Mbiri yakale - Kodi hybrid drive ya Toyota idayamba bwanji?

Takhala tikuyendetsa C-HR muchipinda chofalitsa nkhani kwakanthawi tsopano. Tsiku lililonse timayamikira ubwino wa hybrid drive mu mzinda, koma kwa kanthawi ife tinkadabwa kuti kutali bwanji Hybrid Synergy Drive anapita isanafike chitsanzo atsopano? Ngati mulinso ndi chidwi, werenganibe.

Kodi mudayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mbiri ya ma hybrid drive idafika pati? Mosiyana ndi maonekedwe, mtundu uwu wa kupangidwa simalo a zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Chivomerezo choyamba cha makina oyendetsa galimoto pogwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka mkati ndi galimoto yamagetsi inali ya William H. Patton, ndipo idawoneka ... zisanachitike zaka 128 zapitazo! Patent iyi idapanga Patton Motor Car, njira yamagetsi yosakanizidwa yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyendetsa magalimoto amsewu ndi ma locomotives ang'onoang'ono. Mu 1889, prototype inalengedwa, ndipo patapita zaka zisanu ndi zitatu mtundu wa sitimayo unagulitsidwa ku kampani ya njanji.

Chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomo, Phaeton adagubuduza m'misewu asanayambe kupanga galimoto ya Patton. Ayi, osati Volkswagen-Bentley iyi. Armstrong Phaeton. Mwinamwake galimoto yoyamba yosakanizidwa, kapena kani chikuku, m'mbiri. M'bwaloli munali injini yoyaka mkati ya 6,5-lita 2-cylinder, komanso mota yamagetsi. Flywheel imagwiranso ntchito ngati dynamo yomwe imayendetsa batire. Armstrong Phaeton adapeza kale mphamvu kuchokera ku braking, koma mosiyana pang'ono ndi ma hybrids amasiku ano. Galimoto yamagetsi idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyatsa nyali ndikuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, ndipo mwina izi sizingakhale zodabwitsa ngati sizinali choncho chifukwa zidapitilira zaka 16 zoyambira zokha za Cadillac.

Wokonda? Nanga bwanji ma 3-speed semi-automatic transmission? Magiya sanafunikire kusinthidwa kotheratu ndi manja. Kale kwambiri ma synchronizer asanapangidwe ndipo njira yolumikizira pawiri idayiwalika, mota yamagetsi idayatsa cholumikizira chokha posintha magiya. Komabe, injini ya Armstrong Phaeton inali ... yamphamvu kwambiri. Nthawi zonse ankawononga mawilo amatabwa, omwe pambuyo pake amachotsedwa mwa kuwonjezera zowonjezera ku mawilo.

Ferdinand Porsche nayenso anali ndi ubwino wake m'mbiri ya magalimoto. Lohner-Porsche Mixte Hybrid inali galimoto yomwe, m'matembenuzidwe apambuyo pake, inkayendetsedwa ndi ma motors amagetsi, imodzi pa gudumu lililonse. Ma motors awa adayendetsedwa ndi mabatire komanso torque ya injini yoyaka mkati. Galimotoyi inkatha kunyamula anthu anayi ndipo inkangoyenda pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya magetsi kapena kungogwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka mkati.

Zikumveka bwino? Osati kwathunthu. Mabatire a Mixte anali ndi ma cell 44 80-volt ndipo amalemera matani 1,8. Maulalowo sanali amphamvu kwambiri, choncho ankatsekedwa m’bokosi loyenerera n’kupachikidwa pa akasupe. Komabe, iyi ndi batri palokha, ndipo tiyeni tiwonjezere ma motors amagetsi kwa iyo. Kupangidwa kwa Lohner ndi Porsche kunali kolemera matani 4. Ngakhale pakuwona kwamasiku ano zikuwoneka ngati kutayika kwathunthu, Mixte adapangitsa mainjiniya ambiri kuganiza. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ochokera ku Boeing ndi NASA, omwe adaphunzira zida izi mosamala kwambiri. Ndi zotsatira zake, chifukwa LRV yomwe ma mission a Apollo 15, 16, ndi 17 adagwiritsa ntchito kuzungulira mwezi anali ndi mayankho ambiri otengedwa kuchokera ku hybrid ya Lohner-Porsche Mixte.

Mbiri ya ma hybrids ndi yayitali kwambiri, kotero tiyeni tipite molunjika mpaka pano kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe. Mitundu yosakanizidwa monga momwe timawadziwira inakhala yotchuka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 90 pamene Toyota Prius inalowa mumsika wa ku Japan. Zinali ndiye kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba - mu 1997 - "Toyota Hybrid System" inagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe inadzakhala "Hybrid Synergy Drive". Kodi mibadwo payokha inkawoneka bwanji?

Toyota Prius Yoyamba - Toyota Hybrid System

Ife tikudziwa kale kuti lingaliro la galimoto wosakanizidwa si latsopano. Komabe, zinatenga zaka zoposa 100 kuti mfundo imeneyi ikhale yotchuka kwambiri. Toyota Prius inakhala galimoto yoyamba yopangidwa ndi misala yosakanizidwa. Mwina ndichifukwa chake ma hybrids onse amalumikizidwa bwino ndi Prius. Koma tiyeni tione njira zothetsera luso.

Ngakhale kupanga Prius kunayamba mu 1997, gawo ili la malonda linali la msika waku Japan okha. Kutumiza kunja kumisika ina, makamaka ku US, kudayamba mu 2000. Komabe, mtundu wa NHW11 wotumiza kunja wasinthidwa pang'ono kuchokera kwa omwe adayambitsa (NHW10).

Pansi pa nyumba yosakanizidwa ya ku Japan panali injini ya 1.5 VVT-i yokhala ndi nthawi yosinthika ya valve, yomwe imagwira ntchito mozungulira Atkinson. Malingalirowo anali ochulukirapo kapena ochepera monga momwe alili tsopano - injini yamafuta idathandizidwa ndi ma mota awiri amagetsi - imodzi imagwira ntchito ngati jenereta, ndipo ina ikuyendetsa mawilo. Zida za mapulaneti, zomwe zinkakhala ngati kufalitsa kwa CVT kosalekeza, zinali ndi udindo wogawa bwino ntchito ya injini.

Sinali galimoto yothamanga kwambiri, yokhala ndi mphamvu ya 58 hp. ndi 102 Nm pa 4000 rpm. Choncho, mathamangitsidwe anali m'malo wodzichepetsa, monga anali liwiro pazipita 160 Km / h. Chomwe chinandisangalatsa chinali mafuta otsika, omwe pafupifupi amatha kugwera pansi pa 5 l / 100 km.

Mu mtundu wa NHW11, zigawo zambiri zasinthidwa kuti zipereke magwiridwe antchito abwino. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yawonjezeka ndi 3 kW ndi torque ndi 45 Nm. Kuwonongeka kwamakina kwachepetsedwa ndipo phokoso lachepetsedwa. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa injini kwawonjezekanso ndi 500 rpm.

Prius yoyamba, komabe, inalibe zolakwika - sizinali zodalirika monga zitsanzo zamasiku ano, panali nkhani za kutenthedwa kwa mabatire, ndipo zigawo zina zamagetsi (monga galimoto yamagetsi) zinali zomveka kwambiri.

Prius II, kapena Hybrid Synergy Drive

Mu 2003, Prius wina anaonekera ndi m'badwo wachiwiri THS injini. Poyamba idatchedwa Hybrid Synergy Drive. Tisanalowe mugalimoto, ndi bwino kutchula mawonekedwe azithunzi. Sizinayambike kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo ili ndi dzina lake - "Kammbak". Idapangidwa m'ma 30 ndi injiniya wa aerodynamic Wunibald Kamm. Thupi lapamwamba, lodulidwa limakhala losavuta kwambiri, palibe chipwirikiti kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo.

Ndikugwira ntchito pa m'badwo wachiwiri wa Prius, Toyota adalembetsa ma patent okwana 530. Ngakhale kuti lingaliro loterolo linali lofanana ndi galimoto ya THS, inali mu HSD yokha kuti mphamvu za disk system zinagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Kuthekera kwa injini yamagetsi ndi injini yoyaka mkati inali yofanana, mosiyana ndi lingaliro loyambirira, lomwe linali kukulitsa mphamvu ya injini yoyaka mkati kuti iwonjezere zokolola. Prius yachiwiri idayamba ndikuthamanga pang'ono mothandizidwa ndi mota yamagetsi. Mphamvu ya gawo lamagetsi lagalimoto imawonjezeka ndi 50%.

M'badwo uwu udawonanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa kompresa yamagetsi yamagetsi yomwe sinkafuna injini yoyaka mkati kuti iziziziritsa kapena kutentha chipinda chokwera anthu. Zakhala choncho mpaka lero. Prius idalandiranso mabatire opepuka a NiMH mu 2003. Chiwerengero cha maselo chachepetsedwa ndipo kuchuluka kwa electrolyte kwawonjezeka. Komanso, munali mu chitsanzo ichi kuti mtundu wa EV unayambitsidwa koyamba, womwe umakulolani kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi yokha.

Lexus idapanga mitundu yakeyake yamagetsi am'badwo uno. Mu 2005, adayika injini ina yamagetsi ku ekseli yakumbuyo ndipo motero adapanga haibridi yoyendetsa mawilo onse. Injini yachitatu inagwira ntchito mopanda lamulo kwa chitsulo cha kutsogolo - ngakhale, ndithudi, imayang'aniridwa ndi wolamulira yemwe amayendetsa torque ndi kusiyana kwa liwiro.

Yoyamba ya Lexus GS 450h ndi LS 600h inasonyeza momwe HSD ingagwirire ntchito limodzi ndi injini zamphamvu ndi kumbuyo kwa gudumu. Dongosololi linali lovuta kwambiri - makamaka pankhani yopatsirana. Bokosi la mapulaneti a Ravigneaux okhala ndi zitsulo zinayi, ziwombankhanga ziwiri zomwe zimasintha chiŵerengero cha gear cha injini yachiwiri yokhudzana ndi mawilo - sizinali zomveka kuti zilowe mwatsatanetsatane. Izi ziyenera kufotokozedwa ndi injiniya wamakina.

Hybrid Synergy Drive III

Timafika m'badwo woyamba wa hybrid drive. Apa ndi pamene kusintha kwenikweni kunachitika. Kusinthidwa 90% ya magawo. Injini yoyaka mkati idachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito mpaka malita 1.8, koma ma motors amagetsi adachepetsedwa. Mphamvu idakwera mpaka 136 hp, pomwe mafuta adatsika ndi 9%. M'badwo uno, tinatha kusankha njira yoyendetsera galimoto - yachibadwa, eco ndi yamphamvu.

HSD ili ndi chiŵerengero cha gear chokhazikika, kotero kuti zida za mapulaneti, pamene zikufanana ndi CVT, ndizosiyana kwambiri. Mphete yakunja ya gearing ndi mota ya MG2, giya la dzuwa ndi MG1 mota, ndipo ICE imalumikizidwa ndi "maplaneti". Dalaivala akhoza mwanjira ina kukhudza magwiridwe antchito a injini yoyaka mkati ndi mota yamagetsi, koma chowongoleracho chimangogwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi kompyuta. Timanena momwe tikufuna kufulumizitsa, ndipo kompyuta idzawerengera momwe msewu ulili komanso momwe mungagwirizanitse bwino ntchito ya galimoto yamagetsi ndi injini yoyaka mkati.

Toyota C-HR kapena HSD IV

Mbadwo wachinayi wa galimotoyo unawonekera ... mu m'badwo wachinayi wa Prius. Komabe, adakwanitsa kale kuzika mizu mumitundu ina - mwachitsanzo, mu C-HR. Quartet imatsamira kwambiri pa HSD III, koma imafinya kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochepa. Komabe, "zambiri" sizikutanthauza mphamvu, chifukwa zachepetsedwa kukhala 122 hp.

Choyamba, mawonekedwe opangira mabatire asinthidwa - ma hybrids atsopano amatha kuyamwa mphamvu zazikulu munthawi yochepa. Inverter ili ndi njira yoziziritsira yosiyana ndipo imatenga malo ochepera 30%. Zida za pulaneti zimasinthidwa ndi cylindrical. Ma gearbox onse adakonzedwanso kotero kuti amawononga 20% zochepa.

Chidule

Tawonapo mbali zina za ulendo wa Toyota wopita kumagalimoto omwe amaphatikiza ubwino wamagetsi amagetsi ndi kusinthasintha kwa injini zoyatsira mkati. Komabe, si disk yokha yomwe imasintha. Lingaliro la galimoto yosakanizidwa ikusinthanso. Iyi yasiya kalekale kukhala Prius ndipo ikupanga magalimoto omwe amawoneka ngati achizolowezi. Ma hybrids pang'onopang'ono akukhala gawo la moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Timawaona kulikonse m’mizinda ikuluikulu. 

Mmodzi wa iwo ndi Toyota C-HR, amene adzakopa anthu amene akufuna kuyendayenda mumzinda mu crossover chidwi, koma amayamikira otsika mafuta ndi noiselessness. Palinso kuzindikira kokulirapo kwa kufunika kochepetsa kuipitsa - ndipo ngakhale kuti magalimoto sali magwero a zoipa zonse pano, iwo ali mbali yake, kotero chinachake chiyenera kuchitidwa pa izo. Toyota imalemba kukula kwakukulu pakugulitsa magalimoto osakanizidwa chaka ndi chaka. Osati chifukwa cha Prius - chifukwa cha magalimoto ngati Auris kapena C-HR - akadali otsika mtengo pachikwama, mu phukusi wamba, koma ndi drivetrain yapamwamba yomwe mtengo wake wowonjezera umatsimikiziridwa kudalirika.

Kodi m'badwo wotsatira uli liti? Sitikudziwa. Mwina tidikirira zaka zingapo. Komabe, powertrain waposachedwa kwambiri Toyota hybrids kale kufika pa mlingo amazipanga apamwamba kwambiri.