Kuyimitsidwa kwagalimoto paokha: mawonekedwe, mitundu, maubwino
Zamkatimu
Chipangizo chotanuka chimakhazikitsa malo a thupi mothandizidwa ndi akasupe kapena mipiringidzo ya torsion. Mapangidwewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto okhala ndi magudumu akutsogolo. Mikono yotsatira imamangiriridwa ku thupi ndi mbali imodzi, ndi mawilo a galimoto ndi ina.
M'galimoto, kanyumba kakang'ono kamene kamagwira ntchito yotengera kugwedezeka kwa msewu. Kuyimitsidwa paokha kwa galimoto kumapereka kusamalira bwino pa liwiro lalikulu. Koma zovuta za kasupe zimafuna kukonza ndi kukonza zodula.
Kuyimitsidwa pawokha
M'magalimoto amakono, chipangizo chochepetsera kugwedezeka chimagwira ntchito padera pa gudumu lililonse. Galimoto ikugunda chopinga kumbali imodzi, kwenikweni, ilibe mphamvu yaikulu pa thupi. Kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kumagwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kutsitsa kwathunthu kwa kugwedezeka ndi mabampu kuchokera ku zolakwika zamsewu.
Mapangidwe ovuta a chipangizochi ali ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimakhudzidwa nthawi zonse kuti zikhale zokhazikika za thupi la galimoto likuyenda.
Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama pakukonza ndi kukonza kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha. Mtundu uwu wa chipangizo cha masika umasankhidwa chifukwa cha chitonthozo ndi kusamalira bwino galimoto kapena galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto. Chodziwika bwino pa mndandanda wa odziyimira pawokha pamitundu yambiri yamagalimoto okwera ndi chassis yakumbuyo ya mtundu wa MacPherson.
Kuyimitsidwa pawokha
Zomwe zili bwino - kuyimitsidwa kodalira kapena maulalo angapo
Cholinga cha chipangizo chilichonse cha kasupe ndikuteteza thupi la galimoto ku zotsatira zakunja za misewu kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Ulalo wambiri umagwira bwino ntchito iyi - kapangidwe kake zotanuka. Kuyimitsidwa kodalira ndikosavuta komanso kotsika mtengo kuposa kungodziyimira pawokha. Koma m'makina amakono, chipangizochi sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ubwino wa kuyimitsidwa kwa theka-wodziyimira pawokha ndi kulemera kwake kochepa, kusamalira bwino komanso kugwira ntchito chete. Izi zikutanthauza kugwira mwamphamvu ngakhale pa liwiro lalikulu.
Ubwino wa kuyimitsidwa kodalira kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa galimoto kapena galimoto yonyamula anthu ndizosavuta, zokhazikika komanso zodalirika.
Mitundu ya kuyimitsidwa paokha
Malo ndi kugwirizana kwa dongosolo la mndandanda wonse wa zigawo za chipangizo damping zimadalira mtundu wa chassis. Cholinga chachikulu ndikuchepetsa kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka kwa thupi komanso kusunga bata.
Mndandanda wa mitundu ya kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo:
- ma axles;
- longitudinal, oblique ndi double wishbones;
- maulalo ambiri.
Malinga ndi mavoti, ubwino umadziwika mu MacPherson chassis, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayima pazitsulo zam'mbuyo zamtundu wambiri wa magalimoto okwera chifukwa cha chiŵerengero chake chamtengo wapatali. Zoyimitsidwa zonse zodziyimira pawokha zimasiyana chifukwa zimalola gudumu lililonse kuti lichite chopinga padera.
Kuyimitsidwa ndi ma axles ogwedezeka
M'magalimoto akale apanyumba, undercarriage imawonetsetsa kuti mawilo amayenda molunjika pamsewu. Axle yokha ikuwoneka kuti yagawika magawo awiri. Chigawo chilichonse chimalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi ma gudumu. Ntchito ya damper mu chipangizocho imachitidwa ndi zotsekemera zotsekemera ndi masika.
Semi-axes kuchokera mkati amalumikizidwa ndi hinge msonkhano. M'misewu yovuta, njanji ndi camber ya ma discs akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo ali ndi matalikidwe akuluakulu, omwe amachepetsa chitetezo.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa mkono wotsatira
Chipangizo chotanuka chimakhazikitsa malo a thupi mothandizidwa ndi akasupe kapena mipiringidzo ya torsion. Mapangidwewa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto okhala ndi magudumu akutsogolo. Mikono yotsatira imamangiriridwa ku thupi ndi mbali imodzi, ndi mawilo a galimoto ndi ina.
Kuyimitsidwa ndikosavuta kukonza ndi kukonza, koma ndi drawback imodzi: sikumalimbana bwino ndi mpukutu wa thupi mukamakona. Chassis sichikulolani kuti muziyenda mozungulira wheelbase.
Kuyimitsidwa kwa Wishbone
Mu chipangizochi chonyowetsa, mbalizo zimawoneka ngati zili pakona ku gudumu. Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kapangidwe kake kamakhala kokhazikika kwa thupi lagalimoto panthawi yoyendetsa. Ndipo amasunga ngodya yokhazikika ya mawilo mosinthana. Koma kugunda mabampu ndi maenje, kukhazikika kwa galimoto kumachepa.
Kuti achepetse zoyipa za kuyimitsidwa pazitsulo za oblique, mipiringidzo ya torsion ndi akasupe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zotanukazi zimawonjezera kukhazikika kwa makina pamisewu yoyipa.
Kuyimitsidwa pawiri wishbone
Mapangidwewa ali ndi cholumikizira cholimba ku thupi lagalimoto ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lodziyimira pawokha. Izi zimapereka controllability ndi bata wabwino wa galimoto pamsewu.
Zotchingira kutsogolo kodziyimira pawokha kapena kuyimitsidwa kumbuyo zimakhala zopingasa ndipo zimalumikizidwa ndi zothandizira zapilala. Pamawilo akutsogolo, zotsekera zoziziritsa kukhosi zimatha kuzungulira mozungulira mozungulira. Magawo osangalatsa a undercarriage - akasupe, pneumatic ndi hydraulic zida.
Kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yambiri
Mapangidwe awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto apamwamba pama axle yakumbuyo. Magawo ambiri mu chipangizocho amachepetsa kugwedezeka kwamitundumitundu bwino, motero kumawonjezera kukhazikika kwa makina.
Kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yambiri
Mfundo yoyimitsidwa yamagalimoto yama-multi-link ndi njira yodutsa magawo ogwirira ntchito paokha. A mbali ya kasupe kapangidwe ndi bwino kuthamanga yosalala ndi controllability, kutanthauza ntchito chete pamene akuyendetsa galimoto.
Zoipa ndi ubwino wa kuyimitsidwa paokha
Mbali yabwino ya mapangidwe a kasupe ndikutha kusintha chassis yagalimoto kuti ikhalebe yabwino yoyendetsa. Ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti zinthu zotanuka zimapanga kulumikizana kwabwino pamsewu uliwonse.
Mndandanda wa zabwino zazikulu za kuyimitsidwa paokha:
- controllability pakuyenda;
- kuyendetsa bwino kwa makina;
- kuchepetsedwa mpukutu pamene kumangodya;
- malamulo odziimira pa malo a mawilo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo.
Chifukwa chake mndandanda wa zoyipa za kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha:
- zomangamanga zovuta;
- kupanga ndi kukonza chipangizo chokwera mtengo;
- kusungika kochepa chifukwa cha zambiri.
Chifukwa chake, zovuta zamasika nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto okwera mtengo.
Ntchito
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, mapangidwe a kuyimitsidwa paokha ndi ovuta. Node imapangidwa ndi zigawo zambiri. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa malo okhudzana ndi magawo omwe amadalira, kudalirika kwa dongosolo lonse kumachepa. Pachifukwa ichi, maulalo ambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'magalimoto azachuma. Kuyimitsidwa kodziyimira pawokha nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pazitsulo zakumbuyo za crossovers ndi ma SUV-wheel drive.
Phindu la chipangizochi ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukugwira bwino pamsewu komanso kukhazikika kwa makina okhala ndi kutsogolo kapena magudumu onse. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyimitsidwa kwamitundu yambiri pazitsulo ziwiri kungapezeke pa mndandanda wamakono amakono a magalimoto apamwamba.
