Nazario Sauro

Maboti a Torpedo amtundu wa PN, imodzi mwa mndandanda wapambuyo pake, adawerengedwa kuchokera pa 64 mpaka 69. Zombo zomwe Sauro nthawi zambiri ankakhala ngati woyendetsa zinali pafupifupi zofanana. Zithunzi za Lucy

Sitima yapamadzi ya Nazario Sauro, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali ku Marina Militara, yakhala imodzi mwazokopa alendo apanyanja ku Genoa kuyambira 2009 - idakhazikika padziwe pafupi ndi nyumba yosungiramo Maritime Museum (Galata Museo del mare), ndi yake. chiwonetsero chachikulu. Monga wachiwiri mu zombo za ku Italy, ali ndi dzina ndi dzina la munthu wosadziwika yemwe anagwidwa zaka 102 zapitazo chifukwa cha ntchito yomenyana yomwe sinapambane, ndipo posakhalitsa anaima pa scaffold.

Kulengedwa kwa United Kingdom of Italy, yomwe inalengezedwa mu March 1861, inali sitepe yopita ku mgwirizano wathunthu - mu 1866, chifukwa cha nkhondo ina ndi Austria, Venice adalowa nawo, ndipo patatha zaka 4, kugonjetsedwa kwa Roma kunathetsa Apapa. Mayiko. M'malire a mayiko oyandikana nawo munali madera ang'onoang'ono kapena akuluakulu omwe anthu ake ankalankhula Chitaliyana, otchedwa "mayiko osamasulidwa" (terreirdente). Othandizira ofika patali kwambiri omwe adalowa nawo dziko lawo adaganiza za Corsica ndi Malta, odziwa zenizeni adangotengera zomwe zingatengedwe ku Habsburgs. Pokhudzana ndi kuyanjana kwamalingaliro ndi a Republican, kusintha kwa mapangano (mu 1882, Italy, pokhudzana ndi kulandidwa kwa Tunisia ndi France, kunamaliza mgwirizano wachinsinsi ndi Austria-Hungary ndi Germany) ndi zilakolako zautsamunda za Roma, osavomerezeka. anayamba kuvutitsa. Ngakhale kusowa thandizo kapena mapangano apolisi kuchokera kwa "awo" anthu, iwo analibe mavuto aakulu kupeza thandizo mbali ina ya malire, makamaka Adriatic. Iwo sanasunthe kwa zaka zambiri, koma Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko Lonse inakulitsa Italy powononga Trieste, Gorizia, Zara (Zadar), Fiume (Rijeka) ndi chilumba cha Istrian. Pankhani ya chigawo chotsirizira cha Nazario, Sauro anakhala munthu wophiphiritsa.

Chiyambi cha njira

Istria, chilumba chachikulu kwambiri cha Nyanja ya Adriatic, idakhala yayitali kwambiri m'mbiri yake yandale pansi paulamuliro wa Venetian Republic - yoyamba, mu 1267, inali doko lophatikizidwa mwalamulo la Parenzo (tsopano Porec, Croatia), ndikutsatiridwa ndi mizinda ina gombe. Madera amkati ozungulira Pazin yamakono (Chijeremani: Mitterburg, Chitaliyana: Pisino) anali a ambuye aku Germany kenako achifumu a Habsburg. Pansi pa Pangano la Campio Formio (1797), ndiyeno chifukwa cha kugwa kwa Ufumu wa Napoleon, peninsula yonse idalowamo. Chisankho cha 1859 kuti Pola, yomwe ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Istria, idzakhala maziko akuluakulu a zombo za ku Austria, zomwe zinachititsa kuti doko liwonongeke (linakhala malo akuluakulu opangira zombo) ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa njanji. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kupanga malasha m'migodi ya m'deralo kunakula kwambiri (miyendo yoyamba inakumbidwa zaka mazana angapo m'mbuyomo), ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma depositi a bauxite kunayamba. Akuluakulu a ku Vienna adatsutsa kuti n'zotheka kuti dziko la Italy lilande peninsula, powona ogwirizana nawo ku Croatia ndi Slovene nationalists, akuimira anthu osauka ochokera kumidzi, makamaka kum'maŵa kwa dera.

Tsogolo ngwazi dziko anabadwa September 20, 1880 mu Kapodistria (tsopano Koper, Slovenia), doko mu Gulf of Trieste, m'munsi mwa chilumba. Makolo ake anachokera m’mabanja amene anakhala kuno kwa zaka mazana ambiri. Bambo ake, Giacomo, anali woyendetsa ngalawa, choncho mkazi wake Anna anasamalira anawo, ndipo zinali kuchokera kwa iye kuti mwana wamwamuna yekhayo (analinso ndi mwana wamkazi) anamva pa mpata uliwonse kuti dziko lakwawo lenileni limayamba kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Trieste yapafupi, yomwe. , monga Istria ayenera kukhala gawo la Italy.

Atamaliza sukulu ya pulayimale, Nazario analowa sukulu ya sekondale, koma ankakonda maulendo a ngalawa kapena mpikisano wamabwato kuti aziphunzira. Atalowa m'gulu la Circolo Canottieri Libertas, kalabu yakupalasa yosadziwika bwino komweko, malingaliro ake adakhazikika ndipo malingaliro ake adatsika. Izi zili choncho, Giacomo adaganiza kuti mwana wake amalize maphunziro ake m'kalasi yachiwiri ndikuyamba kugwira naye ntchito. Mu 1901, Nazario adakhala kapitawo ndikukwatira, pasanathe chaka chimodzi adakhala ndi mwana wake woyamba, dzina lake Nino, polemekeza m'modzi.

ndi anzake a Garibaldi.

Chakumapeto kwa 1905, atayenda panyanja ya Mediterranean kuchokera ku France kupita ku Turkey, Sauro anamaliza maphunziro ake ku Naval Academy of Trieste, atapambana mayeso a captain. Iye anali “woyamba pambuyo pa Mulungu” pa sitima zapamadzi zochoka ku Cassiopeia kupita ku Sebeniko (Sibenik). Nthawi yonseyi anali kukumana nthawi zonse ndi irredentists ku Istria, ndipo maulendo opita ku Ravenna, Ancona, Bari ndi Chioggia anali mwayi wokumana ndi anthu a ku Italy. Anakhala wa Republican ndipo, atakhumudwitsidwa ndi kukana kwa asosholisti kunkhondo, anayamba kugawana maganizo a Giuseppe Mazzini kuti mkangano waukulu wosapeŵeka udzabweretsa ku Ulaya kwa mayiko omasuka ndi odziimira okha. Mu July 1907, pamodzi ndi mamembala ena a gulu lopalasa, iye anakonza chiwonetsero cha zaka 100 za kubadwa kwa Garibaldi, umene unachitika ku Kapodistria ndipo, chifukwa cha mawu otchulidwa, anatanthauza chilango kwa ophunzira ake. Kwa zaka zingapo, kuyambira mu 1908, pamodzi ndi gulu la achibale ake, iye ankazembetsa zida ndi zida zankhondo zomenyera ufulu wodzilamulira ku Albania pazombo zosiyanasiyana. Mwana wake womaliza, yemwe anabadwa mu 1914, analandira dzina limeneli. Mayina a ena, Anita (pambuyo pa mkazi wa Giuseppe Garibaldi), Libero ndi Italo, nawonso anachokera ku zikhulupiriro zake:

Mu 1910, Sauro adakhala woyang'anira bwato la San Giusto pakati pa Capodistria ndi Trieste. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, bwanamkubwa wa m’deralo analamula kuti mabungwe a boma ndi mabizinesi a ku Istria azingolemba anthu olemba anzawo ntchito a Franz Josef I. amene ankayenera kulipira chindapusa ndipo anatopa mu June 1914, n’kumuchotsa ntchito. Ndikoyenera kuwonjezera apa kuti kuyambira ali wamng'ono, Nazario adasiyanitsidwa ndi khalidwe lachiwawa, kusandulika kukhala wothamanga, kumalire ndi adventurism. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kulunjika kwake ndi chinenero chosayenera, chinali chisakanizo chochititsa manyazi, chongokhala pang'ono chabe chifukwa cha kuseketsa kodzichepetsera, zomwe zinakhudzanso maubwenzi ake ndi oyendetsa ndege ndi mameneja a mizere ya zombo zotsutsana.

Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itangoyamba, kuchiyambi kwa September, Sauro anachoka ku Kapodistria. Ku Venice, komwe anasamuka ndi mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu, adachita kampeni kuti Italy atenge mbali ya Entente. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapasipoti onyenga, iye ndi Nino adatenganso zinthu zabodza kupita ku Trieste ndikukazonda kumeneko. Ntchito zanzeru sizinali zachilendo kwa iye - zaka zambiri asanasamuke ku Venice, adakumana ndi wachiwiri kwa kazembe wa ku Italy, yemwe adamupatsa chidziwitso chokhudza kayendetsedwe ka zombo zachifumu ndi mipanda yake.

Lieutenant Sauro

Patangopita nthawi yochepa Nazario ndi Nino atasamukira ku Venice, m'dzinja la 1914, akuluakulu a boma ku Roma, akulengeza kuti akufuna kusalowerera ndale, anayamba kukambirana ndi magulu omenyana kuti "agulitse" mtengo wake. The Entente, pogwiritsa ntchito zachinyengo zachuma, anapereka zambiri, ndipo pa April 26, 1915, mgwirizano wachinsinsi unasaina ku London, malinga ndi zomwe Italy inayenera kupita kumbali yake mkati mwa mwezi umodzi - mtengo unali lonjezo kuti pambuyo pa nkhondo. bwenzi latsopano lidzawonekera. pezani, mwa ena, Trieste ndi Istria.

Pa May 23, anthu a ku Italy adasunga mgwirizano wawo polengeza nkhondo pa Austria-Hungary. Masiku aŵiri m’mbuyomo, Sauro anadzipereka kutumikira m’gulu lankhondo la Royal Navy (Regia Marina) ndipo analandiridwa mwamsanga, nakwezedwa kukhala mkulu wa asilikali ndi kutumizidwa ku gulu la asilikali la Venice. Iye anali atatenga nawo mbali mu ntchito nkhondo yoyamba monga woyendetsa pa wowononga Bersagliere, amene, pamodzi ndi mapasa ake Corazsiere, anaphimba Zeffiro pamene yotsirizira, maola awiri pakati pa usiku pa 23/24 May, analowa m'madzi a Grado lagoon. m'chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Gulf of Trieste ndipo kumeneko iye anapezerapo torpedo molunjika mpanda mu Porto Buzo, ndiyeno kuwombera pa nyumba za asilikali a mfumu.