Omenyera aposachedwa aku China part 1

Omenyera aposachedwa aku China

Masiku ano, People's Republic of China ili ndi gulu lankhondo lachitatu lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, mofanana ndi ndege zaku America ndi Russia. Amakhazikitsidwa pa omenyera 600 osiyanasiyana, ofanana ndi omenyera a F-15 ndi F-16 a US Air Force. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chiwerengero cha ndege zatsopano chawonjezeka kwambiri (J-10, J-11, Su-27, Su-30), ntchito ikuchitika pa m'badwo watsopano wa ndege (J-20 ndi J-31 omenyana ndi zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosawoneka bwino). Zida zowongoleredwa komanso zazitali zikukhala zofunika kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, dziko la China silinathetse mavuto onse omwe akutukuka kumene, makamaka pakupanga ndi kupanga injini za jet ndi avionics.

Makampani opanga ndege ku China adamangidwa pafupifupi nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha. Thandizo lalikulu kwa PRC panthawiyo linaperekedwa ndi USSR, yomwe idagwira nawo ntchito popanga makampani ankhondo aku China, kuphatikizapo ndege, mpaka kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubale pakati pa mayiko awiriwa, komwe kunachitika mu theka lachiwiri la XNUMXs.

Chomera No. 112 ku Shenyang chinakhala bizinesi yoyamba yoyendetsa ndege ku China. Ntchito yomanga inayamba mu 1951, ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri chomeracho chinayamba kupanga zida zoyamba za ndege. Poyamba zidakonzedwa kuti zipange zida za MiG-15bis ngati J-2, koma mapulani awa sanakwaniritsidwe. M'malo mwake, Factory No. 112 inayamba kupanga MiG-15UTI omenyera mipando iwiri ngati JJ-2. Ku Harbin, kupanga kwa injini za jet za RD-45F kwakhazikitsidwa.

Mu 1955, kupanga chilolezo cha asilikali a MiG-17F pansi pa nambala J-5 kunayamba ku Shenyang, poyamba kuchokera ku mbali zoperekedwa ku USSR. J-5 yoyamba yomangidwa bwino ndi China idawuluka pa Julayi 13, 1956. Ma injini a WK-1F a ndegezi adapangidwa ku Shenyang Liming ngati WP-5. J-5 inapangidwa mpaka 1959, ndipo makina 767 amtundu uwu adagubuduza pamzere wa msonkhano. Panthawi imodzimodziyo ndi kumanga maofesi asanu akuluakulu a fakitale ku Shenyang, malo ofufuza ndi zomangamanga anakhazikitsidwa, omwe amadziwika kuti Institute No. . Kumasulira koteroko, i.e. kawiri MiG-601, sanali mu USSR. Chitsanzo cha JJ-5 chinayamba kuonekera pa May 5, 17, ndipo pofika 5 magalimoto 6 amtunduwu anali atapangidwa. Amayendetsedwa ndi injini za WK-1966A, zosankhidwa kwanuko WP-1986D.

Pa Disembala 17, 1958, mtundu woyamba wa J-6A, mtundu wovomerezeka wa MiG-19P, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe a radar, unanyamuka ku Shenyang. Komabe, makina opangidwa ndi Soviet anali osauka kwambiri kotero kuti kupanga kunayimitsidwa ndipo chisankho chinapangidwa kuti chisamutsire ku fakitale ku Nanchang, komwe kupangidwa kovomerezeka kwa omenyera a J-6B (MiG-19PM) ofanana adayambitsidwa nthawi imodzi, okhala ndi zida. chida chochokera kumlengalenga kupita kumlengalenga. -1 (RS-2US). J-6B yoyamba ku Nanchang inayamba pa 28 September 1959. Komabe, palibe chomwe chidabwera, ndipo mu 1963, ntchito yonse yomwe ikufuna kuyambitsa kupanga J-6A ndi J-6B idamalizidwa. Pakalipano, kuyesa kunachitika ku Shenyang kuti akhazikitse kupanga "zosavuta" zankhondo za J-6 (MiG-19S), popanda mawonekedwe a radar. Kope loyambalo linaulutsidwa m’mwamba pa September 30, 1959, koma ulendo uno palibe chimene chinatulukamo. Kupanga kwa J-6 sikunayambikenso mpaka zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, pambuyo poti ogwira ntchitoyo adapeza chidziwitso chofunikira ndikuwongolera bwino kupanga (komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti, mosiyana ndi zochitika zam'mbuyomu zamtunduwu, thandizo la Soviet silinali. amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi ino). Yoyamba ya J-6 ya mndandanda watsopano idayamba pa Seputembara 23, 1963. Zaka khumi pambuyo pake, mtundu wina "wosakhala radar" wa J-6C udapangidwa ku Shenyang (ndege yofananira idachitika pa Ogasiti 6, 1969. ). Pazonse, ndege zaku China zidalandira pafupifupi omenyera 2400 a J-6; mazana angapo ena adapangidwa kuti azitumiza kunja. Kuonjezera apo, 634 JJ-6 ophunzitsa mipando iwiri anamangidwa (kupanga kunathetsedwa mu 1986, ndipo mtunduwo unachotsedwa mu 2010). Ma injini a WP-6 (RD-9B) adamangidwa ku Shenyang Liming, kenako ku Chengdu.

ndege ina opangidwa ku Shenyang anali J-8 mapasa-injini interceptor ndi kusinthidwa J-8-II. Chigamulo chopanga ndege yotereyi chinapangidwa mu 1964, ndipo inali ndege yoyamba yankhondo yaku China yomwe idapangidwa pafupifupi m'nyumba. Chitsanzo cha J-8 chinayamba pa July 5, 1969, koma kuponderezedwa kwa mlengi wamkulu Liu Hongzhi panthawi ya Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution ku China kunachititsa kuti kuchedwa kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya J-8, yomwe inalibe mlengi wamkulu. kwa zaka zingapo. zaka. Kupanga kwa seri ya J-8 ndi kukweza kwa J-8-I kunachitika mu 1985-87. Panthawiyo ndegeyo inali itatha ntchito, choncho mu 1980 ntchito inayambika pa mtundu wamakono wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri a radar mu uta ndi zogwirizira m'mbali m'malo mwa chapakati. Amayenera kukhala ndi zida zoponyera zoponya zapakati pa air-to-air. Chitsanzo cha ndegeyi chinanyamuka pa June 12, 1984, ndipo mu 1986 chinapangidwa, koma mu mtundu wa J-8-IIB ndi zida zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a semi-active radar-guided PL-11. zoponya. Pazonse, pofika 2009, omenyera 400 amtunduwu adamangidwa, ena mwa iwo anali amakono pakugwira ntchito.

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka makumi asanu ndi anayi, chomera cha Shenyang chinayamba kupanga chilolezo cha asilikali a ku Russia a Su-27SK, omwe amadziwika ndi dzina lapafupi la J-11 (zambiri pamutuwu zingapezeke m'nkhani ina m'magazini ino).

Fakitale yachiwiri yayikulu yomenyera ndege ku China ndi Factory No. 132 ku Chengdu. Kupanga kunayambira kumeneko mu 1964 (zomangamanga zinayamba mu 1958) ndipo poyamba izi zinali ndege za J-5A (J-5 zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a radar; mwina sizinali zatsopano, koma zomangidwanso) ndi ndege za JJ-5 zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Shenyang. . . Pamapeto pake, adayenera kukhala wankhondo wa MiG-21F-13 (J-7), wokhoza kuwirikiza kawiri liwiro la phokoso komanso wokhala ndi zida za R-3S (PL-2) zoyendetsedwa ndi air-to-air, homing. kutsogolera infrared. Komabe, kuyambitsa kupanga kwa J-7 mu fakitale yokhala ndi antchito osadziwa kunali vuto lalikulu, kotero kupanga J-7 kunayamba koyamba ku Shenyang, kuwuluka koyamba pa 17 Januware 1966. Ku Chengdu, anali ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka zokha, koma kupanga kwakukulu kunayamba zaka zitatu zokha pambuyo pake. M'matembenuzidwe owonjezereka, pafupifupi 2500 omenyana ndi J-7 anamangidwa, kupanga komwe kunathetsedwa mu 2013. Komanso, mu 1986-2017. ku Guizhou, mtundu wa mipando iwiri ya JJ-7 idapangidwa (chomeracho chidaperekanso zida zomangira ndege ya J-7 ku Chengdu). Ma injini a WP-7 (R11F-300) adamangidwa ku Shenyang Liming ndipo kenako Guizhou Liyang. Chomera chomalizacho chinapanganso WP-13 yokwezeka kwa omenyera atsopano (mitundu yonse ya injini idagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu omenyera a J-8).