Masamu a makina atsopano? Zowoneka bwino komanso zopanda thandizo
Malinga ndi akatswiri ena, makina amatha kupanga kapena, ngati mukufuna, kupeza masamu atsopano omwe anthufe sitinawaonepo kapena kuwaganizirapo. Ena amatsutsa kuti makina sapanga kalikonse paokha, amatha kungoimira ma formula omwe timawadziwa mwanjira ina, ndipo sangathe kuthana ndi mavuto a masamu nkomwe.
Posachedwapa, gulu la asayansi ochokera ku Technion Institute ku Israel ndi Google adapereka makina opangira ma theoremsamene anawatcha makina a Ramanujan potengera katswiri wa masamu Srinivasi Ramanujanaomwe adapanga masauzande ambiri a nthano zachiwerengero popanda maphunziro apamwamba kapena osaphunzira. Dongosolo lopangidwa ndi ochita kafukufuku linasintha zingapo zoyambira komanso zofunikira kukhala zokhazikika zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zimawoneka mu masamu. Pepala pankhaniyi lasindikizidwa m'magazini ya Nature.
Chimodzi mwamakina opangidwa ndi makina chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwerengera mtengo wanthawi zonse wotchedwa Nambala ya Chikatalani, yothandiza kwambiri kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodziŵika kale zopezedwa ndi anthu. Komabe, asayansi amanena zimenezo Galimoto ya Ramanujan sikutanthauza kuchotsera anthu masamu, koma kupereka thandizo kwa akatswiri a masamu. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti dongosolo lawo liribe chikhumbo. Pamene akulemba, Machine "amayesa kutsanzira masamu intuition akatswiri aakulu masamu ndi kupereka malangizo kwa mafunso zina masamu."
Dongosololi limapanga malingaliro okhudzana ndi zosinthika zapadziko lonse lapansi (monga) zolembedwa ngati njira zokongola zotchedwa tizigawo topitilira kapena tizigawo topitilira (1). Ili ndilo dzina la njira yofotokozera nambala yeniyeni monga kachigawo kakang'ono m'mawonekedwe apadera kapena malire a magawo oterowo. Gawo lopitilira litha kukhala lomaliza kapena kukhala ndi ma quotients ambiri.i/bi; gawo Ak/Bk zopezedwa potaya tizigawo tating'ono mu gawo lomwe likupitilira, kuyambira pa (k + 1)th, limatchedwa kth reduct ndipo limatha kuwerengedwa motsatira njira:-1= 1, A0=b0, Mu-1=0, V0= 1, Ak=bkAk-1+akAk-2, Muk=bkBk-1+akBk-2; ngati kutsatizana kwa reducts kutembenukira ku malire omalizira, ndiye kuti gawo lopitilira limatchedwa convergent, mwinamwake ndilosiyana; Gawo lopitilira limatchedwa masamu ngatii= 1, p0 kumaliza, bi (i> 0) - zachilengedwe; masamu anapitiriza kagawo converges; nambala yeniyeni iliyonse imakula kufika ku kagawo kakang'ono ka masamu, kamene kali ndi malire pa manambala omveka.
1. Chitsanzo cholemba Pi ngati gawo lopitilira
Ramanujan makina algorithm amasankha zosinthasintha zapadziko lonse kumanzere ndi tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta kumanja, ndiyeno amawerengera mbali iliyonse padera ndi kulondola kwina. Ngati mbali zonse ziwiri zikuwoneka kuti zikupsompsonana, kuchuluka kwake kumawerengedwa molondola kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti masewerawo sakufanana kapena osalondola. Chofunika kwambiri, pali kale mafomu omwe amakulolani kuti muwerenge mtengo wa zosinthika zapadziko lonse, mwachitsanzo, ndi kulondola kulikonse, kotero chopinga chokha pakuwona kufanana kwa tsamba ndi nthawi yowerengera.
Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoterezi, akatswiri a masamu ankayenera kugwiritsa ntchito yomwe inalipo kale. chidziwitso cha masamu i theoremskupanga lingaliro lotero. Chifukwa cha zongopeka zokha zopangidwa ndi ma aligorivimu, akatswiri a masamu amatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito kupanganso malingaliro obisika kapena zotsatira "zabwino kwambiri".
Kupeza kodziwika bwino kwa ofufuza sikungodziwa zambiri zatsopano monga lingaliro latsopano lofunikira modabwitsa. Izi zimalola kuwerengera kwa Catalan mosalekeza, chokhazikika cha chilengedwe chonse chomwe mtengo wake umafunikira m'mavuto ambiri a masamu. Kufotokoza ngati kachigawo kopitilira mu lingaliro lomwe langopezedwa kumene kumapangitsa kuwerengera kwachangu kwambiri mpaka pano, kugonjetsera mafomu akale omwe adatenga nthawi yayitali kuti apangidwe pakompyuta. Izi zikuwoneka ngati zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yamakompyuta kuyambira pomwe makompyuta amamenya osewera a chess.
Zomwe AI sindingathe kuchita
Ma algorithms a makina Monga mukuonera, amachita zinthu zina mwanzeru komanso mogwira mtima. Pokumana ndi mavuto ena, iwo alibe chochita. Gulu la ofufuza ku yunivesite ya Waterloo ku Canada adapeza gulu lamavuto pogwiritsa ntchito makina kuphunzira. Zomwe anapezazi zikugwirizana ndi zododometsa zomwe zinafotokozedwa chapakati pa zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi katswiri wa masamu wa ku Austria Kurt Gödel.
Katswiri wa masamu Shai Ben-David ndi gulu lake anapereka chitsanzo chophunzirira makina chotchedwa maximum prediction (EMX) m'magazini ya Nature. Zingawoneke kuti ntchito yosavuta idakhala yosatheka kwa luntha lochita kupanga. Vuto lobwera ndi timuyi Shay Ben-David zimafika pakulosera za kampeni yotsatsa yopindulitsa kwambiri, yolunjika pa owerenga omwe amayendera tsamba pafupipafupi. Kuchuluka kwa zotheka ndikwambiri kotero kuti neural network silingathe kupeza ntchito yomwe idzalosere molondola khalidwe la ogwiritsa ntchito webusaitiyi, kukhala ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe za deta zomwe zilipo.
Zinapezeka kuti mavuto ena opangidwa ndi neural network ndi ofanana ndi continuum hypothesis yopangidwa ndi Georg Cantor. Katswiri wa masamu wa ku Germany anatsimikizira kuti makadi a chiwerengero cha manambala achilengedwe ndi ocheperapo kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha manambala enieni. Kenako anafunsa funso lomwe analephera kuliyankha. Mwakutero, adadzifunsa ngati pali chopanda malire chomwe makhadi ake ndi ocheperako manambala enienikoma mphamvu zambiri manambala achilengedwe.
Katswiri wa masamu waku Austria wazaka za zana la XNUMX. Kurt Godel adatsimikizira kuti lingaliro lopitilira muyeso silingadziwike pamasamu apano. Tsopano zidapezeka kuti akatswiri a masamu opanga ma neural network adakumananso ndi vuto lomweli.
Chotero, ngakhale kuti ndi yosaoneka kwa ife, monga momwe tikuonera, ilibe chochita poyang’anizana ndi zolephera zazikulu. Asayansi amadabwa ngati ndi mavuto a kalasi iyi, monga wopandamalire seti, mwachitsanzo.
