Zatsopano zakuthambo: kuwala kolamulidwa

Malipoti ambiri okhudza "metamatadium" (m'mawu obwereza, chifukwa tanthauzo lake likuyamba kusamveka) amatipangitsa kuganiza za iwo ngati njira yothetsera mavuto onse, zowawa ndi zolephera zomwe dziko lamakono lamakono likukumana nalo. Malingaliro osangalatsa kwambiri posachedwapa amakhudza makompyuta owoneka bwino komanso zenizeni zenizeni.

paubwenzi makompyuta ongoyerekeza amtsogoloZitsanzo zikuphatikiza maphunziro a akatswiri ochokera ku Israel TAU University ku Tel Aviv. Akupanga ma multilayer nanomatadium omwe amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makompyuta owoneka bwino. Komanso, ofufuza ochokera ku Swiss Paul Scherrer Institute adapanga chinthu cha magawo atatu kuchokera ku maginito ang'onoang'ono biliyoni omwe amatha yerekezerani zigawo zitatu zophatikizika, mwa fanizo la madzi.

Kodi angagwiritsidwe ntchito chiyani? Aisrayeli akufuna kumanga. A Swiss amalankhula za kutumiza deta ndi kujambula, komanso ma spintronics ambiri.

Metaterial ya magawo atatu opangidwa ndi maginito ang'onoang'ono omwe amatsanzira zigawo zitatu zamadzi.

Zithunzi pakufunika

Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi asayansi ku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ku Dipatimenti Yamagetsi angapangitse kuti pakhale makompyuta opangidwa ndi ma metamatadium. Akuganiza kuti apange mtundu wa chimango cha laser chomwe chimatha kujambula ma atomu ena pamalo enaake, ndikupanga chopangidwa mwaluso, choyendetsedwa bwino. kuwala zochokera kapangidwe. Zimafanana ndi makhiristo achilengedwe. Ndi kusiyana kumodzi - ndi pafupifupi wangwiro, palibe chilema chimawonedwa mu zipangizo zachilengedwe.

Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti sadzatha kulamulira mwamphamvu malo a magulu a maatomu mu "kristalo wowala" wawo, komanso amakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la maatomu amtundu wina pogwiritsa ntchito laser ina (pafupi ndi infrared range). Iwo adzawapanga iwo, mwachitsanzo, pakufunika amatulutsa mphamvu inayake - ngakhale photon imodzi, yomwe, ikachotsedwa pa malo amodzi mu kristalo, imatha kuchitapo kanthu pa atomu yomwe imatsekeredwa kwina. Zidzakhala ngati kusinthana kosavuta kwa chidziwitso.

Kutha kumasula chithunzithunzi mwachangu m'njira yoyendetsedwa bwino ndikusamutsa popanda kutayika pang'ono kuchokera ku atomu imodzi kupita ku ina ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonza chidziwitso cha quantum computing. Munthu angalingalire kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya ma photon olamulidwa kuti azitha kuwerengera zovuta kwambiri - mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta amakono. Ma atomu ophatikizidwa mu krustalo yochita kupanga amathanso kudumpha kuchokera kumalo amodzi kupita kwina. Pachifukwa ichi, iwo eni angakhale onyamulira zidziwitso pakompyuta ya quantum kapena atha kupanga sensa ya quantum.

Asayansi apeza kuti maatomu a rubidium ndi abwino pazolinga zawo. Komabe, maatomu a barium, calcium, kapena cesium amathanso kugwidwa ndi ma laser crystal crystal chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zofanana. Kuti apange ma metamaterial pakuyesa kwenikweni, gulu lofufuza liyenera kutenga maatomu angapo mumtambo wa kristalo wochita kupanga ndikuwasunga pamenepo ngakhale atasangalala kumayiko apamwamba kwambiri.

Zowona zenizeni popanda kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe

Metamatadium atha kupeza ntchito zothandiza mdera lina lomwe likutukuka laukadaulo -. Zowona zenizeni zili ndi malire osiyanasiyana. Kupanda ungwiro kwa mawotchi odziwika kwa ife kuli ndi gawo lalikulu. Ndizosatheka kupanga mawonekedwe angwiro a kuwala, chifukwa nthawi zonse pamakhala zotchedwa aberrations, i.e. kusokonezeka kwa mafunde chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Tikudziwa zozungulira ndi chromatic aberrations, astigmatism, chikomokere ndi zina zambiri, zovuta zina zambiri za optics. Aliyense amene wagwiritsa ntchito ma seti a zenizeni zenizeni ayenera kuti adathana ndi zochitika izi. Ndizosatheka kupanga ma VR optics omwe ali opepuka, amatulutsa zithunzi zapamwamba, alibe utawaleza wowoneka (chromatic aberrations), perekani gawo lalikulu, komanso lotsika mtengo. Izi siziri zenizeni.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake opanga zida za VR Oculus ndi HTC amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa magalasi a Fresnel. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kulemera kwambiri, kuthetsa kusokonezeka kwa chromatic ndikupeza mtengo wotsika (zinthu zopangira magalasi oterowo ndizotsika mtengo). Tsoka ilo, mphete za refractive zimayambitsa w Magalasi a Fresnel kutsika kwakukulu kosiyana ndi kupangidwa kwa kuwala kwapakati, komwe kumawonekera makamaka pamene mawonekedwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu (chithunzi chakuda).

Komabe, posachedwa asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Harvard, motsogozedwa ndi Federico Capasso, adakwanitsa kupanga lens woonda ndi lathyathyathya pogwiritsa ntchito metamatadium. Nanostructure wosanjikiza pa galasi ndi woonda kuposa tsitsi la munthu (0,002 mm). Sikuti ilibe zovuta zake zonse, komanso imapereka chithunzithunzi chabwino kwambiri kuposa makina opangira okwera mtengo.

Ma lens a Capasso, mosiyana ndi magalasi opindika omwe amapindika ndikumwaza kuwala, amasintha mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a kuwala chifukwa cha tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timatuluka pamwamba, zoyikidwa pagalasi la quartz. Mphepete mwa nyanja yotereyi imatulutsa kuwala mosiyanasiyana, ndikusintha kumene ikupita. Choncho, ndikofunika kugawira bwino nanostructure (chitsanzo) chomwe chimapangidwa ndi makompyuta ndipo chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zofanana ndi makompyuta. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magalasi amtunduwu amatha kupangidwa m'mafakitale omwewo monga kale, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zodziwika zopangira. Titaniyamu woipa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupaka utoto.

Ndikoyenera kutchula njira ina yatsopano ya "meta-optics". metamatic hyperlensesadatengedwa ku American University ku Buffalo. Mitundu yoyamba ya ma hyperlenses idapangidwa ndi siliva ndi dielectric, koma idangogwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Asayansi a ku Buffalo anagwiritsira ntchito ndondomeko yokhazikika ya ndodo zagolide mu bokosi la thermoplastic. Zimagwira ntchito mumtundu wowonekera wavelength. Ofufuzawo akuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa chigamulo chochokera ku yankho latsopano pogwiritsa ntchito endoscope yachipatala monga chitsanzo. Nthawi zambiri imazindikira zinthu mpaka 10 nanometers, ndipo ikayika ma hyperlense, "imatsika" mpaka 250 nanometers. Mapangidwewa amagonjetsa vuto la diffraction, chodabwitsa chomwe chimachepetsa kwambiri kuthetsa kwa machitidwe optical - m'malo mwa kusokonezeka kwa mafunde, amasandulika mafunde omwe amatha kulembedwa muzipangizo zotsatila.

Malinga ndi buku lina lofalitsidwa mu Nature Communications, njira imeneyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m’madera ambiri, kuyambira pamankhwala kupita kukaona mamolekyu amodzi. Ndikoyenera kudikirira zida za konkriti zozikidwa pazachilengedwe. Mwina adzalola zenizeni zenizeni kuti pamapeto pake zikwaniritse bwino. Ponena za "makompyuta owoneka bwino", awa akadali chiyembekezo chakutali komanso chosamvetsetseka. Komabe, palibe chomwe chingalepheretse ...