Cholinga, malfunctions ndi kukonza zida chiwongolero Vaz 2107

Kuwongolera kulipo m'magalimoto onse, mosasamala kanthu za kalasi ndi chaka chopangidwa. Chipangizocho chiyenera kukhala bwino nthawi zonse ndipo palibe kusintha komwe kumaloledwa. Pa VAZ 2107 ndi zitsanzo zina zapamwamba za Zhiguli, ndime yowongoka yamtundu wa nyongolotsi imayikidwa, yomwe imafunika kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi ndi nthawi kukonzanso.

Chiwongolero zida VAZ 2107 - kufotokoza mwachidule

Chiwongolero cha VAZ "zisanu ndi ziwiri" chili ndi mapangidwe ovuta, omwe amapereka kuyendetsa galimoto yodalirika pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Chiwongolerocho chimakhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino, chomwe chimathetsa kutopa kwa madalaivala akamayenda mtunda wautali. Mukatembenuza chiwongolero pagalimoto yoyima, pamakhala zovuta zina. Komabe, galimoto ikangoyamba kuyenda, chiwongolerocho chimakhala chochepa kwambiri ndipo kagwiridwe kake kamakhala bwino.

Makina owongolera ali ndi nuance imodzi - kubwereranso pang'ono, komwe kuli chizolowezi. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa magawo mu gearbox ndi kukhalapo kwa ndodo. Pambuyo pa zamakono, ndime yachitetezo idayikidwa pa VAZ 2107, yomwe ili ndi shaft yophatikizika. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi zida ziwiri zamtundu wa cardan, zomwe zimalola shaft kupindika pakachitika ngozi. Mwanjira iyi, kuvulala kwa dalaivala sikuphatikizidwa.

Chiwongolero cha gearbox chidapangidwa kuti chisamutse mphamvu kuchokera ku chiwongolero kupita ku ndodo zowongolera kuti azitembenuza mawilo akutsogolo pa ngodya yomwe wapatsidwa.

Chipangizo chowongolera zida zowongolera

Musanayambe kukonza ndime chiwongolero, muyenera kudziwa chipangizo chake, komanso mfundo ntchito. Kapangidwe kake kali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• mfundo yopangidwa kuti isamutse mphamvu kuchoka pa chiwongolero kupita ku ma actuators;
• chingwe chowongolera chomwe chimatembenuza mawilo ku ngodya yomwe mukufuna.

Dongosolo lowongolera lili ndi:

• tsinde lophatikizika ndi kufala kwa cardan;
• chiwongolero;
• chiwongolero chamtundu wa nyongolotsi.

Chojambulacho chili ndi zigawo izi:

• pendulum;
• zozungulira zozungulira;
• ndodo zowongolera.

Mapangidwe owongolera: 1 - nyumba zowongolera; 2 - chisindikizo cha shaft; 3 - tsinde lapakati; 4 - shaft pamwamba; 5 - kukonza mbale ya kutsogolo kwa bulaketi; 6 - mkono wokhazikika wa shaft wa chiwongolero; 7 - kumtunda kwa casing yoyang'ana; 8 - manja onyamula; 9 - kubereka; 10 - chiwongolero; 11 - m'munsi mwa casing moyang'anizana; 12 - mfundo zomangira bracket

Popeza ndodo zakunja zili ndi magawo awiri, izi zimalola kusintha kwa mbali ya chala. Owongolera amagwira ntchito motere:

1. Dalaivala amayendetsa chiwongolero.
2. Kupyolera m'magulu a cardan, mphutsi ya mphutsi imayendetsedwa, yomwe chiwerengero cha zosinthika chimachepetsedwa.
3. Mphutsi imazungulira, yomwe imathandizira kusuntha kwa wodzigudubuza wapawiri.
4. Shaft yachiwiri ya gearbox imazungulira.
5. Bipod imayikidwa pa shaft yachiwiri, yomwe imazungulira ndikukoka ndodo zomangira pamodzi nazo.
6. Kupyolera mu zigawozi, mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo, potero kutembenuza mawilo akutsogolo kumalo omwe dalaivala akufuna.

Bipod ndi ulalo womwe umalumikiza zida zowongolera ndi kulumikizana kowongolera.

Zizindikiro za kulephera kwa gearbox

Pamene galimoto ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, chiwongolerocho chikhoza kukhala ndi zovuta zomwe zimafuna kukonzedwa. Odziwika kwambiri mwa iwo ndi awa:

• kutayika kwa mafuta mu gearbox;
• phokoso lachilendo mu makina;
• Pamafunika khama kwambiri kutembenuza chiwongolero.

Table: Vaz 2107 chiwongolero malfunction ndi njira zothetsera

malfunctions	Njira yothetsera
Kuseweredwa kwa ma wheel wheel
Kumasula mabawuti okwera chiwongolero.	Limbitsani mtedza.
Kumasula mtedza wa zikhomo za mpira wa ndodo zowongolera.	Chongani ndi kumangitsa mtedza.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo pamagulu a mpira wa ndodo zowongolera.	Sinthani nsonga kapena tayi ndodo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo mu mayendedwe a magudumu akutsogolo.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo pakulumikizana kwa wodzigudubuza ndi nyongolotsi.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa pendulum axle ndi bushings.	Bwezerani ma bushings kapena ma bracket assembly.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo mu mayendedwe a nyongolotsi.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Chiwongolero cholimba
Kusintha kwa zida zowongolera.	Sinthani ziwalo zopunduka.
Kuyika kolakwika kwa makona a mawilo akutsogolo.	Yang'anani momwe magudumu amayendera ndikusintha.
Kusiyana kwa chinkhoswe cha wodzigudubuza ndi nyongolotsi wasweka.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Nati yosinthira ya pendulum arm axle imakhala yolimba kwambiri.	Sinthani kumangitsa kwa mtedza.
Kuthamanga kochepa kumatayala akutsogolo.	Khazikitsani kuthamanga kwabwino.
Kuwonongeka kwa zida za mpira.	Yang'anani ndikusintha zida zowonongeka.
Palibe mafuta m'nyumba zowongolera	Onani ndi kuwonjezera. Bwezerani chisindikizo ngati kuli kofunikira.
Kuwonongeka kwa chiwongolero chapamwamba	Bwezerani mayendedwe.
Phokoso (kugogoda) pachiwongolero
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo mu mayendedwe a magudumu akutsogolo.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Kumasula mtedza wa zikhomo za mpira wa ndodo zowongolera.	Chongani ndi kumangitsa mtedza.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo pakati pa pendulum arm axle ndi bushings.	Bwezerani ma bushings kapena ma bracket assembly.
Nati yosinthira ya pendulum arm axle ndi yotayirira.	Sinthani kumangitsa kwa mtedza.
Kusiyana kwa chinkhoswe cha wodzigudubuza ndi nyongolotsi kapena mu mayendedwe a nyongolotsi wasweka.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo pamagulu a mpira wa ndodo zowongolera.	Sinthani nsonga kapena tayi ndodo.
Maboti omangira zida zowongolera kapena mabawuketi amkono ogwedezeka.	Yang'anani ndi kumangitsa mtedza wa bawuti.
Kumasula mtedza kuteteza mikono ya pivot.	Limbitsani mtedza.
Kumasula mabawuti apakati owongolera shaft.	Limbani mtedza wa bawuti.
Kudzisangalatsa ang'ono oscillation wa mawilo kutsogolo
Kuthamanga kwa tayala sikulondola.	Yang'anani ndikuyika kuthamanga kwabwino.
2. Anaphwanya ngodya za mawilo akutsogolo.	Yang'anani ndikusintha momwe magudumu amayendera.
3. Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo pamakwerero akutsogolo.	Sinthani chilolezo.
4. Kusayenda bwino kwa magudumu.	Sanjani mawilo.
5. Kumasula mtedza wa zikhomo za mpira wa ndodo zowongolera.	Chongani ndi kumangitsa mtedza.
6. Maboti omangirira zida zowongolerera kapena mabawuti amkono ogwedezeka.	Yang'anani ndi kumangitsa mtedza wa bawuti.
7. Kusiyana kwa chinkhoswe cha wodzigudubuza ndi nyongolotsi wasweka.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Kuyendetsa galimoto kuchoka kutsogolo kupita mbali imodzi
Kuthamanga kwa tayala kosagwirizana.	Yang'anani ndikuyika kuthamanga kwabwino.
Makona a mawilo akutsogolo ndi osweka.	Yang'anani ndikusintha momwe magudumu amayendera.
Zosiyanasiyana kusanja kutsogolo kuyimitsidwa akasupe.	Bwezerani akasupe osagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ziwongolero zopunduka kapena mikono yoyimitsidwa.	Chongani knuckles ndi levers, kusintha mbali zoipa.
Kutulutsidwa kosakwanira kwa gudumu limodzi kapena angapo.	Yang'anani momwe mabuleki alili.
Kusakhazikika kwagalimoto
Makona a mawilo akutsogolo ndi osweka.	Yang'anani ndikusintha momwe magudumu amayendera.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo mu mayendedwe a magudumu akutsogolo.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Kumasula mtedza wa zikhomo za mpira wa ndodo zowongolera.	Chongani ndi kumangitsa mtedza.
Kusewera kwambiri m'magulu a mpira wa ndodo zowongolera.	Sinthani nsonga kapena tayi ndodo.
Maboti omangira zida zowongolera kapena mabawuketi amkono ogwedezeka.	Yang'anani ndi kumangitsa mtedza wa bawuti.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chilolezo pakuchitapo kanthu kwa wodzigudubuza ndi nyongolotsi.	Sinthani chilolezo.
Ziwongolero zopunduka kapena mikono yoyimitsidwa.	Onani ziboliboli ndi ma levers; sinthani ziwalo zopunduka.
Kutuluka kwa mafuta kuchokera ku crankcase
Kuwonongeka kwa chisindikizo cha shaft cha bipod kapena nyongolotsi.	Sinthani chisindikizo.
Kumasula mabawuti okhala ndi zophimba zanyumba zowongolera.	Mangitsani mabawuti.
Kuwonongeka kwa zisindikizo.	Sinthani ma gaskets.

Gearbox ili kuti

Chiwongolero cha gearbox pa Vaz 2107 chili mu chipinda cha injini kumanzere pansi pa vacuum brake booster. Pokhala ndi chidziwitso chosakwanira pang'onopang'ono, sichingapezeke, chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimakutidwa ndi dothi.

Chiwongolero cha gearbox pa VAZ 2107 chili pansi pa vacuum brake booster kumanzere kwa chipinda cha injini.

Kukonza koongolera

Chifukwa cha kukangana kosalekeza mu makina owongolera, zinthu zikupangidwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kufunikira osati kungosintha msonkhanowo, komanso kukonzanso kotheka.

Momwe mungachotsere gearbox

Kuti muchotse chiwongolero cha "zisanu ndi ziwiri", mudzafunika zida zotsatirazi:

• makiyi akhazikitsidwa;
• chidendene;
• mitu;
• chowongolera.

Mukamaliza kukonza zonse zomwe mukufuna, chitani zotsatirazi pang'onopang'ono:

1. Galimoto imayikidwa pamtunda kapena dzenje lowonera.
2. Tsukani zikhomo pochotsa dothi.
3. Ndodo zimachotsedwa pa bipod ya gearbox, zomwe zikhomo za cotter zimachotsedwa, mtedza umachotsedwa ndipo chalacho chimachotsedwa pa bipod ya chipangizo chowongolera ndi chokoka.
   

   Mukamasula mtedza, chokani ndodo zowongolera kuchokera pa giya lowongolera.
4. Chiwongolerocho chimalumikizidwa ndi chiwongolero pogwiritsa ntchito shaft yapakati. Tsegulani zomangira zakumapeto kwa shaft ya gearbox.
   

   Kuti muchotse chiwongolero chowongolera, muyenera kumasula kutsekeka kwa shaft kumakina apakati.
5. Ma gearbox amamangidwa ndi ma bolt atatu pathupi. Chotsani zomangira za 3, chotsani zomangira ndikuchotsa zida zowongolera mgalimoto. Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa msonkhano, ndi bwino kutembenuza bipod mpaka mu thupi lazanja.
   

   Chiwongolero chowongolera chimamangiriridwa ndi membala wam'mbali mwagalimoto ndi mabawuti atatu.

Video: m'malo ndime chiwongolero chitsanzo VAZ 2106

M'malo chiwongolero ndime VAZ 2106

Momwe mungatsegule gearbox

Pamene makinawo amachotsedwa m'galimoto, mukhoza kuyamba kusokoneza.

Tsatanetsatane wa crankcase ya makina owongolera: 1 - crankcase; 2 - chimfine; 3 - chivundikiro chochepa cha crankcase; 4 - masamba; 5 - mphete yakunja ya mphutsi yonyamula; 6 - olekanitsa ndi mipira; 7 - bipod shaft; 8 - kukonza screw; 9 - kukonza mbale; 10 - loko wochapira; 11 - tsinde la nyongolotsi; 12 - chivundikiro chapamwamba cha crankcase; 13 - kusindikiza gasket; 14 - manja a bipod shaft; 15 - chisindikizo cha shaft mphutsi; 16 - chisindikizo cha bipod shaft

Kuchokera pazida zomwe muyenera kukonzekera:

• makonda ofanana;
• mutu kwa 30;
• chokoka bipod;
• wachiwiri.

Ntchitoyi ikuchitika motere:

1. Mtedza wa bipod umachotsedwa ndipo ndodo imakanikizidwa kuchokera pamtengo ndi chokoka.
   

   Kuti muchotse bipod, masulani nati ndikusindikiza ndodoyo ndi chokoka
2. Chotsani pulagi yodzaza mafuta, tsitsani mafutawo mu crankcase, kenako masulani nati yosinthira ndikuchotsa chochapira loko.
3. Chophimba chapamwamba chimamangiriridwa ndi mabawuti 4 - masulani.
   

   Kuti muchotse chivundikiro chapamwamba, masulani mabawu 4
4. Chomangira chosinthira chimachotsedwa pa shaft ya bipod, ndiye chivundikirocho chimachotsedwa.
   

   Kuti muchotse chivundikirocho, muyenera kuchotsa shaft ya bipod pa screw screw
5. Chombo chokokera ndi chodzigudubuza chimachotsedwa mu bokosi la gear.
   

   Kuchokera m'nyumba ya gearbox timachotsa shaft ya bipod ndi roller
6. Tsegulani zomangira za chivundikiro cha zida za nyongolotsi ndikuzichotsa pamodzi ndi shimu.
   

   Kuti muchotse chivundikiro cha shaft ya nyongolotsi, masulani zomangira zofananira ndikuchotsa gawolo limodzi ndi ma gaskets.
7. Ndi nyundo, mikwingwirima yopepuka imayikidwa pa shaft ya nyongolotsi ndikugundidwa ndi chiwongolero kuchokera ku nyumba yowongolera. Kumapeto kwa shaft ya nyongolotsi kumakhala ndi ma grooves apadera onyamula.
   

   Mphepete mwa nyongolotsi imakanikizidwa ndi nyundo, pambuyo pake imachotsedwa m'nyumba pamodzi ndi mayendedwe
8. Chotsani chosindikizira chaworm shaft pochipukuta ndi screwdriver. Momwemonso, chisindikizo cha bipod shaft chimachotsedwa.
   

   Chisindikizo cha gearbox chimachotsedwa ndikuchipukuta ndi screwdriver.
9. Mothandizidwa ndi adaputala, mpikisano wakunja wa kubereka kwachiwiri ukugwedezeka.
   

   Kuti muchotse mtundu wakunja wa kubera, mudzafunika chida choyenera

Pambuyo disassembling zida chiwongolero, kuchita mavuto ake. Zinthu zonse zimatsukidwa kale ndikutsuka mumafuta a dizilo. Gawo lirilonse limawunikidwa mosamala kuti liwonongeke, kugoletsa, kuvala. Chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa ku malo opaka a mphutsi ndi chodzigudubuza. Kuzungulira kwa ma bearings kuyenera kukhala kopanda kumamatira. Pasakhale kuwonongeka kapena zizindikiro za kutha kwa mitundu yakunja, olekanitsa ndi mipira. Nyumba ya gearbox yokha siyenera kukhala ndi ming'alu. Zigawo zonse zomwe zikuwonetsa zowoneka bwino ziyenera kusinthidwa.

Zisindikizo zamafuta, mosasamala kanthu za mkhalidwe wawo, zimasinthidwa ndi zatsopano.

Assembly ndi kukhazikitsa kwa gearbox

Pamene kusintha kwa zinthu zolakwika kwachitika, mukhoza kupitiriza ndi msonkhano wa msonkhano. Zigawo zomwe zimayikidwa mkati mwa crankcase ndizopaka mafuta a gear. Assembly ikuchitika motere:

1. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyundo ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono kapena kachipangizo kena koyenera, kanikizani mpikisano wamkati munyumba yolumikizirana.
   

   Mpikisano wonyamula mkati umakanikizidwa ndi nyundo ndi pang'ono.
2. Cholekanitsa chokhala ndi mipira chimayikidwa mu khola, komanso shaft mphutsi. Khola la chimbalangondo chakunja chimayikidwa pamenepo ndipo mpikisano wakunja umakanikizidwa.
   

   Pambuyo poyika shaft ya nyongolotsi ndi kubereka kwakunja, mtundu wakunja umakanikizidwa.
3. Kwezani chivundikirocho ndi ma gaskets ndikusindikiza mu zisindikizo za shaft nyongolotsi ndi bipod. Mafuta ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mphepete mwa ma cuffs.
4. Mphepete mwa mphutsi imayikidwa mu nyumba ya makina. Mothandizidwa ndi shims, makokedwe ake kasinthasintha wakhazikitsidwa 2 mpaka 5 kgf * cm.
5. Ikani chingwe chachifupi chokoka.
6. Kumapeto kwa ntchitoyo, mafuta amatsanuliridwa muzitsulo zowongolera ndipo pulagi imakulungidwa.

Kuyika kwa node pamakina kumachitika motsatira dongosolo.

Video: momwe mungasankhire ndikusonkhanitsa zida zowongolera za VAZ

Kuchotsa msonkhano wa zida zowongolera za VAZ.

Kusintha kwa magawo

Kusintha kwa chiwongolero cha gearbox pa VAZ 2107 kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene chiwongolero chakhala chovuta kusinthasintha, kupanikizana kwawonekera panthawi yozungulira, kapena pamene chiwongolero chimasunthidwa pa olamulira ndi mawilo omwe ali nawo.

Kuti musinthe chiwongolero, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi chinthu chiti chomwe chimayambitsa chiyani.

Kuti musinthe chiwongolerocho, mudzafunika wothandizira, komanso kiyi 19 ndi screwdriver. Ndondomeko ikuchitika motere:

1. Makinawa amaikidwa pamalo osalala opingasa okhala ndi mawilo akutsogolo.
2. Tsegulani hood, yeretsani zida zowongolera kuti zisaipitsidwe. Zosinthazo zimakhala pamwamba pa chivundikiro cha crankcase ndipo zimatetezedwa ndi pulagi yapulasitiki, yomwe imachotsedwa ndi screwdriver ndikuchotsedwa.
   

   Musanayambe kusintha gearbox, chotsani pulagi ya pulasitiki
3. Chosinthacho chimakhazikitsidwa ndi nati yapadera kuchokera ku unscrewing modzidzimutsa, yomwe imamasulidwa ndi kiyi ya 19.
   

   Pofuna kupewa wononga zosintha kuti zisatuluke zokha, mtedza wapadera umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Wothandizirayo akuyamba kusinthasintha mwamphamvu chiwongolero kumanja ndi kumanzere, ndipo munthu wachiwiri amakwaniritsa malo omwe akufunidwa pagulu la zida ndi chowongolera. Chiwongolero pankhaniyi chiyenera kuzungulira mosavuta komanso kukhala ndi masewera ochepa aulere.
   

   Kusintha kumachitika potembenuza screwdriver ndi screwdriver.
5. Kusintha kukamalizidwa, gwirani wononga ndi screwdriver ndikumangitsa nati.

Video: kusintha chiwongolero msonkhano VAZ 2107

Kusintha zida chiwongolero pa Vaz 2107-2101

Mafuta a gearbox

Kuti muchepetse kukangana kwa zinthu zamkati za chiwongolero, mafuta a giya GL-4, GL-5 okhala ndi kalasi ya viscosity ya SAE75W90, SAE80W90 kapena SAE85W90 amatsanuliridwa. Mwachikale, chifukwa cha mfundoyi, eni ake ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta a TAD-17. Voliyumu yodzaza ya gearbox pa VAZ 2107 ndi 0,215 malita.

Kuwona mafuta

Pofuna kupewa kulephera msanga kwa mbali za makinawo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana nthawi ndi nthawi mulingo wamafuta ndikuwusintha. Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti madzi a mu gearbox, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono, akutuluka, ndipo kutayikira kumachitika mosasamala kanthu kuti ndime yatsopano yaikidwa kapena yakale. Kuwunika kwa mlingo kumachitidwa motere:

1. Ndi kiyi 8, masulani pulagi yodzaza.
   

   Pulagi yodzaza ndi yotsegulidwa ndi kiyi ya 8
2. Pogwiritsa ntchito screwdriver kapena chida china, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu crankcase. Mulingo wabwinobwino uyenera kukhala m'mphepete mwa dzenje lodzaza.
   

   Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu gearbox, screwdriver kapena chida china ndi choyenera
3. Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezerani mafutawo ndi syringe mpaka atayamba kutuluka mu dzenje lodzaza.
4. Mangitsani pulagi ndikupukuta zida zowongolera kuchokera ku smudges.

Momwe mungasinthire mafuta a gear

Ponena za kusintha mafuta paziwongolero, njirayi iyenera kuchitika kamodzi pazaka ndi theka. Ngati chisankho chinapangidwa kuti musinthe mafuta, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungachitire. Kuphatikiza pa mafuta atsopano, mudzafunika ma syringe awiri a voliyumu yayikulu kwambiri (yogulidwa ku pharmacy) ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono ka washer. Ndondomeko ikuchitika motere:

1. Pulagi yodzaza imachotsedwa ndi kiyi, chidutswa cha chubu chimayikidwa pa syringe, mafuta akale amakokedwa ndikutsanuliridwa mu chidebe chokonzekera.
   

   Mafuta akale amachotsedwa pachiwongolero ndi syringe
2. Ndi syringe yachiwiri, mafuta atsopano amatsanuliridwa mu gearbox mpaka pamlingo womwe mukufuna, pamene tikulimbikitsidwa kutembenuza chiwongolero.
   

   Mafuta atsopano amakokedwa mu syringe, kenako amatsanuliridwa mu gearbox
3. Pewani pulagi ndikupukuta mafuta omwe adatsalira.

Kanema: Kusintha mafuta mu zida zapamwamba zowongolera

Kusintha mafuta mu giya chiwongolero pa Vaz 2107-2101

Ngakhale mapangidwe ovuta a GXNUMX chiwongolero limagwirira, aliyense mwini galimoto akhoza kuchita zodzitetezera kukonza, kukonza kapena m'malo msonkhano. Chifukwa kukonzanso ndi khalidwe zizindikiro za kulephera mu limagwirira. Ngati magawo apezeka ndi kuwonongeka kowonekera, ayenera kusinthidwa mosalephera. Popeza chiwongolero ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zagalimoto, zochita zonse ziyenera kuchitika mosamalitsa.