Kuukira kwa Germany ku Ardennes - chiyembekezo chomaliza cha Hitler
Zamkatimu
- Kuukira kwa Germany ku Ardennes pa Disembala 16-26, 1944 kudalephera. Komabe, adapatsa Allies mavuto ambiri ndipo adawakakamiza kuchita khama lalikulu lankhondo: kupambanako kunathetsedwa pamaso pa Januware 28, 1945. Mtsogoleri ndi Chancellor wa Reich, Adolf Hitler, adasudzulana kuchokera ku zenizeni, amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chake zingatheke kupita ku Antwerp ndikudula gulu lankhondo la Britain 21st Army, kukakamiza a British kuti achoke ku continent kupita ku "Dunkirk yachiwiri." ”. Komabe, lamulo la Germany linkadziwa bwino kuti iyi inali ntchito yosatheka.
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Kuukira kwa Germany ku Ardennes pa Disembala 16-26, 1944 kudalephera. Komabe, adapatsa Allies mavuto ambiri ndipo adawakakamiza kuchita khama lalikulu lankhondo: kupambanako kunathetsedwa pamaso pa Januware 28, 1945. Mtsogoleri ndi Chancellor wa Reich, Adolf Hitler, adasudzulana kuchokera ku zenizeni, amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa chake zingatheke kupita ku Antwerp ndikudula gulu lankhondo la Britain 21st Army, kukakamiza a British kuti achoke ku continent kupita ku "Dunkirk yachiwiri." ”. Komabe, lamulo la Germany linkadziwa bwino kuti iyi inali ntchito yosatheka.
Pambuyo pa kumenyana koopsa ku Normandy mu June ndi July 1944, asilikali a Allieds analowa m'malo ogwirira ntchito ndipo anapita patsogolo mofulumira. Pofika pa September 15, pafupifupi dziko lonse la France linali m’manja mwa Allies, kupatulapo Alsace ndi Lorraine. Kuchokera kumpoto, mzere wakutsogolo udadutsa ku Belgium kuchokera ku Ostend, kudutsa Antwerp ndi Maastricht kupita ku Aachen, kenako kufupi ndi malire a Belgian-German ndi Luxembourg-Germany, kenako kumwera motsatira Mtsinje wa Moselle mpaka kumalire ndi Switzerland. Sitiyenera kunena kuti pakati pa mwezi wa September, ogwirizana a Kumadzulo anagogoda pazitseko za madera a makolo a Third Reich. Koma choyipa kwambiri, adapanga chiwopsezo chachindunji kwa a Ruru. Udindo wa Germany unali wopanda chiyembekezo.
Maganizo
Adolf Hitler ankakhulupirira kuti n’zothekabe kugonjetsa adani ake. Ndithu, osawagwadira; Komabe, malinga ndi kunena kwa Hitler, kutayika koteroko kukanaperekedwa kwa iwo kuti akhutiritse Ogwirizana nawo kuti agwirizane pa mfundo zamtendere zomwe zikanavomerezedwa ku Germany. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti otsutsa ofooka ayenera kuthetsedwa chifukwa cha izi, ndipo ankaona kuti British ndi America ndi otero. The separatist mtendere kumadzulo anayenera kumasula mphamvu zazikulu ndi njira kulimbikitsa chitetezo kum'mawa. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti ngati akanayambitsa nkhondo yachiwonongeko cha kum’maŵa, mzimu wa Chijeremani udzagonjetsa achikomyunizimu.
Kuti pakhale mtendere wolekanitsa kumadzulo, zinthu ziŵiri zinayenera kuchitika. Yoyamba mwa izi ndi njira zosavomerezeka zobwezera - mabomba owuluka a V-1 ndi mizinga ya V-2, yomwe Ajeremani ankafuna kuti awononge kwambiri ogwirizana nawo m'mizinda ikuluikulu, makamaka ku London, ndipo kenako ku Antwerp ndi Paris. Kuyesera kwachiwiri kunali kwachikhalidwe kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kunali koopsa. Kuti apereke lingaliro lake, Hitler anasonkhanitsa Loŵeruka, September 16, 1944, msonkhano wapadera ndi mabwenzi ake apamtima. Ena mwa omwe analipo anali Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, yemwe anali mkulu wa High Command of the German Armed Forces - OKW (Oberkommando Wehrmacht). Mwachidziwitso, OKW inali ndi malamulo atatu: Ground Forces - OKH (Oberkommando der Heeres), Air Force - OKL (Oberkommando der Luftwaffe) ndi Navy - OKM (Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine). Komabe, pochita, atsogoleri amphamvu a mabungwewa adalandira malamulo okha kuchokera kwa Hitler, kotero kuti mphamvu ya Supreme High Command ya asilikali a Germany pa iwo inalibe kwenikweni. Choncho, kuyambira 1943, zinthu zachilendo zachitika kumene OKW anapatsidwa utsogoleri wa ntchito zonse motsutsana ndi Allies ku Western (France) ndi Southern (Italy) zisudzo, ndipo aliyense wa zisudzo izi anali mkulu wake. Kumbali ina, likulu la Supreme High Command of the Ground Forces lidatenga udindo wa Eastern Front.
Msonkhanowo unapezeka ndi Chief of the General Staff of the Ground Forces, ndiye Colonel General Heinz Guderian. Wachitatu wamkulu wamkulu wamkulu anali wamkulu wa antchito a Supreme High Command of the Germany Armed Forces - WFA (Wehrmachts-Führungsamt), Colonel General Alfred Jodl. WFA idapanga msana wa OKW, kuphatikiza makamaka magawo ake ogwirira ntchito.
Hitler mosayembekezereka adalengeza chisankho chake: m'miyezi iwiri chiwonongeko chidzayambika kumadzulo, cholinga chake chikanakhala kubwezeretsa Antwerp ndikulekanitsa asilikali a Anglo-Canada ndi asilikali a ku America-French. Gulu lankhondo laku Britain la 21st lidzazunguliridwa ndikumanikizidwa ku Belgium mpaka kugombe la North Sea. Loto la Hitler linali lakuti amusamutsire ku Britain.
Panalibe mwayi woti zinthu ziwayendere bwino ngati zimenezi. A British ndi America ku Western Front anali ndi magawo 96 ambiri, pamene Ajeremani anali ndi 55 okha, ndipo ngakhale osakwanira. Kupanga mafuta amadzimadzi ku Germany kudachepetsedwa kwambiri ndi mabomba a Allied Strategic, monganso kupanga zida zankhondo. Kuyambira pa Seputembala 1, 1939 mpaka Seputembara 1, 1944, zotayika zosabwezeredwa za anthu (ophedwa, osowa, odulidwa mpaka pomwe adayenera kuchotsedwa) anali asitikali 3 ndi maofesala omwe sanatumizidwe ndi maofesala 266.
