Magulu ankhondo aku Germany: Januwale 1942–June 1944

Magulu ankhondo aku Germany

Kampeni ku Soviet Union mu 1941, ngakhale zigonjetso zododometsa zomwe a Wehrmacht adapambana pa gulu lankhondo lodetsedwa komanso lophunzitsidwa bwino, zidatha moyipa kwa aku Germany. USSR sinagonjetsedwe ndipo Moscow sinalandidwe. Gulu lankhondo la Germany lotopa linapulumuka m’nyengo yozizira, ndipo nkhondoyo inasanduka mkangano wanthaŵi yaitali umene unawononga chuma chambiri cha anthu ndi chuma. Ndipo aku Germany sanakonzekere izi, siziyenera kukhala choncho ...

Kuukira kwina kwa Germany kunakonzedwa m'chilimwe cha 1942, chomwe chinali chosankha kupambana kwa kampeni kummawa. Ntchito zokhumudwitsa zidafotokozedwa mu Directive No. 41 ya Epulo 5, 1942, pomwe zinthu zakutsogolo zidakhazikika ndipo Wehrmacht idapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe inali yosakonzekera.

Popeza chitetezo cha Moscow chinali chosagonjetseka, adaganiza zodula USSR ku magwero a mafuta - zinthu zofunika pankhondo. Zosungira zazikulu za mafuta a Soviet zinali ku Azerbaijan (Baku pa Nyanja ya Caspian), kumene matani oposa 25 miliyoni a mafuta amapangidwa chaka chilichonse, omwe amawerengera pafupifupi kupanga Soviet. Gawo lalikulu la gawo lotsalalo linagwera m'chigawo cha Maikop-Grozny (Russia ndi Chechnya) ndi Makhachkala ku Dagestan. Madera onsewa ali m’munsi mwa mapiri a Caucasus, kapena kum’mwera chakum’mawa kwa mapiri aakulu amenewa. Kuukira kwa Caucasus ndi cholinga cholanda minda ya mafuta ndi Volga (Stalingrad) kuti adutse mitsempha yolumikizirana yomwe mafuta opangira mafuta adatumizidwa kuchigawo chapakati cha USSR udayenera kuchitidwa ndi GA "South" , ndi magulu ena awiri ankhondo - "Center" ndi "North" - ayenera kupita pachitetezo. Choncho, m'nyengo yozizira 1941/1942 GA "South" anayamba kulimbikitsidwa ndi kusamutsa mayunitsi ku magulu otsala asilikali kumwera.

Kupanga magawo atsopano a zida

Maziko opangira magawo atsopano anali magawo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zida zosungira zida, zomwe zidayamba kugwa chakumapeto kwa 1940. Magulu anayi omwe adangopangidwa kumene ndi magulu awiri ankhondo osiyana anali ndi zida zolandidwa zachi French. Magawowa adapangidwa pakati pa autumn 1940 ndi masika a 1941. Anali: Gulu lankhondo la 201, lomwe linalandira Somua H-35 ndi Hotchkiss H-35 / H-39; 202nd Tank Regiment, yokhala ndi 18 Somua H-35s ndi 41 Hotchkiss H-35/H-39s; 203rd Tank Regiment inalandira Somua H-35 ndi Hotchkiss H-35/39; 204th Tank Regiment yoperekedwa ku Somua H-35 ndi Hotchkiss H-35/H39; Gulu lankhondo la 213, lokhala ndi akasinja olemera a 36 Char 2C, limatchedwa Pz.Kpfw. B2; 214th tank battalion,

adalandira +30 Renault R-35.

Pa September 25, 1941, ndondomeko yopangira magawo awiri a thanki inayamba - gawo la 22 la thanki ndi gawo la 23 la thanki. Onsewa adapangidwa kuchokera ku France, koma zida zake za tanki zinali 204th Tank Regiment ndi 201st Tank Regiment motsatana, ndipo zidali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zaku Germany ndi Czech. Gulu la 204th Tank Regiment linalandira: 10 Pz II, 36 Pz 38 (t), 6 Pz IV (75 / L24) ndi 6 Pz IV (75 / L43), pamene 201st Tank Regiment inalandira akasinja opangidwa ndi Germany. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, zigawo zonse ziwirizi zinawonjezeredwa, ngakhale kuti sizinafikire antchito onse. Mu March 1942, maguluwo anatumizidwa kunkhondo.

Pa December 1, 1941, mumsasa wa Stalbek (tsopano Dolgorukovo ku East Prussia), kukonzanso kwa 1st Cavalry Division kukhala 24th Tank Division kunayamba. Gulu lake la 24 la thanki linapangidwa kuchokera ku gulu lankhondo la 101st flamethrower thanki lomwe linathetsedwa, lophatikizidwa ndi apakavalo a gulu lachiwiri ndi la 2 la okwera pamahatchi, ophunzitsidwa ngati akasinja. Poyamba, magulu atatuwa anali ndi gulu lankhondo loyendetsa mfuti lokhala ndi gulu lankhondo lachitatu ndi gulu lankhondo la njinga zamoto, koma mu Julayi 21, gulu lankhondo lamfuti linathetsedwa ndipo gulu lachiwiri lamfuti linapangidwa, ndipo magulu onse oyendetsa magalimoto anali. kusinthidwa kukhala gulu lankhondo ziwiri.

Kukonzekera kuukira kwatsopano

Axis inatha kusonkhanitsa asilikali pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni kuti achite zonyansazo, zomwe zinapangidwa m'magulu 65 a Germany ndi 25 Romanian, Italy ndi Hungarian. Malinga ndi dongosolo lomwe linakonzedwa mu April, kumayambiriro kwa July 1942, GA "South" inagawidwa kukhala GA "A" (Field Marshal Wilhelm List), yomwe inasamukira ku Caucasus, ndi GA "B" (Msilikali General Maximilian Freiherr von Weichs) , kulowera kum'mawa ku Volga.

Kumayambiriro kwa 1942, GA "Poludne" inaphatikizapo magawo asanu ndi anayi a thanki (3, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 22, 23 ndi 24) ndi magawo asanu ndi limodzi (3, 16, 29, 60, SS Viking). . ndi Great Germany). Poyerekeza, kuyambira pa Julayi 4, 1942, magawo awiri okha a akasinja (8 ndi 12) ndi magawo awiri oyendetsa magalimoto (18 ndi 20) adatsalira mu Sever GA, ndipo mu Sredny GA - magawo asanu ndi atatu a thanki (1., 2, 4th. , 5th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th) ndi awiri oyendetsa galimoto (10th ndi 25th). Gulu la zida za 6, 7 ndi 10 zidakhazikitsidwa ku France (zolinga zopumula ndi kubwezeretsanso, pambuyo pake zidabwereranso kunkhondo), ndipo magulu ankhondo a 15 ndi 21 ndi 90 Dlek (motorized) adamenya nkhondo ku Africa.

Pambuyo pa kugawanika kwa GA "Poludne" GA "A" inaphatikizapo 1st Tank Army ndi 17th Army, ndipo GA "B" inaphatikizapo: 2nd Army, 4th Tank Army, 6th Army, komanso 3rd ndi 4th asilikali. Asilikali aku Romania, gulu lachiwiri lankhondo laku Hungary ndi gulu lankhondo la 2 la Italy. Mwa izi, panzer ya Germany ndi magawano oyendetsa magalimoto anali m'magulu onse ankhondo kupatulapo 8 Army, yomwe inalibe magawano ofulumira.