Yesani Nissan GT-R: mbiri yakale yopatsirana pawiri

Nissan GT-R's all-wheel drive system ndi luso laukadaulo

Skyline GT-R ndi dzina lodziwika bwino m'mbiri ya Nissan, koma udali m'badwo wa R32 womwe unathandizira kwambiri kuti mtunduwo ukhale wodabwitsa kwambiri. Mibadwo yotsatira ya R33 ndi R34 idachipanga ndikuchipanga kukhala chithunzi pakati pa okonda magalimoto amasewera chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, kukhazikika kwapadera kwamisewu komanso kudalirika. Koma kukakamizidwa pa chithunzicho ndi kwakukulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake okonza Nissan atayamba kupanga Skyline GT-R yaposachedwa, zaka zingapo zazaka chikwi zatsopano, adatsutsidwa kuti apange china chake chapadera ngati mayendedwe apamsewu. Zoonadi, zitsanzo zam'mbuyomu zasiya chizindikiro chosasinthika, ndipo sichinasinthidwe kwa iwo, kupatsirana kwapawiri mwa kulingalira kumakhalabe chatsopano. Koma nthawi ino ntchitoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa magudumu onse, galimoto yokhala ndi kulemera kwabwino iyenera kupangidwa, ndipo dzina lake lidzachepetsedwa kukhala GT-R yokha. Zosavuta, zomveka komanso zokhutiritsa kwambiri.

Mofanana ndi oyambirira ake, makina oyendetsa magudumu onse adzatchedwa ATTESA (Advanced Total Traction Engineerig System ya All Terrain). Mafotokozedwe aukadaulo wofananira womwe wakonzedwa pazaka zambiri umalimbikitsa Skyline GT-R yapitayi, koma mu GT-R itenganso gawo lina.

Ukadaulo wapamwamba mmbuyo mu 1989

Fomu yoyamba yamakina ATTESA idapangidwira magalimoto opingasa oyendetsa ndipo idayambitsidwa ku Bluebird pamsika waku Japan ku 1987. Njira yofananira pambuyo pake idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu GT-R Pulsar, m'badwo wotsatira Bluebird (HNU13) ndi Primera. Mtundu wapachiyambi udagwiritsa ntchito masanjidwe otsekedwa ndi viscometer, koma kenako udasinthidwa ndikulumikiza kwachindunji kwa bevel ndi viscometer kumbuyo kwazitsulo.

Komabe, chosangalatsa kwambiri pazolinga za nkhani yathu ndi mitundu ya ATTESA E-TS (Electronic Torque Split) yamagalimoto amasewera a Nissan okhala ndi mawonekedwe azitali ndi injini kutsogolo. Idagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu Nissan Skyline GT-R ndi Skyline GTS4. Ndi dongosolo lino lomwe limapangitsa m'badwo wa R32 Skyline GT-R kukhala imodzi mwamagalimoto akulu kwambiri munthawiyo. Chifukwa Porsche Mu PSK ya 959, opanga Nissan amagwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira chamagetsi chazida zambiri zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi mpope wama hydraulic ndikuwongolera makokedwe ena kutsogolo kwa chitsulo chakutsogolo.

Ili ndi yankho lotsogola kwambiri munthawi yake, chifukwa palibe kampani yomwe panthawiyo inkapereka mbale zokwanira monga BorgWarner kapena Haldex. Momwemonso, chitsulo choyendetsa kumbuyo chimayendetsedwa ndi makokedwe omwe amapita kwa iyo kumbuyo kwa kachilomboka kudzera mu shaft yoyendetsa. Kufala kuli ndi kufalikira kophatikizika ndi cholumikizira chophatikizika, pomwe makokedwewo amapatsira chitsulo chakumaso chogwiritsa ntchito PTO shaft ina. Shael shaft imadutsa pa crankcase ndipo ndimalo opangira zotayidwa, ndipo shaft yolondola ndi yayifupi chifukwa kusiyanako kuli kumanja. Njirayi imayang'aniridwa ndi kompyuta ya 16-bit yomwe imayang'anira kayendedwe kagalimoto maulendo 10 pamphindikati.

Makina a Nissan ndiosavuta kuposa a Porsche chifukwa nkhwangazo zimayendetsedwa ndi makina amodzi amadzimadzi ndipo sizimasintha. Ili ndiye njira yodziyimira payokha yomwe imayambitsa kukhazikitsa kwamtundu wamtunduwu ndipo ndiotsika mtengo, wopepuka komanso wophatikizika.

Chosangalatsa apa ndikuti zolumikizira pankhaniyi sizigwira ntchito nthawi zonse, monga machitidwe amakono ambiri. Pazoyendetsa bwino, Skyline GT-R imayendetsa kumbuyo, koma pakathamangitsidwa kwambiri kapena pakadutsa pomwe pakufunika kutambasula, chida cholumikizira chimayatsidwa kuti chizitsogolera torque ina kutsogolo. Kukula ndi mphindi yakutsegulira kumayang'aniridwa ndi kompyuta mutasanthula magawo monga kuthamanga kwa lateral, kuthamanga kwa turbocharger, kupindika kwamphamvu ndi liwiro la gudumu lirilonse, loyesedwa ndi masensa a ABS.

Pomwe Nissan Skyline GT-R sidzitamandira kuti imatha kugawa makokedwe ngati Porsche 959, imakhala pakatikati pa mpikisano pakati pa mitundu yamphamvu yamitundu iwiriyo. Skyline GT-R ndiyotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa 959, koma imagwira bwino ntchito chifukwa choyesedwa mobwerezabwereza ku Nurburgring. Njira yogwiritsira ntchitoyi ilinso ndi mawonekedwe ake abwino, chifukwa imasunga magwiridwe antchito agalimoto osasokoneza mawonekedwe amtundu wamagudumu am'mbuyo ophatikizika ndi magwiridwe antchito apakona. Chifukwa chake, mtunduwo umatha kuphatikiza zabwino zonse ziwiri ndikuyika maziko a chithunzi cha Skyline GT-R. M'malo mwake, Porsche 959 sinalandirepo chiwongola dzanja chotere poyang'anira.

Chosangalatsa ndichinthuchi ndikuwongolera momwe dalaivala amayendetsera galimoto mwamphamvu, kogwirizira chakutsogolo sikadatsegulidwe. Skyline GT-R imadziwikanso ndi kuthekera koyamba pakhomo ngati mtundu wamphamvu wamagudumu kumbuyo. Zomalizazi sizofananira ndi magalimoto okhala ndi ma transmissions awiri.

Mbadwo wotsatira R33 Skyline GT-R udasinthidwa kukhala ATTESA E-TS Pro. Kuphatikiza pa chitsulo chogwirizira cham'mbuyo pali masiyanidwe otsekedwa pakompyuta okhala ndi zida ziwiri, zida zatsopano, zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Mapangidwe omwewo apangidwa mu R34 kuti ifike pachimake pamapangidwe a R35 powertrain.

Mmodzi mwa mtundu - GT-R ndi kufala wapawiri ndi gearbox.

Komabe, monga tanena kale, dzina la ATTESA (Advanced Total Traction Engineerig System for All Terrain) lidawoneka kalekale, monga dongosolo la GT-R yatsopano. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti si iye wokha mwa mtunduwu.

Mu 2004, ataganizira kwambiri, okonzawo adaganiza kuti GT-R yatsopano igwiritse ntchito maulendo asanu ndi limodzi amtundu wapawiri-clutch, sitepe yopita kumalo atsopano chifukwa zitsanzo zam'mbuyomu zinali ndi injini ndi kufalitsa kutsogolo. M'dzina la kutengerako kulemera kumbuyo, injini ya silinda sikisi imachokera ku injini yatsopano ya turbocharged yokhala ndi zomangamanga za V6, ndipo kufalikira kuyenera kukhala pazitsulo zakumbuyo molingana ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kufalitsa ndikukhala mtundu wa DSG. . Kuti achite izi, akatswiri amatembenukira kwa akatswiri a BorgWarner kuti awathandize, omwe nawonso ndi othandizana nawo othandizira kufalitsa Aichi. Cholinga cha Nissan ndikumanga galimoto yomwe imapikisana ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri pamabwalo ngati Nürburgring. Monga tanenera kale, 486 hp wapamwamba coupe. Kuti mukhale olondola pakuwongolera mayendedwe, kulemera kwake kuyenera kukhala 50:50. Kuphatikiza apo, kufalitsa kuyenera kukhala ndi ntchito yosinthira mwachangu. Popeza yankho si ntchito mtundu wina wa kampani, n'zoonekeratu kuti kufala ayenera kupangidwa ndi kuikidwa kokha mu Nissan GT-R. Pachifukwa chomwechi, adasankhidwa kuti akhale amtundu umodzi wokha, monga tanenera kale, ndi zolumikizira ziwiri. Chimene chikuchitika pambuyo pake ndicho chisonyezero chenicheni cha mgwirizano wobala zipatso. Kutumizako kudapangidwa ndi BorgWarner ndikuyikapo kwapadera kuchokera kwa mainjiniya a Nissan ndi Aichi omwe amakhala ku kampani yaukadaulo ya Auburn Hills ku US. Aichi amapanga magiya, pomwe BorgWarner, yemwe ali ndi luso lapadera ndipo adapanga Bugatti Veyron drivetrain, amawongolera mapangidwe ake, masanjidwe, ndi zina zambiri.

M'zaka zoyambirira, kufalitsidwako kudali kumbuyo kwa injini. Komabe, ntchitoyi idalowa gawo lachiwiri pomwe adaganiza kuti kufalitsako kukhale kumbuyo kwakumbuyo. Pachifukwa ichi, makina adapangidwa omwe amayenera kulumikiza kufalikira kwa shaft ya injini, choyikapo mbale zingapo chimayikidwa kumbuyo, kenako makina omwe, pogwiritsa ntchito shaft yoyendetsa, amayenera kutumiza mphamvu ku chitsulo chakutsogolo. Zipangizo ziwiri zotumizira ndi za mtundu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka mapulaneti oyenda, koma zida zotsutsana ndizomwe zimapangidwira zofunikira za GT-R. Makina osinthira amakhalanso achindunji, amapereka yankho lofulumira kwambiri ndipo chilichonse chimayang'aniridwa ndi gawo limodzi lolamulira. Mlandu wapadera wa aluminiyamu udapangidwa, ngakhale wofunitsitsa magnesium yowunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chomaliziracho sichinathe kunyamula katunduyo.

Monga tidanenera, makina oyendetsa magudumu onse amatchedwa ATTESA E-TS (Advanced Total Traction Engineerig System for All Terrain with Electronic Split). Dzinalo "galimoto zamtunda" sayenera kukusokeretsani, chifukwa ndikusintha kwa mayina amachitidwe am'mbuyomu. Amakhala patsogolo kuposa chitsulo chogwira matayala kumbuyo, ndiye kuti, otsirizawa akhoza kulandira kuchokera pa 100 mpaka 50% ya makokedwewo. Izi, ndiye, zikutanthauza kuti makokedwewo amapita kwa iwo ndipo mothandizidwa ndi makina opangidwa mwapadera a GKN, amatha kupita kutsogolo kuchokera ku zero kupita ku 50%.

Makokedwe amatumizidwa kuchokera ku injini kupita ku kachilombo kudzera pa kaboni fiber yolimbitsa polima main shaft (main slow slow). Chiwerengero cha zida chimayendetsedwa ndi zowalamulira zamagetsi zamagetsi zingapo. Pakufulumira, kuchuluka kwa makokedwe kumakhala pafupifupi 50:50, pomwe mukuyendetsa pamsewu, pafupifupi makokedwe onse amalunjika kutsogolo chakumbuyo. Masensa amgalimoto akamazindikira kuti amakonda kutsetsereka kapena kupondereza pansi, makokedwe ambiri amalowetsedwa ndi chitsulo chakumbuyo, pomwe amakhala ndi chizolowezi chopitilira, mpaka 50% yamakokedwewo amalowetsedwa ndi chitsulo chakutsogolo. Masiyanidwe ake ndi otseguka, ndipo kumbuyo (komanso GKN) kuli ndi loko (LSD), komwe kumayendetsedwa pomwe magudumu aliwonse achepetsedwa.

Ngakhale kuti GT-R yasintha kwambiri mzaka zisanu ndi zitatu kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, mphamvu ya sikisi yamphamvu sikisi idakulirakulira pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pa 486 mpaka 570 hp, ndipo makokedwewa adafika ku 637 Nm, kapangidwe kapadera kamphamvu yamagetsi katsalira mpaka pano. pamtima pamakhalidwe osaneneka komanso mikhalidwe yamphamvu ya galimotoyi.

Zolemba: Georgy Kolev