Toyota GR86 yatsopano. Galimoto yamapikisano othamanga komanso mzinda
Zamkatimu
GR86 yatsopano ndiye mtundu wachitatu wapadziko lonse lapansi pamzere wa GR wamagalimoto owona zamasewera. Imalumikizana ndi GR Supra ndi GR Yaris ndipo, monga magalimoto awa, imakoka mwachindunji zomwe zidachitika ndi gulu la Toyota GAZOO Racing.
Coupe yatsopanoyi yakhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale galimoto yotsika mtengo mumtundu wa GR, wopatsa gulu lalikulu la ogula mwayi wochita masewera komanso machitidwe amasewera. GR86 imamanga pa mphamvu za omwe adatsogolera, GT86, yomwe Toyota idayambitsa mu 2012, kuyambiranso kupanga magalimoto amasewera patatha zaka zingapo. GR86 imasunga mawonekedwe apamwamba a injini yakutsogolo yomwe imayendetsa mawilo akumbuyo. The powertrain akadali mkulu-revving anayi yamphamvu boxer injini, koma ndi kusamutsidwa lalikulu, mphamvu zambiri ndi makokedwe zambiri. Injiniyo imasinthidwa kukhala yamanja kapena yotumiza yokha kuti ipereke mathamangitsidwe osalala, osunthika pamtundu wonse wa rev.
Ntchito yolimbitsa thupi imayang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa kulemera ndikuchepetsanso pakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya crisper, kugwira molunjika. Ngakhalenso aluminiyamu yowonjezereka ndi zina zopepuka, zida zolimba zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbikitsa kapangidwe kake pamalo abwino ndikupereka kukhazikika kwagalimoto yonse. Dongosolo loyimitsidwa lakonzedwanso mosamala kuti liwonetsetse kuti magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri. Akatswiri othamanga a TOYOTA GAZOO adathandizira opanga GR86 kukhathamiritsa ziwalo za thupi malinga ndi kayendedwe ka ndege.
Mtundu wa GR86 udayambitsidwa koyamba mu Epulo 2021. Tsopano coupe iyamba ku Europe ndipo iwoneka muzipinda zowonetsera kumapeto kwa 2022. Kupanga kwake kudzakhala zaka ziwiri zokha, ndikupangitsa kukhala chopereka chapadera kwa makasitomala a Toyota, onse okonda kuyendetsa masewera ndi otolera.
GR86 yatsopano. Kuyendetsa zosangalatsa
GR86 yatsopano idabadwa ngati "galimoto ya analogi yanthawi zama digito". Linapangidwa ndi okonda okonda, ndikuganizira kwambiri zosangalatsa zoyendetsa galimoto - chinthu chomwe chimafotokozedwa bwino mu Chijapani ndi mawu akuti "waku doki".
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti GR86 sinapangidwe ngati galimoto yamasewera ya purists ndi anthu odziwa okha. Mphamvu zake zitha kuwoneka panjanji komanso pakuyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku popanda msewu.
Toyota GR86 yatsopano idzafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zidapangitsa kuti GT86, mafani ambiri atsopano, zithandizire kukhalapo kwa Toyota pachikhalidwe chamagalimoto kudzera mumasewera osachita masewera, kutsatira zochitika zamasiku ndikukhala gwero lolimbikitsa kwa ma tuner ndi magalimoto. okonda. makampani oyendetsa galimoto. Kwa onse omwe amakonda kusintha magalimoto awo, Toyota yakonza zida zambiri kuchokera pamzere wa GR wa mtundu watsopano.
GR86 yatsopano. Mphamvu ndi ntchito
2,4 lita imodzi ya boxer engine
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha GR86 yatsopano, monga GT86, ndi injini ya bokosi, yomwe imapereka ntchito zabwino kwambiri komanso malo otsika a mphamvu yokoka. Gulu la DOHC 16-valve four-cylinder unit limagwiritsa ntchito chipika chofanana ndi galimoto yapitayi, koma kusamuka kwake kwawonjezeka kuchokera ku 1998 kufika ku 2387 cc. Izi zidatheka powonjezera kukula kwa silinda kuchokera 86 mpaka 94 mm.
Ngakhale kusunga chiŵerengero chomwecho psinjika (12,5: 1), galimoto limapanga mphamvu zambiri: mtengo pazipita chawonjezeka pafupifupi 17 peresenti - kuchokera 200 HP kuti 147 HP. (234 kW) mpaka 172 hp (7 kW) pa 0 rpm rpm Zotsatira zake, nthawi yothamanga kuchokera ku 100 mpaka 6,3 km / h imachepetsedwa ndi sekondi imodzi mpaka masekondi 6,9 (masekondi 86 ndi kufala kwadzidzidzi). Liwiro pamwamba pa GR226 ndi 216 Km/h kwa buku kufala galimoto ndi XNUMX Km/h kwa Baibulo basi kufala.
Makokedwe pazipita chawonjezeka kwa 250 Nm ndipo anafika kale pa 3700 rpm. (pa chitsanzo yapita, makokedwe anali 205 NM pa 6400-6600 rpm). Amapereka mathamangitsidwe osalala koma otsimikizika mpaka ma revs apamwamba, omwe amathandizira kuyendetsa bwino, makamaka mukatuluka pakona. Kuchuluka kwa makokedwe ndi chimodzimodzi kwa magalimoto ndi Buku ndi basi kufala.
Kuyendetsa kwapangidwa mosamala kuti muchepetse kulemera kwake ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zake. Zosintha zimaphatikizapo zomangira zocheperako za silinda, kukhathamiritsa kwa jekete lamadzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chivundikiro cha valve chophatikizika. Zingwe zolumikizira zalimbikitsidwanso ndipo mawonekedwe a ndodo yolumikizira ndi chipinda choyaka chakonzedwa.
Dongosolo la jakisoni wamafuta a D-4S, pogwiritsa ntchito jekeseni wachindunji komanso wosalunjika, lakonzedwa kuti liziyankha mwachangu. Jekeseni wa Direct amaziziritsa masilinda, zomwe zimakonda kugwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero chapamwamba cha compression. Jakisoni wosalunjika amagwira ntchito motsika kwambiri mpaka apakatikati kuti muwonjezere mphamvu.
Onaninso: Kodi chozimitsira moto chimafunika mgalimoto?
Kutumiza kwa mpweya ku injini kwakonzedwanso ndi kukonzedwanso kolowera m'mimba mwake ndi kutalika kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale torque yambiri komanso kuthamanga. Mpweya wotengera mpweya wasinthidwanso kuchokera m'mbuyo mwake kuti uwongolere kayendedwe ka mpweya. Ubwino wowonjezerapo umaphatikizapo kapangidwe katsopano ka pampu yamafuta yomwe imapereka mpweya wokwanira mukamakwera pamakona ndi pampu yaying'ono yozizirira yomwe imapangidwira kuti izigwira ntchito mwachangu. Chozizira chatsopano chamafuta oziziritsa m'madzi chawonjezedwa, ndipo mawonekedwe okulirapo a radiator ali ndi maupangiri apadera owonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya wozizirira womwe umakokedwamo.
Mbali yapakati ya makina otulutsa mpweya wakonzedwanso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti galimotoyo itulutse "grunt" yolimba panthawi yothamanga, ndipo Active Sound Control system imapangitsa phokoso la injini mu kanyumba.
Kuchepetsa phokoso ndi kugwedezeka, GR86 imakhala ndi injini zatsopano za hydraulic aluminiyamu ndi mapangidwe opangidwanso, olimba a poto yokhala ndi mawonekedwe atsopano a nthiti.
GR86 yatsopano. Ma gearbox
Ma GR86's XNUMX-speed manual and automatic transmissions asinthidwa kuti akhale ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso torque. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchita kwa galimoto, yomwe ndi yosangalatsa kuyendetsa.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mafuta atsopano otsika-makamaka ndi ma bere atsopano kumapangitsa kusuntha kosalala pamagetsi apamwamba. Kuti apindule kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwagalimoto, dalaivala akhoza kusankha Track mode kapena kuletsa dongosolo lowongolera (VSC). Cholozera chosinthira chimakhala ndi ulendo waufupi komanso wokwanira m'manja mwa dalaivala.
Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito zopalasa zomwe zimalola dalaivala kusankha kusintha magiya. Mumayendedwe amasewera, kufala kumasankha zida zabwino kwambiri kutengera malo a accelerator ndi ma brake pedals ndi momwe galimoto ilili. Ma mbale owonjezera a clutch ndi chosinthira chatsopano chochita bwino kwambiri chayikidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu yayikulu ya injini.
GR86 yatsopano. Chassis ndi kusamalira
Chassis yopepuka yokhala ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu
Kusamalira bwino kunali chizindikiro cha GT86. Popanga GR86 yatsopano, Toyota inkafuna kupanga galimoto yomwe imayendetsa ndendende momwe dalaivala amayembekezera. Kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yowonjezera ya injini imasandulika kukhala yogwira ntchito komanso kuyankha mogwira mtima, chassis ndi bodywork zidapangidwa ndi zida zopepuka koma zolimba zomwe zimapereka kulimba kwakukulu ndikuchepetsa kulemera. Zowonjezera zowonjezera zagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'madera akuluakulu.
Kutsogolo, mamembala amtundu wa diagonal awonjezedwa kuti alumikizitse kuyimitsidwa kumayendedwe othandizira agalimoto, kukonza kusamutsa katundu kuchokera kumawilo akutsogolo ndikuchepetsa kupendekeka kwapambuyo. Zomangamanga zapamwamba zakhala zikuyambitsidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi mapepala apansi ndi kuyimitsidwa, ndipo hood imakhala ndi mawonekedwe atsopano amkati. Chifukwa cha miyeso iyi, kulimba kwa kutsogolo kwa thupi kumawonjezeka ndi 60%.
Kumbuyo kwake, chimango chimagwirizanitsa pamwamba ndi pansi pa chassis ndipo, monga kutsogolo, maulalo atsopano omwe akugwira pansi pazitsulo zoyimitsidwa amapereka njira yoyendetsera makona. Thupi torsional rigidity chinawonjezeka ndi 50%.
Cholinga cha kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kutsika kwapakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya galimoto kumawonekera pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamphamvu ndi zopepuka m'madera opangira mapangidwe. Izi zikuphatikizapo zitsulo zotentha zamphamvu kwambiri ndi aluminiyumu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zomatira zomangira pamtunda wonse wa chassis kumapangitsa kuti kugawanika kwa kupanikizika, komwe kumatsimikizira ubwino wa ziwalo zoyendetsera galimotoyo.
Zopangira denga, zotchingira zakutsogolo ndi bonnet zimapangidwa kuchokera ku aluminiyamu, pomwe mipando yakutsogolo yokonzedwanso, makina otulutsa ndi ma driveshaft amapulumutsa mapaundi angapo. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri pamlingo wokwanira wa GR86 watsopano, wokhala ndi 53:47 kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Izi zidapangitsanso kukhala imodzi mwamagalimoto opepuka okhala ndi anthu anayi pamsika, okhala ndi malo otsika kwambiri amphamvu yokoka. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zina zowonjezera chitetezo, kulemera kwa GR86 ndi pafupifupi ofanana ndi GT86.
Pendant
GR86 imagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lofanana loyimitsidwa ngati GT86, lomwe ndi MacPherson yodziyimira payokha kutsogolo ndi mabones awiri kumbuyo, koma chassis idakonzedwa kuti iyankhe mwachangu komanso kukhazikika kowongolera. Kusiyanitsa kwa Torsen limited-slip kumapereka njira yokhotakhota.
Mawonekedwe a shock damping ndi ma coil spring spring awongoleredwa kuti galimotoyo iziyenda bwino. Chingwe cha aluminiyamu choyikira injini chidawonjezedwa kutsogolo, ndipo chowongolera chidalimbitsidwa.
Chifukwa cha makokedwe ochulukirapo omwe amapangidwa ndi injini ya 2,4-lita, kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo kwalimbikitsidwa ndi bar yokhazikika yomwe tsopano ikuphatikizidwa mwachindunji ku subframe.
Utsogoleri dongosolo
Chiwongolero chatsopano chamagetsi chili ndi chiŵerengero cha 13,5: 1 ndipo chimafuna kutembenuka kwa 2,5 kokha kwa chiwongolero cha GR86 cholankhulidwa katatu kuti chichoke pokoka, ndikupangitsa galimotoyo kukhala yosavuta kuyendetsa. Chowongoleredwa chatsopano cha strut-mounted power steering motor chimachepetsa kulemera ndipo chimatenga malo ochepa. Kukwera kwa zida kumalimbikitsidwa ndi mphira ya rabara yowonjezereka.
Mabuleki
Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo mpweya mabuleki zimbale ndi awiri 294 ndi 290 mm anaikidwa. Monga muyezo, galimoto ali okonzeka ndi machitidwe braking thandizo - ABS, Brake Assist, traction Control (TC), Stability Control ndi Hill Start Assist, komanso dongosolo mwadzidzidzi ananyema chenjezo.
GR86 Yatsopano, Kapangidwe
Mapangidwe akunja ndi aerodynamics
Silhouette ya GR86 ikugwirizana ndi thupi lotsika, lolimba la GT86, lomwe limafanana ndi lingaliro lachikale la galimoto yamasewera yakutsogolo yoyendetsa mawilo akumbuyo. Galimotoyo ndi ya magalimoto akuluakulu a Toyota kuyambira zaka zambiri zapitazo, monga 2000GT kapena Corolla AE86.
Miyeso yakunja ndi yofanana ndi GT86, koma galimoto yatsopanoyo ndi yotsika ndi 10mm (1mm wamtali) ndipo ili ndi wheelbase ya 310mm (5mm). Chinsinsi cha kuyendetsa bwino komanso kuyendetsa bwino ndikutsitsa pakati pa mphamvu yokoka, yomwe mu kanyumbako yachititsa kuti chiuno cha dalaivala chikhale chotsika ndi 2mm.
Monga GR Supra, nyali zatsopano za LED zili ndi mawonekedwe amkati owoneka ngati L, pomwe grille imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a GR mesh. Mawonekedwe atsopano ogwirira ntchito kutsogolo kwa bumper bar ndi mawonekedwe amasewera omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa kukana kwa mpweya.
Kuchokera kumbali, silhouette ya galimotoyo imalimbikitsidwa ndi zotchingira zamphamvu zakutsogolo ndi zolimba zolimba, pomwe mzere wa thupi womwe umadutsa pamwamba pa zotchingira ndi zitseko umapangitsa galimotoyo kukhala yolimba. Zotchingira zam'mbuyo zimamvekanso chimodzimodzi, ndipo cab imachepera kumbuyo kuti itsindike njira yayikulu komanso yotsika yamphamvu yokoka. Zowunikira zakumbuyo, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu amitundu itatu, zimaphatikizana ndi zomangira zomwe zimadutsa m'lifupi mwake.
Kutengera ndi zomwe Toyota GAZOO Racing idakumana nazo mu motorsport, zida zingapo zakuthambo zidayambitsidwa, kuphatikiza bala yakutsogolo ndi mazenera kuseri kwa magudumu akutsogolo omwe amathandizira kuyendetsa mpweya komanso kuchepetsa chipwirikiti kuzungulira matayala. Magalasi akuda amapindika kuti azitha kuyenda bwino. Ma Ailerons omwe amayikidwa kumbuyo kwa gudumu lakumbuyo komanso kumbuyo kwa bumper amathandizira kuwongolera mpweya ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwagalimoto. M'magawo apamwamba kwambiri, spoiler amawonjezeredwa pamphepete mwa tailgate.
Kutengera mtunduwo, GR86 imakhala ndi mawilo 17" 10-spoke alloy okhala ndi matayala a Michelin Primacy HP kapena 18" mawilo akuda okhala ndi matayala a Michelin Pilot Sport 4.
Mkati - cab ndi thunthu
Mkati mwa GR86 adapangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kusavuta komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito makina omwe amapezeka mugalimoto. Chida choyang'ana chopingasa chimapatsa dalaivala kuwona kwakukulu ndikuthandizira kuyang'ana pakuyendetsa.
Mapangidwe a mabatani ndi ma knobs mozungulira dalaivala ndi osavuta komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Gulu lowongolera nyengo lomwe lili ndi ma dials akulu owunikira a LED ndi mabatani a Piano Black ali pakatikati pa kontrakitala, pomwe zogwirira zitseko zimaphatikizidwa ndi zida zapakhomo. Malo opumira apakati amagwira ntchito chifukwa cha makapu, komanso ali ndi madoko awiri a USB ndi socket ya AUX.
Mipando yakutsogolo yamasewera ndi yopapatiza ndipo imapereka chithandizo chabwino chathupi. Amakhalanso ndi ma washer othandizira odziyimira pawokha. Kufikira mipando yakumbuyo kumayendetsedwa ndi lever yomwe imayikidwa kumbuyo kwa mpando wakutsogolo.
Mitundu iwiri yamitundu yamkati imawonetsa mawonekedwe agalimoto: wakuda wokhala ndi mawu asiliva kapena wakuda wokhala ndi tsatanetsatane wa upholstery, kusokera, mphasa zapansi ndi zitseko zofiira kwambiri. Mipando yakumbuyo pindani pansi ndi latch mu kanyumba kapena ndi lamba mu chipinda katundu. Ndi mipando yakumbuyo yopindidwa pansi, malo onyamula katundu ndi akulu mokwanira kuti akwanire mawilo anayi, abwino kwa anthu omwe amakwera GR86 yawo kuti azitsata zomwe zachitika tsikulo.
matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi
Mawonekedwe a GR86 ngati galimoto yapadera yamasewera amatsimikiziridwa ndi zambiri, monga makanema ojambula pa logo ya GR pamawonekedwe a mainchesi asanu ndi awiri kutsogolo kwa dalaivala komanso pazithunzi zojambulidwa ndi mainchesi eyiti.
Dongosolo la multimedia lili ndi kuchuluka kwa RAM, zomwe zimabweretsa kugwira ntchito mwachangu. Imabwera ndi chochunira cha digito cha DAB, Bluetooth ndi kulumikizana kwa smartphone ndi Apple CarPlay® ndi Android Auto™. Zosankha zowonjezera zolumikizira komanso kuthekera kolipiritsa zida zimaperekedwa ndi madoko a USB ndi cholumikizira cha AUX. Chifukwa cha gawo latsopano loyankhulirana, GR86 ili ndi makina a eCall omwe amadziwitsa okha chithandizo chadzidzidzi pakachitika ngozi.
Dashboard yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa dalaivala imaphatikizapo mawonedwe amitundu yambiri kumanzere kwa tachometer yomwe ili pakati ndi speedometer ya digito. Mutha kusintha zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mabatani omwe ali pachiwongolero. Mumasewera amasewera, tachometer imawunikiridwa mofiira.
Dalaivala akasankha Track mode, adzawonetsedwa gulu losiyana la zida, lomwe linapangidwa ndi gulu la TOYOTA GAZOO Racing. Mzere wa liwiro la injini, giya yosankhidwa, liwiro, injini ndi kutentha koziziritsa zimawonetsedwa kuti zithandizire dalaivala kudziwa magawo agalimoto atangoyang'ana pang'onopang'ono ndikugwirizana bwino ndi malo osinthira.
Onaninso: Iyi ndi Rolls-Royce Cullinan.
