Zovala zamagetsi

Kuvala zamagetsi kudayamba m'zaka za zana la XNUMX ngati mphete zaukwati zaku China zokhala ndi ma abacuses.

Zaka za zana la XNUMX Mphete zaukwati za Abacus za ku China (1) zinkathandiza ovala kuwerengera kalekale asanatulukire makina oŵerengera. 

1. Chinese mini counter

1907 Woyambitsa waku Germany Juliusz Neubronner adapanga kholo la kamera ya GoPro. Kuti ajambule chithunzi cha m’mlengalenga, amaika kamera yaing’ono yokhala ndi chowerengera nthawi pa nkhundazo (2).

1947 Bell Telephone Laboratories imapanga mtundu woyamba wogwira ntchito wa transistor. Inamangidwa ndi John Bardeen ndi Walter Houser Brattain.

1952 Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba pamalonda kwa transistor mu chipangizo chovala chinali chothandizira kumva cha Zenith. Chipangizocho chinali ndi ma transistors atatu a Raytheon germanium.

3. Regency TR 1 chipangizo, Texas Instruments kampani

1954 Wailesi yoyamba yaying'ono komanso yosunthika ya transistor inali Regency TR 1 yolembedwa ndi Texas Instruments (3).

1958-1959 Jack Kilby adamanga gawo loyamba lophatikizika, lomwe adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel mu Fizikisi mu 2000. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, Robert Noyce anali kuthetsa vuto lolumikizana m'mabwalo ophatikizika-amakhulupirira kuti lingaliro la gawo lophatikizika linabwera kwa iye mopanda Kilby, koma adalimanga patatha miyezi ingapo. Noyce anali m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa Fairchild Semiconductor ndi Intel.

1960 Choyamba "chovala" m'lingaliro lamakono la mawuwa chinali kompyuta yonyamula yopangidwa ndi masamu Edward O. Thorpe ndi Claude Shannon. Abisa mu nsapato zawo chipangizo choyezera nthawi (4), chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera molondola kumene mpira ukugwera pamasewera a roulette. Nambala yowerengedwerayi idadziwitsidwa kwa wosewerayo kudzera pamafunde a wailesi.

4. Laputopu ya Edward O. Thorpe ndi Claude Shannon, yoikidwa mu nsapato.

Ndichipambano chachikulu - Thorp adawonjezera zopambana zake za kasino ndi 44%! Pambuyo pake, asayansi otsatirawa anayesa kupanga zida zolondola kwambiri zamtunduwu. Izi zinayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa mu 1985 ku Nevada, lomwe ndi likulu la juga la Las Vegas, lamulo loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoterezi.

1961 Kukhazikitsa kwa serial kupanga ma dijiti ophatikizika a digito.

1971 Clive Sinclair wapeza kutchuka ndi chuma mwa kugulitsa zowerengera zotsika mtengo zapagulu. Msika waku Britain umalamulira mwachangu, ndikutumizanso kunja kochulukira.

1972 Kampani ya Hamilton Watch imapanga wotchi yoyamba yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi, Pulsar P1 Limited Edition (5).

5. Kusindikiza kochepa Pulsar P1

1975 Wotchi yoyamba yowerengera ya Pulsar ifika pamsika. Chakhala chida chodziwika bwino kwa okonda ukadaulo ndi sayansi. Mawotchi oyambilira a “anzeru” ameneŵa anafika pachimake chapakati pa zaka za m’ma 80, ndipo ngakhale kuti kutchuka kwawo kunachepa pambuyo pake, makampani ambiri amapangabe zitsanzo za zoŵerengera.

1977 Anapanga dongosolo loyamba lonyamulika la akhungu. Woyambitsa amene amadziwika kuti K.S. Collins, amapanga kamera yokhala ndi mutu yomwe imasintha chithunzicho kukhala 1024-inch square 10-dot sensor array yovala chovala chovala.

1979 imapanga chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zachitukuko chamakono - chosewerera makaseti a Walkman. Chitsanzocho chinapangidwa ndi Akio Morita, Masaru Ibuka, ndi Kozo Ohsone, ndipo chinthu chake chofunikira chinali njira yosinthira yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu yosalala koma yotakata ndi magnesiamu, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zitheke kulemera kwa chipangizocho, miyeso yaying'ono, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo mphamvu zazikulu ndi zolimba (6).

6. Sony Walkman Professional WM-D6C

Chipangizochi chinalandiridwa modabwitsa padziko lonse lapansi m'zaka za m'ma 80, pafupifupi kuchotsa mitundu yakale ya makaseti ojambulira kuchokera kumsika. Mapangidwe apachiyambi apangidwanso m'matembenuzidwe zikwizikwi ndi opanga ena, ndipo dzina loti "wosewera" lakhala lofanana ndi kasewero kakang'ono ka kaseti. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80, ngakhale nyimbo inalembedwa za iye - "Wired for Sound" ndi Cliff Richard.

Zaka za m'ma 80. Kupanga kochuluka kwa ma microprocessors kwapangitsa kuyesa kosiyanasiyana pankhani yamagetsi ovala. Kwa omwe adatsogolera njira zingapo - incl. Magalasi a Google Glass - Steve Mann, wofufuza ndi woyambitsa katswiri wojambula zithunzi za digito, akudutsa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 80 adayambitsa ntchito yake ya EyeTap (7). ntchito zake ndiye ankawoneka m'malo zosalongosoka - ena wolemba anadziona ngati njinga yamoto ndi TV pamutu pake. Komabe, Mann ankafuna kupanga makina omwe angajambule zomwe wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adawona ndi maso awo, pomwe amawalola kuti aziwona popanda kamera.

7. Steve Mann ndi zomwe adapanga

Pakati pa 80s (kanema) akukhala wamba. Wokonda njinga zamapiri a Mark Schulze adapanga chipewa choyamba chodziwika bwino pophatikiza camcorder ndi VCR yonyamula. Zinali zovuta komanso zolemetsa, koma mosakayikira isanakwane nthawi yake malinga ndi lingaliro.

1987 Kupangidwa kwa zida zothandizira kumva za digito. Mosiyana ndi matembenuzidwe akale, makompyuta ang'onoang'onowa amatha kukonzedwa kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa ndi moyo wa wogwiritsa ntchito. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, apeza zinthu zatsopano, monga kutha kudzisintha kukhala malo osiyanasiyana, monga malo odyera aphokoso, ndi kuthetsa phokoso lakumbuyo.

Zaka za m'ma 90. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma laputopu, zida zoyamba kuvala zimalowa pamsika. Chitsanzo chodziwika kwambiri cha nthawiyi chinali Reflection Technology's Private Eye (8), chiwonetsero chokwera pamutu chofanana kwambiri ndi chomwe chidzakhala Google Glass.

8. Chipangizo cha wofufuza payekha

Inventor Doug Platt adasinthiratu chiwonetserochi kuti chiziyenda pakompyuta ya DOS, ndikupanga imodzi mwamakompyuta oyamba kuvala padziko lapansi. Ophunzira a ku Columbia University adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Platt kupanga yankho loyamba lodziwika bwino la "augmented real". Zomwe zidapangidwa zonsezi zinali mapulojekiti ofufuza omwe sanachoke ku yunivesite, koma adalimbikitsa opanga zatsopano zamagetsi zamagetsi.

1994 Anapanga "kompyuta yam'manja" yoyamba yopangidwa ndi Edgar Matias ndi Mike Ruicci aku yunivesite ya Toronto, komanso chipangizo cha Mike Lamming ndi Mike Flynn cha "Forget-Me-Not" ku Xerox EuroPARC, chomwe chimalemba ndikusunga kuyanjana ndi anthu ndi zipangizo. m'nkhokwe zofunsira zotsatila.

1994 DARPA imayambitsa pulogalamu ya Smart Modules, yomwe cholinga chake ndi kupeza njira yabwino yopezera ma laputopu ndi zida zamagetsi zovala. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, bungweli likukonzekera semina ya "Ovala Zovala mu 2005", kusonkhanitsa owona masomphenya ochokera m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuti apeze mayankho abwino pamodzi. Mwinamwake dzina la zokambiranazi linali loyamba kugwiritsa ntchito dzina loti "kuvala" muzochitika zamakono.

DARPA yalengeza, mwa zina, kupangidwa kwa magolovesi a digito omwe amatha kuwerenga ma tag a RFID, ma brooches omvera chisoni, ndi makamera a TV. Komabe, chidwi chatsopano pazida zovala zidazimiririka pambuyo pazaka zingapo chifukwa cha mafashoni amafoni am'manja.

2000 Chomverera m'makutu choyamba chikuwoneka.

2001 Mtundu woyamba woyimba nyimbo umabadwa.

2002 Monga gawo la Project Cyborg, Kevin Warwick amakakamiza mkazi wake kuvala mkanda womwe walumikizidwa pakompyuta ndi dongosolo lake lamanjenje kudzera pamagetsi opangidwa ndi electrode. Mtundu wa mkanda unasintha malinga ndi zizindikiro zochokera ku mitsempha ya Kevin.

2003 Garmin Forerunner ikuwoneka - wotchi yoyamba m'njira zamakono yomwe imatsata zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito wachita pamasewera. Imatsatiridwa ndi zida zina monga Nike + iPod Fitness Tracking Device, Fitbit ndi Jawbone.

2004 Molimbikitsidwa ndi kusefukira ku Australia, Nick Woodman aganiza zopanga kamera yaying'ono, yolimba yomwe imatenga zithunzi zingapo za zomwe adachita. Mtundu woyamba wa GoPro (9) udafika pamsika mu 2004.

2010 Oculus VR imabweretsa chiwonetsero choyamba cha Oculus Rift, magalasi owonera zenizeni zenizeni. Adapangidwa chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa kwa $ 2 pa tsamba la Kickstarter crowdfunding. Mtundu wa ogula wa Oculus Rift CV437 udatulutsidwa pa Marichi 429, 1.

2011 Google ikupanga mtundu woyamba wa chipangizo chomwe tsopano chimatchedwa Google Glass (10). Tekinoloje iyi idakhazikitsidwa ndi kafukufuku wazowonetsa zankhondo kuyambira 1995. Mu Epulo 2013, Google Glass ndi gawo la gulu la ogwiritsa ntchito Glass Explorers omwe adafunsidwa kuyesa lingalirolo. Mu Meyi 2014, zida zidayamba kugulitsidwa ndi mtengo woyambira $1500. Miyezi ingapo pambuyo pake, kampaniyo inasiya kugulitsa Google Glass Explorer, makamaka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mapulogalamu othandizira. Komabe, mu Julayi 2017, kubweza kwa chipangizocho mu mtundu wabizinesi wa Enterprise kudalengezedwa.

2012 Wotchi yoyamba yanzeru pakutanthauzira kwamasiku ano ndi Pebble (11). Kampeni yopezera ndalama za Kickstarter ya smartwatch yakweza $10,2 miliyoni. Pebble idadzetsa chidwi kwa ogula ndiukadaulo wovala, zomwe zidatsegulira njira mawotchi amakono a Apple ndi Android.

September 2013 Intel ikupanga purosesa yamphamvu kwambiri ya Quark yopangidwira m'badwo wotsatira wa zida - zovala, zodzikongoletsera, ndi zovala - zomwe zimatchedwanso ultra-mobile. Pankhaniyi, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi miyeso yaying'ono ndizofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuchita bwino.

April 2014 Google imapereka nsanja yamagetsi ovala, mpaka pano makamaka otchedwa mawotchi anzeru otchedwa Android Wear. Uwu ndi mtundu wosinthidwa wamakina odziwika kwambiri pazida zam'manja. Mawonekedwewa amachokera pa "wothandizira" wam'manja - pulogalamu ya Google Now, yomwe imapereka zidziwitso kuchokera ku pulogalamuyi ndi zidziwitso zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito angafunikire pakadali pano (mwachitsanzo, zolosera zanyengo). Pofuna kulimbikitsa dongosolo latsopanoli, injini yofufuzira mogul yagwirizana ndi opanga zamagetsi ambiri, kuphatikizapo Asus, Broadcom, Fossil, HTC, Intel, LG, MediaTek, MIPS, Motorola, Qualcomm ndi Samsung.

January 2015 Choyamba cha HoloLens (12), Microsoft augmented real magalasi. Kuphatikiza pa chipangizocho chokha, kuthekera kwa nsanja ya Windows Holographic kunaperekedwanso. Mtima wa chipangizochi ndi purosesa ya quad-core 64-bit Intel Atom x5-Z8100 yokhala ndi liwiro la wotchi ya 1,04 GHz, ndipo chithandizo chazithunzi chimaperekedwa ndi chipangizo cha Intel chopangidwa mwapadera chotchedwa HPU (Holographics Processing Unit). Makamera awiri adayikidwa mu magalasi - 2,4 MP (2048 × 1152) ndi 1,1 MP (1408 × 792, 30 FPS), komanso ma modules a Wi-Fi 802.11ac ndi Bluetooth 4.1. Mphamvu imaperekedwa ndi batire ya 16 mAh.

12. Magalasi a HoloLens - mawonedwe

April 2015 Apple Watch ikulowa mumsika womwe ukuyendetsa makina ogwiritsira ntchito watchOS, omwe amachokera ku iOS yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu iPhone, iPod ndi iPad. Zimalola, mwa zina, kuwonetsa mauthenga ochokera pafoni, kuyankha mafoni obwera, kulamulira nyimbo kapena kamera. Mu App Store, mutha kupeza mapulogalamu otsitsa a Apple Watch omwe amawongolera magwiridwe antchito ake. Ndi n'zogwirizana ndi iPhones kuchokera iPhone 5 ndi pamwamba ndi mapulogalamu pamwamba iOS 8, amene zikugwirizana kudzera kapena Bluetooth.

Mitundu ina yamagetsi ovala

Smartwatch

Dzinali limatanthauzidwa ngati chipangizo chamagetsi chamtundu wamtundu wa touch screen, kukula kwa wristwatch, chomwe chimagwira ntchito zonse za wotchi yamagetsi yachikhalidwe komanso ntchito zina za foni yamakono, monga kuwonetsa mauthenga ochokera pafoni, kuyankha mafoni. , kapena kuwongolera foni. wosewera nyimbo, komanso ntchito zina, monga kuyeza kugunda kwa mtima kapena kuchuluka kwa masitepe omwe atengedwa. Nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito pa Android Wear, iOS kapena Tizen.

Zida zamtunduwu zimatha kukhala ndi mapulogalamu monga: kamera, accelerometer, siginecha yakugwedezeka, thermometer, kugunda kwamtima, altimeter, barometer, kampasi, chronograph, chowerengera, foni yam'manja, GPS, MP3 player ndi ena. Opanga amaikanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mauthenga opanda zingwe mwa iwo, monga Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC ndi IrDA. Pebble ndiye adatsogolera mawotchi amakono amakono. Pakadali pano, wosewera wamkulu pamsikawu ndi Samsung yokhala ndi zida zake za Gear ndi AppleWatch.

Magalasi anzeru

Magalasi anzeru amavalidwa ngati magalasi wamba, ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati chiwonetsero chomwe zidziwitso zowonjezera zimawonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowonjezera - mwachitsanzo, mamapu okhala ndi mayendedwe oyendetsa, zolosera zanyengo, zambiri za zokopa. Magalasi anzeru odziwika bwino ndi Google Glass, ngakhale otsika mtengo opikisana nawo monga GlassUp, EmoPulse, ION Smart Glasses, Samsung Smart Glass, ndi Vuzix M100 atuluka. Ena amafuna kulumikiza ndi foni yanu, koma ambiri amatha kugwira ntchito okha.

Fitness trackers

Awa ndi mawu wamba. Zofala kwambiri ndi zomwe zimatchedwa zibangili zophunzitsira zamanja. Komabe, tikulankhula za mtundu uliwonse wa chipangizo chomwe chimayesa magawo azaumoyo - mwachitsanzo, pachifuwa, bondo kapena khosi - ndikuwunika thupi la wogwiritsa ntchito.

Mitundu yambiri imayesa kugunda kwa mtima, koma ena amalembanso masitepe, ma reps, kupuma kapena ma calories otenthedwa. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Nike Fitband, Fitbit, iHealth ndi Jawbone. Zidazi zimathandiza kukonza zolimbitsa thupi za wogwiritsa ntchito, kukwaniritsa zolinga zochepetsera thupi, ndikuyerekeza momwe amachitira masewera.

Zolimbitsa thupi komanso zowunikira thanzi

zovala zanzeru

amapangidwa m'malo ambiri kafukufuku m'mayunivesite ndi ma laboratories mafakitale. Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, zovala zoterezi ziyenera kugwira ntchito za foni yam'manja, kompyuta ndi zida zowunikira zomwe zimayang'ana thanzi la munthu amene wavala. Mwachitsanzo, imathanso kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi.

T-shirts kapena ma sweatshirts (monga momwe Google adapangira) ali ndi masensa omwe amasanthula magwiridwe antchito a chiwalo, kupuma komanso kuwunika kuchuluka kwa mapapo. Amayesanso masitepe athu, kuthamanga kwa gait ndi mphamvu, ndi zina. Zambiri zimatumizidwa kudzera mu gawo lapadera ku pulogalamu yam'manja ya foni yam'manja ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Momwemonso ndi nsapato.

Zomverera zomangidwa mu nsapato ziyenera kutsatira njira iliyonse yomwe wothamanga atenga ndikuyilemba munjira yapadera. Pulogalamu yofananira ndiye imasanthula deta: kuthamanga, mphamvu yomwe phazi limayikidwa, ndi zolemetsa zosiyanasiyana. Chidziwitsochi chimaperekedwa ku foni yamakono ndipo mapulogalamuwa amapereka malangizo kwa wothamanga kuti amuthandize kusintha kalembedwe kake kakuthamanga.

Kuvala zamagetsi - osati ndi anthu

Kuchulukirachulukira kutchuka ndizomwe zidapangidwira makamaka ... ziweto, kuphatikiza nyama zakutchire, ngakhale zakuthengo. Zina mwa izo ndi makolala a GPS, zolondolera zochitika, zida zomwe zimatsata kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma, ndi zina. Nyama zakuthengo zokhala ndi masensa ndi ma transmitters, ngakhalenso makamera, zingathandize akatswiri azachilengedwe kuti azifufuza za chilengedwe chawo popereka deta yochokera kumadera kumene zikukhala.

Chibwano ndi mluzu