Zida Zatsopano zaku China ndi chitetezo chamlengalenga Vol. imodzi

Kukhazikitsa kwa rocket kuchokera pakuyambitsa dongosolo la HQ-9. Kumbuyo kuli mlongoti wa malo ochitira zinthu zambiri radar.

Chitetezo chamlengalenga cha People's Liberation Army of China, komanso zida ndi zida zoteteza mpweya zomwe zimapangidwa ndi makampani aku China omwe amayang'anitsitsa olandila akunja, akadali mutu wosadziwika bwino. Mu 1949, pamene People's Republic of China inakhazikitsidwa, panalibe chitetezo cha ndege ku China konse. Mabatire ochepa amfuti zankhondo zaku Japan zomwe zidatsalira ku Shanghai ndi Manchuria zinali zosakwanira komanso zosatha, ndipo ankhondo a guomintango adatenga zida zawo kupita ku Taiwan. Magawo achitetezo amlengalenga a People's Liberation Army of China anali ophiphiritsira mochulukira komanso mwaluso, ndipo makamaka anali mfuti zankhondo za Soviet ndi mizinga isanayambe nkhondo.

Kukula kwa chitetezo chamlengalenga cha asitikali aku China kudakulitsidwa ndi Nkhondo yaku Korea, kufalikira komwe kudera la China kunkawoneka bwino. Chifukwa chake, USSR idapereka mwachangu zida zankhondo ndi zida za radar kuti zizindikire chandamale ndikuwongolera moto. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 1958-1959, ku China kunali magulu ankhondo oyambirira odana ndi ndege - awa anali maofesi asanu a SA-75 Dvina, omwe ankalamulidwa ndi antchito a Soviet. Kale pa Okutobala 7, 1959, ndege yozindikira ya RB-11D yomwe idanyamuka ku Taiwan idawomberedwa ndi mzinga wa 57D wadongosolo lino pafupi ndi Beijing. Patangotha ​​miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, pa May 1, 1960, ndege ya U-2 yoyendetsedwa ndi Francis G. Powers inawomberedwa pamtunda wa Sverdlovsk ku USSR. M'zaka zotsatira, ma U-2 enanso asanu adawomberedwa ku China.

Launcher HQ-9 pamalo opindika.

Pansi pa mgwirizano waukadaulo womwe udasainidwa mu Okutobala 1957, PRC idalandira zolemba zonse zopangira zida zoponyera 11D motsogozedwa ndi SA-75 zida za radar, koma kupanga kwawo kusanayambe m'mafakitale omangidwa ndi akatswiri aku Soviet, ubale wandale pakati pa mayiko awiriwa udasokonekera kwambiri, ndipo 1960 idaphwanyidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa, mwa zina, kuchotsedwa kwa ogwira ntchito ku Soviet, mgwirizano wina sunali wofunikira. Choncho, njira zina za chitukuko cha dongosolo SA-75, S-125 Neva dongosolo, kapena njira odana ndege mizinga chitetezo cha asilikali apansi, akuyendera mu USSR mu theka loyamba la 60s, sanapite. ku China. -75 pansi pa dzina la HQ-2 (HongQi - Red Banner) idayamba m'zaka za m'ma 70 (kuvomerezedwa kovomerezeka kukhala ntchito kunachitika mu 1967) ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 ndi 90 ndi mtundu wokhawo wa zida zotsutsana ndi ndege zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. magulu akuluakulu a chitetezo cha ndege CHALV. Palibe deta yodalirika pa chiwerengero cha machitidwe (squadron kits) opangidwa, malinga ndi zomwe zilipo, panali oposa 150 a iwo (pafupifupi oyambitsa 1000).

Ngati kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 50 thandizo la zida zankhondo zotsutsana ndi ndege, zomwe zinapangidwa mu USSR m'ma 1957s ndipo zinapangidwa kuyambira 80, zinachitira umboni za kubwerera mmbuyo kwa People's Liberation Army of China, ndiye kuti zinthu zinali m'munda. chitetezo cha ndege cha asilikali apansi chinali pafupifupi chomvetsa chisoni. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2, panalibe zida zamakono zodzipangira okha mu OPL ya Ground Forces ya CHALV, ndipo makope a Soviet Strel-5M (KhN-7) anali zida zazikulu zankhondo. Pang'ono zipangizo zamakono anali kokha HQ-80 launchers, i.e. opangidwa kuyambira theka lachiwiri la 80s chifukwa cha kusamutsa "chete" chilolezo cha French ku Crotale. Komabe, anali ochepa kwambiri. Poyamba, machitidwe ochepa okha operekedwa kuchokera ku France adagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kupanga ma clones awo pamlingo waukulu kunayamba kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 90 ndi 20, i.e. pafupifupi zaka XNUMX pambuyo poti French prototype.

Kuyesera kupanga paokha machitidwe odana ndi ndege nthawi zambiri kumatha kulephera, ndipo chosiyana chokha chinali njira ya KS-1, yomwe mivi yake imatha kuganiziridwa kuti ili pakati pa dongosolo la American HAWK ndi gawo lachiwiri la roketi ya 11D ya SA -75. Woyamba wa KS-1 amayenera kumangidwa m'ma 80 (kuwombera koyamba kudzachitika mu 1989), koma kupanga kwawo kudayamba mu 2007 komanso pang'ono.

Zinthu zinasintha kwambiri pambuyo kuyambiranso kwa mgwirizano wankhondo-zaukadaulo ndi USSR, ndiyeno ndi Russian Federation kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80. Malo a S-300PMU-1 / -2 ndi Tor-M1, S-300FM yoyendetsedwa ndi sitimayo, komanso Shtil ndi Shtil-1 yokhala ndi 9M38 ndi 9M317E zidagulidwa kumeneko. China yaperekanso thandizo lazachuma pantchito yoponya mizinga ya 9M317M/ME vertical-launch ya makina a Shtil-1 ndi Buk-M3. Ndi chilolezo chachinsinsi cha mbali ya Russia, onsewo anakopedwa (!) Ndipo kupanga machitidwe awo omwe, mofanana kwambiri ndi oyambirira a Soviet / Russian, kunayambika.

Pambuyo pazaka makumi ambiri za "kuletsa" pantchito yomanga makina odana ndi ndege ndi zida zoponya, pazaka khumi zapitazi, PRC yapanga ambiri - kuposa nzeru wamba komanso zosowa zilizonse zapakhomo ndi zotumiza kunja. Pali zizindikiro zambiri zosonyeza kuti ambiri mwa iwo sapangidwa mochuluka, ngakhale pamlingo wochepa kwambiri. Zoonadi, sizinganenedwe kuti pali njira yayitali yopititsira patsogolo mayankho ndikusankha zomangira zodalirika komanso zomwe zili zoyenera malinga ndi zofunikira za FALS.

Pakali pano, m'madera ozungulira chitetezo pali maofesi a HQ-9 - makope a S-300PMU-1, HQ-16 - "S-300P yochepetsedwa" ndi mizinga ya 9M317, komanso posachedwapa mivi yoyamba ya HQ-22. Ma KS-1 ndi HQ-64 nawonso amagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Chitetezo cha mlengalenga cha asilikali apansi chimagwiritsa ntchito HQ-17 - makope a "Tracks" ndi oyambitsa ambiri amitundu yambiri.

Mwayi wabwino kwambiri wodziwa zachilendo zachitetezo cha ndege ku China ndi holo zowonetsera ku Zhuhai, zomwe zimakonzedwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse ndikuphatikiza mawonekedwe amlengalenga-roketi-mlengalenga zochitika zapadziko lapansi zomwe zili ndi mayina ofanana ndikuwonetsa zida zamitundu yonse. asilikali. Chifukwa cha mbiriyi, zida zonse zotsutsana ndi ndege zimatha kuperekedwa m'malo amodzi, kuyambira zida zakale, zida za rocket, zida za radar, ndikutha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anti-drones, kuphatikiza ma lasers omenyera nkhondo. Chovuta chokha ndikuzindikira kuti ndi zida ziti zomwe zidapangidwa kale, zomwe zikuyesedwa kwambiri m'munda, komanso zomwe ndi ma prototypes kapena ziwonetsero zaukadaulo. Zina mwa izo zimaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a masanjidwe osavuta kapena ochepera, zomwe sizitanthauza kuti palibe ma analogi ogwira ntchito.