalimoto atsopano omwe mungasankhe molimba mtima. 

Toyota 1.0 P3

Ngakhale Toyota ikufuna kudziwika chifukwa cha ma hybrid drives, ilinso ndi magawo opambana a petulo. Chigawo chaching'ono kwambiri choperekedwa ku Ulaya cha zosakwana 1 lita chinapangidwa ndi Daihatsu, mwiniwake wa mtundu uwu wa ku Japan, koma timazindikira njinga yamoto ya 1KR-FE ndi ntchito yabwino mu zitsanzo za Aygo ndi Yaris. Kuyambira pomwe idatulutsidwa mu 2005 Chipangizo chopangidwa ku Japan ndi Poland nthawi zonse chimalandiridwa bwino., kupangitsa kuti ikhale injini yabwino kwambiri pagulu la under 1L kanayi pavoti yapadziko lonse ya "Engine of the Year".

Malingaliro abwino amachokera ku malingaliro a olenga, omwe anali ndi cholinga chomwecho ndi injini iyi: kuzisunga mophweka momwe ndingathere. Choncho, mu unit 3 yamphamvu yolemera makilogalamu 70 okha, palibe supercharger, palibe jekeseni mwachindunji mafuta, palibe kutsinde bwino. Chidule cha VVT-i m'matchulidwewo chimatanthawuza machitidwe osinthira ma valve, koma apa amangoyang'anira shaft yokhayo.

Zotsatira zingapo zitha kuyembekezeka kuchokera kumalingaliro otere: track dynamics (mphamvu yochuluka ndi pafupifupi 70 hp, yomwe iyenera kukhala yokwanira, mwachitsanzo, kwa Yaris yokhala ndi anthu angapo) ndi chikhalidwe chochepa cha ntchito, ngakhale mphamvu yochepa. Kumbali inayi, tili ndi mtengo wotsika wogula komanso mtengo wotsika wokonza pano. M'munsi wagawo mu osiyanasiyana komanso ndalama kwambiri (mafuta enieni 5-5,5 l/100 Km, malinga chitsanzo) ndipo pafupifupi wopanda mavuto. Ngati pali chinthu chimodzi chimene chimalephera mu Toyota zitsanzo ndi injini, ndi zigawo zina kufala monga zowalamulira. Komabe, awa si mavuto omwe angawononge mwiniwake.

Peugeot/Citroen 1.2 PureTech

Umboni wamoyo woti kutsitsa sikumayambitsa injini "zotayika". Poyang'anizana ndi miyezo yatsopano yotulutsa mpweya, a French nkhawa PSA mu 2014 idakhazikitsa kagawo kakang'ono ka petulo 1.2 yokhala ndi masilinda atatu okha. Zopangidwa pamtengo waukulu injini - mpaka pano - imasunga mavoti apamwamba. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri, mphamvu zokhutiritsa komanso kulephera kochepa, ndi imodzi mwa injini zodziwika kwambiri ku France lero. Kuyambira 2019, italanda Opel ndi PSA, idapangidwanso pamalo opangira gululi ku Tychy.

1.2 PureTech idayamba kukhala ngati injini yofunidwa mwachilengedwe (zosiyana za EB2)amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa, mwa zina Peugeot 208 kapena Citroen C3. Ndi mphamvu ya 75-82 hp. si gawo lamphamvu, koma lachuma komanso losavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, timalimbikitsa njira ya turbocharged (EB2DT ndi EB2DTS). Ndi 110 ndi 130 hp idapita ku magalimoto akuluakulu ngati Citroen C4 Cactus kapena Peugeot 5008.

Ngakhale kupangidwa kwa injini yatsopano kunkalamulidwa ndi miyezo ya poizoni wa gasi, omwe adayipanga adayesa kupanga. chokhazikika komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mota. M'malo mwake, iyi ndi gawo lolimba, losagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsika. Ngati pakufunika kuchitapo kanthu pa tsambalo, sizimawononga ndalama zoposera ma zloty mazana angapo.

Komabe, injini iyi imafunikira chisamaliro. Wopanga amalimbikitsa kuti lamba wanthawi zonse asinthe 180 iliyonse. Km, ngakhale lero zimango amalangiza kuchepetsa imeneyi kwa 120 zikwi. km. Mwamwayi, kuperewera kumeneku kunaganiziridwa pakupanga, ndipo tsopano ntchito yonseyo imawononga ndalama zosaposa 700 PLN. Nthawi zambiri, mafuta amafunikanso kusinthidwa apa. Kuonetsetsa moyo wautali wautumiki wa turbocharger - pafupifupi makilomita 10 aliwonse.

Hyundai/Kia Gamma 1.6

Injini ya petulo yaku Korea ya 1,6-lita ndiye injini yoyambira yokhayo yotentha kwambiri ya Kia ndi Hyundai, pomwe imabwera mumtundu wamakono wokhala ndi jakisoni wamafuta mwachindunji komanso turbocharging. Yopangidwa kuyambira 2010, chipangizocho (mofanana ndi mapasa ang'onoang'ono a 1,4-lita) nawonso poyamba anali ndi zotumphukira zosavuta.

Pakalipano, m'magalimoto ogulitsa magalimoto, ophweka kwambiri mwa iwo, i.e. popanda supercharger ndi jekeseni multipoint, angapezeke mu Hyundai ix20. Kumeneko, imapangabe 125 hp yokhutiritsa, ngakhale kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapakati kumasonyezedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito mu AutoCentrum.pl lipoti la kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a galimotoyi silotsika (6,6 l / 100 km).

Pamapeto pake, kusankha chipangizochi kudzakupulumutsanibe, chifukwa palibe cholakwika chilichonse ndi injini iyi.. Pambuyo pake mapangidwe adapezanso zambiri pa database ya AutoCentrum, koma mtundu woyamba wanjingayo unali ndi mfundo imodzi yokha yofooka: unyolo womwe umayendetsa ma camshafts. Mwamwayi, m'malo mwake siwokwera mtengo monga momwe zimakhalira zovuta zambiri (1200 PLN iyenera kukhala yokwanira).

Pachifukwa ichi, injini iyi tsopano ndi chisankho chabwino monga gwero la mphamvu ya galimoto yaku Korea yomwe ili ndi zaka zingapo. Mu mtundu wachilengedwe wofuna, kuwonjezera pa Hyundai ix20, idawonekeranso m'mapasa otchuka ku Poland Kia Venga, Kia Soul kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2011, komanso mitundu ina ya Hyundai i30 ndi Kia cee'd.

Mazda Skyactiv-G

Pansi pa dzina la Skyactiv titha kupeza zotsatsa Mazda filosofi yomanga magalimoto. Pakadali pano, magawo onse oyendetsa amtunduwu amapangidwa molingana ndi izi, motero amakhala nawo pamatchulidwe awo, ndikuwonjezera zilembo zosiyanasiyana. Madizilo amalembedwa kuti Skyactiv-D, pomwe mafuta odziya okha (njira yatsopano ya Mazda) amagulitsidwa ngati Skyactiv-X. Magawo amafuta amtundu wa Skyactiv-G tsopano ndi otchuka kwambiri kuposa awiriwo.

Amakhalanso pafupi kwambiri ndi njira ya Skyactiv, yomwe ikufuna kuyang'ana kulimba ndi magwiridwe antchito mumapangidwe osavuta komanso kusamuka kwakukulu. Tikayang'ana mmbuyo, tikhoza kuvomereza moona mtima kuti okonza a ku Japan pankhaniyi adatha kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Kupatula apo, injini za mzerewu zidapangidwa kuyambira 2011, kotero timadziwa zambiri za iwo.

Kuphatikiza pa kusamutsidwa kwakukulu (malita 1,3 kwa zitsanzo zazing'ono kwambiri, 2,0 kapena 2,5 malita akuluakulu), injinizi zimakhala zokwera kwambiri - kwa injini zamafuta - psinjika chiŵerengero (14: 1). Komabe, izi sizikhudza kulimba kwawo mwanjira iliyonse, chifukwa monga palibe ngozi zazikulu zomwe zanenedwa mpaka pano. Kupatula apo, palibe zambiri zoti ziswe pano. Pali jekeseni wachindunji wokhala ndi mphamvu yogwira ntchito kwambiri, koma palibe kulimbikitsa mwanjira iliyonse. Komabe, ngati pali vuto lililonse m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, kukonza kwawo kotsika mtengo kudzakhala kovuta chifukwa cholephera kupeza magawo olowa m'malo omwe akuperekedwa kuchokera ku Japan.