Woyambitsa satembenuka

Zifukwa zomwe sichitembenuza choyambira pakhoza kukhala kuwonongeka kwa retractor relay, kutsika kwa batri yofooka, kusokonezeka kwa magetsi m'derali, kuwonongeka kwa makina oyambira, ndi zina zotero. Zidzakhala zothandiza kuti mwini galimoto aliyense adziwe zomwe angapange nthawi yake choyambira sichimatembenuza injini. Zowonadi, nthawi zambiri, kukonza kumatha kuchitika ndi manja anu.

Kuwonongeka kawirikawiri kumawonekera panthawi yosayembekezereka, pamene sizingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha wokonza magalimoto. Kenako, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi njira zowachotsera.

Zizindikiro zoyambira zosweka

Zifukwa zomwe galimoto sichiyamba Zoonadi, pali zambiri. Komabe, kulephera koyambira kumatha kudziwika ndikuwoneka kwa chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• choyambitsa sichimayatsa;
• kudina koyambira, koma sikutembenuza crankshaft ya injini yoyaka mkati;
• pamene choyambiracho chimayatsidwa, crankshaft imayenda pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake injini yoyaka mkati siyiyamba;
• kumveka kwachitsulo kwa giya ya bendix, komwe sikumangirira ndi crankshaft.

Pambuyo pake, tipitiliza kukambirana zomwe zingayambitse kusweka. ndiye, tidzasanthula zochitika pomwe choyambitsa sichitembenuka konse, kapena sichizungulira ICE crankshaft.

Zifukwa zomwe oyambitsa samatembenuka

Nthawi zambiri chifukwa galimoto si kuyamba ndi sitata sayankha fungulo poyatsira ndi batire yotulutsidwa. Chifukwa chake sichikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kuwonongeka kwa choyambitsa, komabe, musanazindikire mfundo iyi, muyenera kuyang'ana mtengo wa batri, ndikuyibwezeretsanso ngati kuli kofunikira. Zamakono kwambiri makina alamu imatchinga dera loyambira pomwe mulingo wamagetsi a batri ndi 10V kapena kuchepera. Choncho, simungathe kuyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati mwa chikhalidwe ichi. Kuonetsetsa kuti izi sizichitika, yang'anirani kuchuluka kwa batire ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, muwonjezerenso nthawi ndi nthawi. komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa electrolyte. Komabe, tidzaganiza kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino ndi mulingo wa batri.

Ganizirani vuto linalake ... Eni ake agalimoto ya Ford Focus 2 ya 2007-2008 akhoza kukumana ndi vuto pomwe choyambitsa sichikutembenuka chifukwa cha zolakwika mu choyimitsa choyambirira. Kuzindikira kuwonongeka uku ndikosavuta - chifukwa cha izi, ndikwanira kuyambitsa mphamvu ya batri molunjika koyambira. Komabe, zimagwira ntchito popanda mavuto. kawirikawiri, ogulitsa boma kusintha immobilizer pansi chitsimikizo.

Kupanga koyambira

Zifukwa zomwe woyambitsa samatembenuka ndipo "sawonetsa zizindikiro za moyo" zitha kukhala izi:

• Kuwonongeka kapena kuzimiririka kulumikizana mu gawo loyambira. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha dzimbiri kapena kuwonongeka kwa boliti wawaya. Tikukamba za kukhudzana kwakukulu kwa "misa", yokhazikika pa thupi la galimoto. muyeneranso kuyang'ana "misa" ya main and solenoid starter relays. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mu 80% ya milandu, mavuto omwe ali ndi oyambitsa osagwira ntchito amabwera chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa magetsi agalimoto. Choncho, kuti athetse vutoli, m'pofunika kukonzanso mawaya, ndiko kuti, kuyang'ana dera lamagetsi oyambira, kulimbitsa zolumikizira zomangika pamapadi ndi ma terminals. Pogwiritsa ntchito multimeter, yang'anani voteji pa waya wowongolera kupita koyambira, ikhoza kuonongeka. Kuti muwone, mutha kutseka choyambira "mwachindunji". Momwe mungachitire izi zafotokozedwa pansipa.
• kuswa solenoid starter relay. Izi zikhoza kukhala yopuma ma windings ake, dera lalifupi mwa iwo, mawotchi kuwonongeka kwa zigawo zamkati, ndi zina zotero. muyenera kudziwa relay, kupeza ndi kukonza kusokonekera. Mudzapeza zambiri za momwe mungapangirenso izi m'zinthu zofananira.
• Kuzungulira kwachidule pamayendedwe oyambira. Ili ndi vuto losowa, koma lovuta. Imawonekera nthawi zambiri pazoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kutsekemera kwa ma windings awo kumawonongeka, chifukwa chake kusinthasintha kwafupipafupi kungathe kuchitika. Zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makina kwa oyambira kapena akakumana ndi mankhwala aukali. Zikhale momwe zingakhalire, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kukhalapo kwa dera lalifupi, ndipo ngati lichitika, ndiye kuti yankholo silidzakhala kukonzanso, koma m'malo mwathunthu woyambira.

Lumikizanani poyatsira gulu VAZ-2110

• Mavuto ndi gulu lolumikizana la switch yoyatsira, chomwe chingakhale chifukwa chomwe woyambitsayo samatembenuka. Ngati zolumikizira mu loko yoyatsira ziwonongeka, ndiye kuti palibe zomwe zimadutsamo kupita ku injini yamagetsi yamagetsi yamkati, motero, sizimazungulira. Mukhoza kuyang'ana ndi multimeter. Yang'anani ngati magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa chowotcha choyatsira, ndipo ngati chichokapo pamene kiyi yatembenuzidwa. m'pofunikanso kuyang'ana fuse wa gulu kukhudzana (nthawi zambiri amakhala mu kanyumba, pansi pa "torpedo" kumanzere kapena kumanja).
• Kuthamanga kwa freewheel ya starter drive. Pankhaniyi, kukonza sikutheka, m'pofunika m'malo sitata makina pagalimoto.
• Kuyendetsa kumakhala kolimba pa shaft ya ulusi. Kuti muchotse, muyenera kusokoneza choyambira, kuyeretsa ulusi wa zinyalala ndikuzipaka mafuta a injini.

Komanso, ife kusanthula mavuto, amene zizindikiro zake ndi chakuti choyambitsa crankshaft pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, chifukwa chimene injini kuyaka mkati sayamba.

• Kusagwirizana injini mafuta mamasukidwe akayendedwe dongosolo la kutentha. Izi zitha kuchitika pamene mafuta mu injini yoyaka moto yakhala wandiweyani kwambiri mu chisanu choopsa, ndipo salola kuti crankshaft izungulira bwino. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndikusintha mafuta ndi analogue ndi mamasukidwe oyenera.
• Kutulutsa kwa batri. Ngati sichinaperekedwe mokwanira, ndiye kuti palibe mphamvu zokwanira kutembenuza crankshaft pa liwiro labwinobwino kudzera poyambira. Njira yotulukira ndikutchaja batire kapena kuyisintha ngati ilibe charge bwino. Makamaka izi zogwirizana ndi dzinja.
• Kuphwanya kukhudzana ndi burashi ndi/kapena kutayikira wayakupita koyambira. Pofuna kuthetsa kusweka uku, m'pofunika kukonzanso msonkhano wa burashi, kusintha maburashi ngati kuli kofunikira, kuyeretsa osonkhanitsa, kusintha kuthamanga kwa akasupe mu maburashi kapena kusintha akasupe.

M'makina ena amakono (mwachitsanzo, VAZ 2110), dera lamagetsi lapangidwa kuti ndi kuvala kwakukulu pamaburashi oyambira, voteji samaperekedwa konse ku solenoid relay. Chifukwa chake, kuyatsa kukayatsidwa, sikumadina.

Timalembanso zochitika zochepa za atypical chifukwa chomwe choyambira sichimatembenukira kuzizira komanso kutentha. Choncho:

• Kuwongolera vuto la wayazomwe zimagwirizana ndi poyambira. Zikawonongeka pakutchinjiriza kwake kapena kukhudzana, sikungachitike kuyambitsa injini yoyatsira mkati pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwunikenso. Kuti muchite izi, mudzafunika thandizo la munthu wina. Mmodzi wa inu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito kiyi poyatsira kuyesa kuyambitsa injini kuyaka mkati, pamene wina pa nthawi ino amakoka waya, kuyesera "kugwira" malo kumene kukhudzana koyenera kumachitika. komanso njira imodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito "+" mwachindunji kuchokera ku batire kupita ku waya wowongolera. Ngati injini yoyaka mkati iyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana chomwe chimayambitsa chowotcha, ngati sichoncho, muchitetezo kapena kukhulupirika kwa waya. Ngati vuto ndi waya wowonongeka, ndiye kuti njira yabwino kwambiri ndikusintha.
• Nthawi zina mu stator woyambira amachotsa nyumbayo maginito okhazikika. Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka, muyenera kusokoneza choyambira ndikuchimanganso kumalo omwe asankhidwa.
• Kulephera kwa fuse. Izi si wamba, koma mwina chifukwa sitata sikugwira ntchito ndipo satembenuza injini kuyaka mkati. Choyamba, tikukamba za fuses kwa gulu lolumikizana la dongosolo loyatsira.
• Kugwa kubwerera kasupe pa relay yoyambira. Kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka, ndikwanira kuchotsa cholumikizira chowonetsedwa ndikuyika kasupe m'malo mwake.

Kudina koyambira koma sikutembenuka

Kukonzanso maburashi oyambira pa VAZ-2110

Nthawi zambiri, pakakhala zovuta zoyambira, si njira yokhayo yomwe ili ndi vuto, koma relay yake ya retractor. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kuyatsa kukayatsidwa, siwoyambitsa omwe amadina, koma kutumizirana kwina kotchulidwa. kusweka kumachitika chifukwa chimodzi mwazifukwa izi:

• Kulephera kwa waya wamagetsi omwe amalumikiza ma windings oyambira ndi ma traction relay. Kuti muthetse vutoli, muyenera kusintha.
• Kuvala kwakukulu pazitsamba ndi/kapena maburashi oyambira. Pankhaniyi, muyenera m'malo iwo.
• Kuzungulira kwachidule pamapiritsi a zida. Mutha kuyang'ana izi ndi multimeter. kawirikawiri, mapiringidzo sakonzedwa, koma choyambira china chimagulidwa ndikuyika.
• Kuzungulira pang'ono kapena kusweka mu umodzi mwamayambiriro oyambira. Mkhalidwewo ndi wofanana ndi wam’mbuyomo. muyenera kusintha chipangizocho.
• Foloko mu bendix imasweka kapena kupunduka. Uku ndikulephera kwamakina komwe kumakhala kovuta kukonza. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ingakhale kusintha bendix kapena pulagi yosiyana (ngati n'kotheka).

Yoyambira sichitembenuka ikatentha

Kuyambira injini kuyaka mkati mwachindunji

Nthawi zina eni galimoto amakhala ndi mavuto pamene choyambitsa sichitembenuka "chotentha". Ndiko kuti, ndi injini yozizira yoyaka mkati, ikangoyima nthawi yayitali, galimoto imayamba popanda mavuto, ndipo ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mavuto amawonekera. Pankhaniyi, vuto lofala kwambiri limasankhidwa molakwika poyambira, ndiye kuti, kukhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono kuposa kufunikira. Mukatenthedwa, njira yachilengedwe yowonjezera kukula kwa magawo imachitika, chifukwa chomwe shaft yoyambira imazungulira ndipo sichizungulira. Choncho, kusankha bushings ndi mayendedwe malinga ndi buku la galimoto yanu.

komanso kutentha kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa kukhudzana mumagetsi a galimoto ndizotheka. Ndipo izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa onse omwe amalumikizana nawo - pazigawo za batri, retractor ndi main starter relay, pa "misa" ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwakonzenso, kuwayeretsa komanso kuwachotsa.

Kutseka koyambira mwachindunji ndi screwdriver

Njira zoyambira mwadzidzidzi za ICE

Pamene choyambitsa sichikudina ndipo sichimamveka konse, injini yoyaka mkati imatha kuyambitsidwa ngati yatsekedwa "mwachindunji". Iyi si njira yabwino kwambiri, koma ngati mukufunikira kupita mwamsanga ndipo palibe njira ina yotulukira, mungagwiritse ntchito.

Ganizirani momwe mungayambitsire injini yoyaka mkati mwachindunji pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha galimoto ya Vaz-2110. Choncho, ndondomeko ya zochita zidzakhala motere:

• kuyatsa giya ndale ndikuyika galimoto pa handbrake;
• kuyatsa kuyatsa potembenuza kiyi mu loko ndi kutsegula hood, monga tidzachita zina mu chipinda cha injini;
• chotsani fyuluta ya mpweya pampando wake ndikuitengera pambali kuti mufike ku zoyambira;
• chotsani chip kupita ku gulu lolumikizana;
• gwiritsani ntchito chinthu chachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, screwdriver yokhala ndi nsonga yayikulu kapena waya) kuti mutseke zoyambira;
• chifukwa cha izi, malinga ngati zigawo zina zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambazi zili bwino ndipo batire ili ndi mlandu, galimotoyo idzayamba.

Pambuyo pake, yikaninso chip ndi fyuluta ya mpweya. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti nthawi zambiri injini yoyaka mkati idzapitirizabe kuyambitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi yoyatsira. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuwonongeka kudakalipo, chifukwa chake muyenera kudziyang'ana nokha kapena kupita kuntchito yamagalimoto kuti muthandizidwe kuti mukonze.

Kuyamba kwadzidzidzi kwa injini yoyaka mkati

Tikukupatsaninso njira imodzi yomwe ingakhale yothandiza ngati mukufuna kuyambitsa mwadzidzidzi kwa injini yoyaka mkati. Zimangokwanira kwa magalimoto akutsogolo akuyendetsa ndi kufala kwamanja! Zomwe machitidwe akuchita ndi izi:

• muyenera kujowina galimotoyo popachika mawilo aliwonse akutsogolo;
• tembenuzirani gudumu loyimitsidwa mpaka kutuluka (ngati gudumu lakumanzere liri kumanzere, kumanja kuli kumanja);
• pezani chingwe chokoka kapena chingwe cholimba chozungulira pamwamba pa tayala nthawi 3-4, kusiya 1-2 mita kwaulere;
• Yatsani CHACHITATU kusamutsa;
• tembenuzani kiyi mu loko yoyatsira;
• kukoka mwamphamvu kumapeto kwa chingwe, kuyesera kupota gudumu (ndibwino kuti musachite izi pomwepo, koma ndikuchotsa pang'ono);
• galimoto ikayamba, choyamba ikani giya osalowerera ndale (mungathe kuchita izi popanda kukanikiza chopondapo zowalamulira) ndipo dikirani mpaka gudumu. kwathunthu kusiya;
• tsitsani gudumu lokwera pansi.

Mukamachita zomwe tafotokozazi, samalani kwambiri ndikuyang'ana njira zodzitetezera kuti musadzivulaze ndikuwononga makinawo.

Njira yomwe ikufotokozedwa ndi kupota gudumu la magalimoto akutsogolo akufanana ndi njira yoyambira choyambira chokhota (mothandizidwa ndi crank) chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto akale oyendetsa kumbuyo (mwachitsanzo, VAZ "classic"). Ngati potsirizira pake choyambira chimawomberedwa ndi chogwirira, ndiye kuti kutsogolo kwa gudumu kumalumphira kuchokera ku tsinde la axle pomwe gudumu lokwezeka lili.

Pomaliza

Choyambira ndi njira yosavuta koma yofunika kwambiri m'galimoto. Chifukwa chake, kuwonongeka kwake wotsutsa, chifukwa sichilola kuti injini iyambe. Nthawi zambiri, mavuto amakhudzana ndi mawaya amagetsi agalimoto, kusalumikizana bwino, mawaya osweka, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, ngati choyambitsa sichikutembenuka ndipo sichiyambitsa injini yoyaka mkati, chinthu choyamba chomwe timalimbikitsa ndikuwongoleranso mawayilesi ("ground", kulumikizana ndi ma relay, switch switch, etc.).