Cholinga, mtundu ndi mapangidwe a zosefera mafuta

Kodi dothi lamafuta limachokera kuti?

Apanso poyendera malo opangira mafuta, werengani "zizindikiro zaubwino" zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazenera lotuluka.

Mafuta AI-95 "Ekto Plus" amaonedwa kuti ndi apamwamba kwambiri ngati alibe utomoni woposa 50 mg / l, ndipo pambuyo pa nthunzi yake, zotsalira zouma (kuipitsidwa?) sizidutsa 2%.

Ndi mafuta a dizilo, nawonso, sizinthu zonse zomwe zili bwino. Amalola madzi kufika 200 mg/kg, kuipitsidwa konse kwa 24 mg/kg ndi matope 25 g/m.³.

Musanalowe mu thanki ya galimoto yanu, mafuta amaponyedwa mobwerezabwereza, kutsanulira muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana, kutumizidwa kumalo osungiramo mafuta, kupoperanso ndikunyamulidwa. Ndi fumbi lochuluka bwanji, chinyezi ndi "kuipitsa kwakukulu" zomwe zidalowa mkati mwazochita izi, zosefera zamafuta zokha zimadziwa.

Mapangidwe ndi mitundu

Mzere wamafuta wa injini iliyonse umayamba ndi kulowetsedwa kwamafuta ndi fyuluta ya mesh coarse (pano ndi CSF), yomwe imayikidwa pansi pa thanki yamafuta.

Komanso, kutengera mtundu wa injini - carburetor, jekeseni mafuta kapena dizilo, panjira kuchokera thanki kupita ku mpope mafuta, mafuta amadutsa magawo angapo kuyeretsedwa.

Mafuta amafuta ndi ma module amafuta okhala ndi CSF ali pansi pa thanki.

Ma injini a dizilo a CSF amaikidwa pa chimango kapena pansi pa galimoto. Zosefera zabwino (FTO) zamainjini amitundu yonse - m'chipinda cha injini.

Kuyeretsa khalidwe

• Ma mesh mafuta amalowetsa msampha tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokulirapo kuposa ma microns 100 (0,1 mm).
• Zosefera coarse - zazikulu kuposa 50-60 microns.
• PTO ya injini za carburetor - 20-30 microns.
• PTO ya injini jakisoni - 10-15 microns.
• PTF ya injini za dizilo, yomwe ndi yofunikira kwambiri pakuyeretsa mafuta, imatha kuyang'ana tinthu tating'onoting'ono toposa 2-3 microns.

Pali dizilo PTF yokhala ndi chiyero cha 1-1,5 microns.

Makatani osefera a zida zoyeretsera bwino amapangidwa makamaka ndi ulusi wa cellulose. Zinthu zoterezi nthawi zina zimatchedwa "zinthu zamapepala", ndizotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kupanga.

Mapangidwe osagwirizana a ulusi wa cellulose ndiye chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kufalikira kwa chinsalu cha "pepala". Gawo la mtanda la ulusi ndilokulirapo kuposa mipata pakati pawo, izi zimachepetsa "mphamvu yadothi" ndikuwonjezera kukana kwa hydraulic kwa fyuluta.

Makatani apamwamba kwambiri amasefa amapangidwa kuchokera ku polyamide fibrous material.

Chotchinga chosefera chimayikidwa m'thupi ngati accordion ("nyenyezi"), yomwe imapereka malo akuluakulu osefera ndi miyeso yaying'ono.

Ma PTO ena amakono ali ndi nsalu yotchinga yamitundu ingapo ya permeability, kutsika komwe kumayendera sing'anga. Zimawonetsedwa ndi cholemba "3D" pamlanduwo.

Ma PTO okhala ndi spiral stacking ya makatani a fyuluta ndizofala. Olekanitsa amaikidwa pakati pa kutembenuka kwa ozungulira. Spiral PTOs imadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kuyeretsa. Choyipa chawo chachikulu ndichokwera mtengo.

Mawonekedwe a makina osefera amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya injini

Makina oyeretsera mafuta a injini zamafuta

Mumagetsi amagetsi a carburetor motor, pambuyo pa gululi mu thanki ya gasi, fyuluta ya sump imayikidwanso pamzere. Pambuyo pake, mafuta amadutsa mumtambo mu mpope wamafuta, fyuluta yabwino (FTO) ndi mauna mu carburetor.

Mu injini jakisoni wa petulo, kuchuluka kwa mafuta, zosefera zowoneka bwino komanso zapakati zimaphatikizidwa ndi pampu mu gawo lamafuta. Mzere woperekera umathera pansi pa hood ndi PTO yayikulu.

Zosefera zolimba

Mafuta a CSF amatha kugwa, opangidwa ndi mauna amkuwa pa chimango cholimba.

Zosefera za module za submersible zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zigawo ziwiri kapena zitatu za polyamide mesh, zomwe zimapatsa mafuta oyeretsa komanso apakati. Ma mesh element sangathe kutsukidwa kapena kutsukidwa ndipo, ngati ali ndi kachilombo, amasinthidwa ndi chatsopano.

FGO-settlers ndi collapsible. Chosefera cha cylindrical chomwe chimayikidwa munyumba yachitsulo chimapangidwa ndi mauna amkuwa kapena mbale zokhala ndi perforated, nthawi zina za ceramic porous. M'munsi mwa thupi pali ulusi pulagi kukhetsa dothi.

Zosefera za injini za carburetor zimayikidwa pa chimango kapena pansi pa thupi lagalimoto.

Zosefera zabwino

M'magalimoto okwera, zosefera zamtunduwu zimayikidwa pansi pa hood. FTO carburetor motor - yosapatukana, mu pulasitiki yowonekera yomwe imatha kupirira kukakamizidwa mpaka 2 bar. Kuti agwirizane ndi mapaipi, mapaipi awiri a nthambi amapangidwa pathupi. Mayendedwe akuyenda akuwonetsedwa ndi muvi.

Mlingo wa kuipitsidwa - ndi kufunikira kosinthira - ndikosavuta kudziwa ndi mtundu wa chinthu chowoneka bwino.

PTO ya injini ya jekeseni ya petulo imagwira ntchito mopanikizika mpaka 10 bar, ili ndi chitsulo chozungulira kapena thupi la aluminiyamu. Chivundikiro cha nyumba chopangidwa kapena chopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yolimba. Mapaipi anthambi ndi zitsulo, njira ya mtsinje imayikidwa pachivundikiro. Chitoliro chachitatu cha nthambi, chomwe chimayikidwa pachivundikirocho, chimagwirizanitsa fyuluta ndi valve yochepetsera (kusefukira), yomwe imataya mafuta ochulukirapo mu "kubwerera".

Chogulitsacho sichimaphwanyidwa kapena kukonzedwa.

Makina oyeretsera a injini za dizilo

Mafuta omwe amadyetsa injini ya dizilo, pambuyo pa gridi mu thanki, amadutsa mu CSF-sump, olekanitsa-madzi olekanitsa, FTO, gridi ya pampu yotsika kwambiri komanso pampu yamagetsi.

M'magalimoto okwera, mafuta amayikidwa pansi pa thanki, CSF, separator ndi FTO zili pansi pa hood. M'magalimoto a dizilo ndi mathirakitala, zida zonse zitatu zimayikidwa pa chimango mu unit wamba.

Ma awiriawiri a mapampu amphamvu otsika komanso pampu yamafuta othamanga kwambiri, komanso opopera ma nozzles a injini za dizilo, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuipitsidwa kulikonse kwamafuta ndi kupezeka kwa madzi mmenemo.

Kulowa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tambiri timene timakhala tambirimbiri tambiri timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timatulutsa, madzi amachotsa filimu yothira mafutayo ndipo angayambitse kukangana kwa malo.

Mitundu ya zosefera mafuta a dizilo

Ukonde wamafuta omwe amamwa ndi mkuwa kapena pulasitiki; umakhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono topitilira ma microns 100. Ukonde ukhoza kusinthidwa pamene thanki yatsegulidwa.

Zosefera za dizilo

Zipangizo zamakono zonse zimatha kugwa. Sefa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono ta 50 kapena kupitilira apo. Chinthu chosinthika (galasi) chokhala ndi nsalu yotchinga "pepala" kapena kuchokera kumagulu angapo a pulasitiki.

Olekanitsa-madzi olekanitsa

Amachepetsa ndi kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa mafuta, kulekanitsa madzi omwe ali mmenemo. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono zosafunika ndi tinthu kukula oposa 30 microns (dzimbiri inaimitsidwa m'madzi). Kapangidwe kameneka kamatha kugwa, kumakupatsani mwayi wochotsa cholekanitsa chamadzi cha labyrinth-disk kuti muyeretse.

Fyuluta yabwino

Kusefedwa kwapamwamba kwambiri, kumasunga tinthu tating'onoting'ono toyambira 2 mpaka 5 microns.

Chipangizocho chimatha kugwa, chokhala ndi nyumba yochotsamo. Galasi yochotsedwa ya zipangizo zamakono zili ndi nsalu yotchinga ya polyamide.

Milandu yochotsamo imapangidwa ndi chitsulo. Nthawi zina pulasitiki yowoneka bwino imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thupi. Pansi pa chinthu chosinthika (chikho) pali chipinda chodziunjikira matope, momwe pulagi kapena valavu imayikidwa. Chivundikiro cha nyumbayo ndi chopepuka, chopangidwa.

M'magalimoto "okongola", dera loyang'anira mawonekedwe a fyuluta limaperekedwa. Sensa, yomwe imayambitsidwa pamene chipindacho chadzaza kwambiri, imayatsa kuwala kofiira pa dashboard.

Pakutentha kotsika, ma hydrocarbons a paraffinic omwe amasungunuka mumafuta a dizilo amakhuthala ndipo, monga odzola, amatseka makatani azinthu zosefera, kulepheretsa kutuluka kwamafuta ndikuyimitsa injini.

M'magalimoto amakono a dizilo, zida zosefera ndi cholekanitsa madzi zimayikidwa mu chipinda cha injini kapena mugawo limodzi pa chimango, chotenthedwa ndi antifreeze kuchokera ku dongosolo lozizira.

Pofuna kupewa "kuzizira" kwa mafuta a dizilo, ma thermoelements amagetsi omwe akugwira ntchito pa intaneti amatha kuikidwa pa thanki yamafuta.

Momwe mungayikitsire ndi zosefera zothandizira

Ndibwino kuti muyang'ane ndikutsuka ma gridi otengera mafuta ndi CSF-sump nthawi iliyonse thanki yamafuta ikatsegulidwa. Palafini kapena zosungunulira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusungunula. Pambuyo kutsuka, kuwomba mbali ndi wothinikizidwa mpweya.

Zosefera zotayidwa zamagawo a carburetor zimasinthidwa pa mtunda wa makilomita 10 aliwonse.

Zida zina zonse zosefera kapena zinthu zomwe zingasinthidwe zimasinthidwa "ndi ma mileage" motsatira malangizo agalimoto.

Kukhazikika kwa chipangizocho kumadalira mtundu wamafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

The mandala mlandu facilites diagnostics. Ngati chikhalidwe chachikasu cha nsalu yotchinga chasintha kukhala chakuda, simuyenera kudikirira nthawi yoyenera, muyenera kusintha chinthu chochotsa.

Mukasintha zosefera zilizonse zamafuta, machubu ochotsedwa kapena mapaipi ayenera kutsekedwa ndi mapulagi osakhalitsa kuti mpweya usalowe m'dongosolo. Mukamaliza ntchito, ikani mzerewo ndi chipangizo chamanja.

Mukasintha chosefera chotha kugwa, nyumba yochotsedwayo iyenera kutsukidwa ndikuwulutsidwa mkati. Zomwezo ziyenera kuchitika ndi nyumba zolekanitsa. Cholekanitsa madzi chochotsedwapo chimatsukidwa padera.

Njira yoyika nsalu yotchinga, "nyenyezi" kapena "spiral", imatsimikizira mtundu wa kuyeretsa, osati moyo wautumiki wa chipangizocho.

Zizindikiro zakunja za zosefera zotsekedwa ndizofanana ndi zovuta zina zamagawo amafuta:

• Injiniyo sikhala ndi mphamvu zonse, mwaulesi imakhudzidwa ndi kukanikiza kwakuthwa kwa pedal accelerator.
• Idling ndi yosakhazikika, "injini" imayesetsa kuyimitsa.
• Pa dizilo, pansi pa katundu wolemetsa, utsi wakuda umatuluka mupaipi yotulutsa mpweya.