Lingaliro latsopano la momwe injini ya EmDrive imagwirira ntchito. Injini ndi zotheka ayi

EmDrive (1) wotchuka sayenera kuphwanya malamulo a physics, akutero Mike McCulloch (2) wa pa yunivesite ya Plymouth. Wasayansiyo akupereka chiphunzitso chomwe chimapereka njira yatsopano yomvetsetsera kayendetsedwe ka zinthu ndi mathamangitsidwe ochepa kwambiri. Ngati iye anali wolondola, tingathe kutchula galimoto yodabwitsa "yopanda inertial", chifukwa ndi inertia, ndiko kuti, inertia, yomwe imavutitsa wofufuza wa ku Britain.

Inertia ndi chikhalidwe cha zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi misa, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa njira kapena kuthamanga. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, misa imatha kuganiziridwa ngati muyeso wa inertia. Ngakhale kuti izi zikuwoneka ngati lingaliro lodziwika bwino, chikhalidwe chake sichidziwika bwino. Lingaliro la McCulloch limachokera ku lingaliro lakuti inertia imabwera chifukwa cha zotsatira zomwe zinanenedweratu ndi chiyanjano chotchedwa ma radiation ochokera ku Unruhuku ndi cheza chakuda cha thupi chomwe chimagwira pa zinthu zomwe zimathamanga. Kumbali ina, tinganene kuti kutentha kwa chilengedwe kukuwonjezereka pamene tikufulumira.

2. Mike McCulloch waku Plymouth University

Malinga ndi McCulloch, inertia ndi kukakamiza komwe kumachitika ndi ma radiation a Unruh pathupi lomwe likuyenda mwachangu. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kuphunzira za mathamangitsidwe omwe timakonda kuwona padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi wasayansi, izi zimawonekera kokha pamene mathamangitsidwe amakhala ochepa. Pamathamangitsidwe ang'onoang'ono, mafunde a Unruh ndi aakulu kwambiri moti samalowanso m'chilengedwe chowoneka. Izi zikachitika, a McCulloch amatsutsa kuti inertia imatha kungotengera zinthu zina ndikudumpha kuchokera pamtengo wina kupita ku wina, womwe umafanana bwino ndi zotsatira za kuchuluka. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, inertia iyenera kuwerengedwa ngati chigawo cha mathamangitsidwe ang'onoang'ono.

McCulloch amakhulupirira kuti akhoza kutsimikiziridwa ndi chiphunzitso chake muzowonera. ma spikes odabwitsa zimawonedwa podutsa zinthu zina zakuthambo pafupi ndi Dziko lapansi kupita ku mapulaneti ena. Ndizovuta kuphunzira izi mosamala Padziko Lapansi chifukwa mathamangitsidwe omwe amalumikizidwa nawo ndi ochepa kwambiri.

Ponena za EmDrive yokha, lingaliro la McCulloch limachokera ku lingaliro ili: ngati ma photon ali ndi mtundu wina wa misa, ndiye akawonetseredwa, ayenera kukhala ndi inertia. Komabe, ma radiation a Unruh ndi ochepa kwambiri pankhaniyi. Zing'onozing'ono kwambiri moti zimatha kuyanjana ndi malo omwe ali pafupi. Pankhani ya EmDrive, iyi ndiye cone ya mapangidwe a "injini". The chulucho amalola ma radiation a Unruh a kutalika kwakutali kumapeto kokulirapo, ndi ma radiation aafupi kwambiri kumapeto kocheperako. Ma photons amawonekera, kotero inertia yawo mu chipinda iyenera kusintha. Ndipo kuchokera ku mfundo yosungirako mphamvu, yomwe, mosiyana ndi malingaliro afupipafupi okhudza EmDrive, sichikuphwanyidwa mu kutanthauzira uku, zikutsatira kuti kukoka kuyenera kupangidwa motere.

Lingaliro la McCulloch likhoza kuyesedwa moyesera m'njira ziwiri. Choyamba, poyika dielectric mkati mwa chipindacho - izi ziyenera kuonjezera kuyendetsa bwino kwa galimotoyo. Kachiwiri, malinga ndi wasayansi, kusintha kukula kwa chipinda kungasinthe njira yokankhira. Izi zidzachitika pamene ma radiation a Unruh ali oyenerera kumapeto kwa cone kusiyana ndi kufalikira. Zotsatira zofananazi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwafupipafupi kwa matabwa a photon mkati mwa cone. Wofufuza wina wa ku Britain anati: “Kusintha maganizo kwachitika kale m’kuyesa kwaposachedwapa kwa NASA.

Lingaliro la McCulloch, kumbali imodzi, limathetsa vuto la kusunga mphamvu, ndipo kumbali ina, ili pambali ya sayansi. (sayansi yapakatikati). Kuchokera kumalingaliro asayansi, ndizokayikitsa kuganiza kuti ma photon ali ndi inertia. Komanso, zomveka, liwiro la kuwala liyenera kusintha mkati mwa chipindacho. Izi ndizovuta kwa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo kuvomereza.

3. Mfundo ya ntchito ya injini ya EmDrive

Zimagwira ntchito koma mayeso ochulukirapo akufunika

EmDrive poyambilira anali mwana wa Roger Scheuer, m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino oyendetsa ndege ku Europe. Anapereka mapangidwe awa ngati chidebe chowoneka bwino. Mapeto amodzi a resonator ndi okulirapo kuposa enawo, ndipo miyeso yake imasankhidwa m'njira yoti ipereke kumveka kwa mafunde a electromagnetic kutalika kwake. Zotsatira zake, mafundewa omwe akufalikira chakumapeto otakata ayenera kufulumira ndi kutsika mpaka kumapeto kocheperako (3). Zikuganiziridwa kuti, chifukwa cha mafunde osiyanasiyana osunthira kutsogolo kwa mafunde, amakhala ndi mphamvu ya radiation yosiyana mbali zina za resonator, motero. chingwe chopanda pake chomwe chimasuntha chinthucho.

Komabe, malinga ndi sayansi yodziwika bwino, ngati palibe mphamvu yowonjezera yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kuthamanga sikungawonjezere. Mwachidziwitso, EmDrive imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chodabwitsa cha kuthamanga kwa ma radiation. Kuthamanga kwa gulu la mafunde a electromagnetic wave, motero mphamvu yopangidwa ndi iyo, ingadalire geometry ya waveguide momwe imafalikira. Malinga ndi lingaliro la Scheuer, ngati mupanga conical waveguide mwanjira yoti liwiro la mafunde kumalekezero amodzi limasiyana kwambiri ndi liwiro la mafunde kumapeto kwina, ndiye powonetsa mafundewa pakati pa malekezero awiriwa, mumapeza kusiyana kwa kuthamanga kwa ma radiation. ,ndi. mphamvu zokwanira kukwaniritsa kukopa. Malinga ndi Shayer, EmDrive sichiphwanya malamulo a physics, koma imagwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha Einstein - injini ili mu mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mafunde "ogwira ntchito" mkati mwake..

Pakalipano, ndi ochepa kwambiri omwe amangidwa. Prototypes ya EmDrive yokhala ndi mphamvu yokoka ya dongosolo la ma micronews. Bungwe lalikulu lofufuza, Xi'an Northwest Polytechnic University ku China, layesa injini yachitsanzo yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 720 µN (micronewtons). Zitha kukhala zosachuluka, koma ma ion thrust omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakuthambo sapanga zambiri.

4. EmDrive mayeso 2014.

Mtundu wa EmDrive woyesedwa ndi NASA (4) ndi ntchito ya wojambula waku America Guido Fetti. Kuyesa kwa vacuum kwa pendulum kwatsimikizira kuti imakwaniritsa 30-50 µN. The Eagleworks Laboratory, yomwe ili ku Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center ku Houston, adatsimikizira ntchito yake m'malo opanda kanthu. Akatswiri a NASA amafotokoza momwe injini imagwirira ntchito motengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu, kapena m'malo mwake, polumikizana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu ndi antimatter zomwe zimatuluka ndikuwonongana mu vacuum ya quantum.

Kwa nthawi yayitali, Achimerika sanafune kuvomereza mwalamulo kuti adawona zomwe EmDrive adachita, powopa kuti mtengo wocheperako ukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha zolakwika zoyezera. Choncho, njira zoyezera zidasinthidwa ndipo kuyesako kunabwerezedwa. Pambuyo pa zonsezi, NASA inatsimikizira zotsatira za phunzirolo.

Komabe, monga momwe International Business Times inanenera mu March 2016, mmodzi wa ogwira ntchito ku NASA omwe adagwira nawo ntchitoyi adanena kuti bungweli likukonzekera kubwereza kuyesa konse ndi gulu losiyana. Izi zidzamulola kuti ayese potsiriza yankho lake asanasankhe kuyikamo ndalama zambiri.