Kuchuluka kwa mafuta owononga
Zamkatimu
Chifukwa chiyani mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinyalala?
Ngakhale mu injini yogwira ntchito mokwanira, popanda kutuluka kunja, mlingo wa mafuta umatsika pang'onopang'ono. Kwa injini zatsopano, kutsika kwa mulingo nthawi zambiri kumakhala mamilimita ochepa (monga momwe kuyeza ndi dipstick) ndipo nthawi zina kumawoneka ngati kusakhalapo kwathunthu kwamafuta amafuta mu injini. Koma masiku ano m'chilengedwe mulibe injini zomwe sizingawononge mafuta konse. Ndipo pansipa tidzakuuzani chifukwa chake.
Choyamba, njira yomwe mafuta amagwirira ntchito pawiri ya ring-cylinder friction imatanthawuza kuyaka kwake pang'ono. Pa makoma a masilindala a magalimoto ambiri, chotchedwa khoncho chimayikidwa - kachipangizo kakang'ono kopangidwa kuti titseke mafuta pagawo lolumikizana. Ndipo mphete zowotcha mafuta, zachidziwikire, sizitha kupeza mafuta awa kuchokera pamakona a silinda. Chifukwa chake, mafuta otsalira pamtunda amawotchedwa pang'ono ndi mafuta oyaka panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kachiwiri, ngakhale m'ma motors momwe, malinga ndi ukadaulo, masilindala amapukutidwa pafupifupi pagalasi, kupezeka kwa microrelief pamalo ogwirira ntchito sikuchotsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale mphete zopangira mafuta zoganizira kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima sizitha kuchotseratu mafutawo pamakoma a silinda, ndipo zimayaka mwachilengedwe.
Kuchuluka kwa mafuta owononga zinyalala kumatsimikiziridwa ndi automaker ndipo pafupifupi nthawi zonse amasonyezedwa mu malangizo a galimoto. Chiwerengero chomwe wopanga amati nthawi zambiri chimawonetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta ovomerezeka a injini. Pambuyo podutsa malire omwe wopanga makinawo akuwonetsa, injiniyo iyenera kuzindikiridwa, chifukwa ndi mwayi waukulu kuti mphete ndi ma valve tsinde zatha kale ndipo ziyenera kusinthidwa.
Kwa injini zina, kuchuluka kwa mafuta owononga, titero kunena kwake, kumakhala kosayenera. Mwachitsanzo, pa injini ya M54 ya BMW magalimoto amaonedwa kuti ndi 700 ml pa 1000 Km. Ndiko kuti, ndi kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwamafuta, padzakhala kofunikira kuwonjezera zamafuta omwewo pakati pa zosintha zomwe zili mugalimoto.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pakuwononga injini ya dizilo: kuwerengera
Ma injini a dizilo, mosiyana ndi ma injini a petulo, akhala akuchulukirachulukira pakugwiritsa ntchito mafuta munthawi zonse zamagalimoto. Mfundoyi ili mwatsatanetsatane wa ntchitoyo: chiŵerengero cha kuponderezana ndipo, kawirikawiri, mphamvu yamagetsi pazigawo za crankshaft ya injini za dizilo ndizokwera.
Nthawi zambiri, oyendetsa sadziwa momwe angawerengere pawokha mafuta omwe amadyedwa ndi injini kuti awononge. Mpaka pano, njira zingapo zimadziwika.
Yoyamba ndi yosavuta ndiyo njira yowonjezera. Poyamba, pakukonza kwina, muyenera kudzaza mafuta mosamalitsa molingana ndi chizindikiro chakumtunda kwa dipstick. Pambuyo pa 1000 km, pang'onopang'ono onjezani mafuta kuchokera mumtsuko wa lita mpaka mulingo womwewo utafika. Kuchokera ku zotsalira zomwe zili mu canister, mukhoza kumvetsa kuchuluka kwa galimoto yomwe inadya mafuta otayika. Miyezo yowongolera iyenera kupangidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yomweyi yomwe inali panthawi yokonza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mulingo wamafuta udawunikidwa pa injini yotentha, ndiye kuti mutatha kuwonjezera izi ziyenera kuchitika pamikhalidwe yomweyi. Kupanda kutero, zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa zitha kusiyana kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta enieni a injini.
Njira yachiwiri idzapereka zotsatira zolondola kwambiri. Kukhetsa kwathunthu mafuta mu crankcase pokonza. Thirani mwatsopano pamwamba pa dipstick ndikuwona kuchuluka kwatsala mu canister. Mwachitsanzo, timatsanulira zotsalira mu chidebe choyezera kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola, koma mukhoza kuyendanso ndi sikelo yoyezera pa canister. Timachotsa zotsalira kuchokera ku voliyumu yodziwika bwino ya canister - timapeza kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amatsanuliridwa mu injini. Poyendetsa galimoto, makilomita oposa 15 (kapena mtunda wina woyendetsedwa ndi automaker), onjezerani mafuta pa chizindikiro ndikuwerengera. Ndikwabwino kungowonjezera zitini za lita. Kawirikawiri kusiyana pakati pa zizindikiro pa dipstick ndi pafupifupi lita. Pambuyo pakukonza kotsatira, timakhetsa mafutawo mu crankcase ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwake. Timachotsa kuchuluka kwa migodi yowonongeka kuchokera ku mafuta odzaza poyamba. Pamtengo wotsatira, timawonjezera voliyumu yonse yamafuta omwe adadzazidwa ndi ma kilomita 15. Gawani mtengo wotsatira ndi 15. Izi zidzakhala kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amawotcha pamtunda wa makilomita 1000 m'galimoto yanu. Ubwino wa njirayi ndi chitsanzo chachikulu, chomwe chimachotsa zolakwika zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimakhala zoyezera pamayendedwe otsika.
Kenako timangoyerekeza mtengo womwe wapezeka ndi data ya pasipoti. Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito zinyalala kuli mkati mwachizoloŵezi - timapita patsogolo ndipo musadandaule. Ngati ipitilira pasipoti, ndikofunikira kuchita zowunikira ndikupeza zomwe zimayambitsa "zhora" yamafuta.
