Mphamvu ya batri yagalimoto

Zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za batri ndi mphamvu yake, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kachulukidwe ka electrolyte. Ubwino wa ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho zimadalira iwo. M'galimoto, batire imapereka chiwongolero chamagetsi kwa choyambira kuti iyambitse injini ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zamagetsi pakafunika. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa magawo ogwiritsira ntchito batri yanu ndikusunga magwiridwe ake ndikofunikira kuti galimoto yanu ikhale yabwino yonse.

Mphamvu yamagetsi

Choyamba, tiyeni tione tanthauzo la mawu akuti "voltage". Ndipotu, ichi ndi "kukakamiza" kwa ma electron omwe amaperekedwa, opangidwa ndi gwero lamakono, kupyolera mu dera (waya). Ma electron amagwira ntchito yothandiza (mababu amagetsi, ma aggregates, etc.). Yezerani mphamvu yamagetsi mu volts.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito multimeter kuyeza mphamvu ya batri. Ma probe okhudzana ndi chipangizochi amayikidwa pazigawo za batri. Mwambiri, voteji ndi 12V. Mphamvu yeniyeni ya batire iyenera kukhala pakati pa 12,6V ndi 12,7V.

Ziwerengerozi zitha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira komanso nthawi yoyesera. Mutangotha ​​kulipira, chipangizochi chikhoza kusonyeza 13 V - 13,2 V. Ngakhale kuti makhalidwe amenewa amaonedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka. Kuti mupeze deta yolondola, muyenera kudikirira ola limodzi kapena awiri mutatsitsa.

Ngati magetsi atsika pansi pa 12 volts, izi zikuwonetsa batire yakufa. Mtengo wa voliyumu ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zitha kufananizidwa molingana ndi tebulo lotsatirali.

Mphamvu yamagetsi, volt	Digiri ya katundu,%
12,6 +	zana
12,5	90
12.42	80
12.32	70
12.20	60
12.06	makumi asanu
11,9	40
11,75	makumi atatu
11.58	makumi awiri
11.31	10
10,5	0

Monga tikuwonera patebulo, voteji pansi pa 12V ikuwonetsa kutulutsa kwa 50% kwa batri. Batire likufunika kulipiritsa mwachangu. Ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti panthawi yotulutsidwa, njira ya sulfation ya mbale imachitika. Kuchuluka kwa electrolyte kumatsika. Asidi wa sulfuriki amawola pochita nawo mankhwala. Mtsogoleri wa sulphate amapanga pa mbale. Kulipira panthawi yake kumayambira njira ina. Ngati mulola kutulutsa kwakukulu, zidzakhala zovuta kutsitsimutsa batri. Idzalephera kwathunthu kapena kutaya mphamvu zake kwambiri.

Mphamvu yocheperako yomwe batire imatha kugwira ntchito ndi 11,9 volts.

Yodzaza ndi kutsitsa

Ngakhale pamagetsi otsika, batire imatha kuyambitsa injini. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti pambuyo pake jenereta imapereka kulipiritsa kwa batri. Poyambitsa injini, batire imapereka zambiri zamakono kwa oyambitsa ndipo mwadzidzidzi amataya ndalama. Ngati batire ili mu dongosolo, mtengowo umabwezeretsedwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala wabwinobwino mumasekondi a 5.

Mphamvu ya batire yatsopano iyenera kukhala pakati pa 12,6 ndi 12,9 volts, koma izi sizimawonetsa nthawi zonse momwe batire ilili. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala zopanda pake, pakalibe ogula olumikizidwa, voliyumu imakhala m'malire oyenera, ndipo pansi pa katunduyo imatsika kwambiri ndipo katunduyo amatha msanga. Ziyenera kukhala.

Choncho, miyeso ikuchitika pansi pa katundu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo monga foloko yonyamula katundu. Mayesowa akuwonetsa ngati batire yayimitsidwa kapena ayi.

Socket imakhala ndi voltmeter, ma probe olumikizirana ndi koyilo yolipira m'nyumba. Chipangizocho chimapanga kukana komwe kuli kowirikiza kawiri mphamvu ya batri, kuyerekezera poyambira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphamvu ya batri ndi 50Ah, ndiye kuti chipangizocho chimalipira batire mpaka 100A. Chinthu chachikulu ndikusankha resistor yoyenera. Pamwamba pa 100 A muyenera kulumikiza ma koyilo awiri okana kuti muwerenge molondola.

Miyezo ya katundu imachitidwa ndi batire yodzaza kwathunthu. Chipangizocho chimachitikira kwa masekondi a 5, ndiye zotsatira zake zimalembedwa. Pansi pa katundu, magetsi amatsika. Ngati batire ili bwino, imatsika mpaka 10 volts ndikubwerera pang'onopang'ono mpaka 12,4 volts kapena kupitilira apo. Ngati voteji ikutsikira ku 9V kapena kuchepera, ndiye kuti batire silikulipira ndipo ndi lolakwika. Ngakhale mutatha kulipiritsa imatha kuwonetsa zabwinobwino za 12,4V ndi kupitilira apo.

Mphamvu ya Electrolyte

Mphamvu yamagetsi imawonetsanso kuchuluka kwa electrolyte. Electrolyte yokha ndi yosakaniza 35% sulfuric acid ndi 65% madzi osungunuka. Tanena kale kuti pakutha, kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid kumachepa. Kukwera kumatuluka, kumachepetsanso kachulukidwe. Zizindikiro izi ndi zogwirizana.

Hydrometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte ndi zakumwa zina. Mu chikhalidwe chachibadwa, pamene mokwanira mlandu 12,6V - 12,7V ndi kutentha mpweya 20-25 ° C, osalimba a electrolyte ayenera kukhala mkati 1,27g / cm3 - 1,28g / cm3.

Gome lotsatirali likuwonetsa kachulukidwe ndi mulingo wacharge.

Kuchuluka kwa Electrolyte, g / cm3	Mulingo woyang'anira,%
1,27 - 1,28	zana
1,25	95
1,24	90
1,23	80
1,21	70
1,20	60
1.19	makumi asanu
1,17	40
1,16	makumi atatu
1.14	makumi awiri
1.13	10

Kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe, m'pamenenso batire imasamva kuzizira kwambiri. M'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri, kumene kutentha kumatsika mpaka -30 ° C ndi pansi, kuchuluka kwa electrolyte kumawonjezeka kufika 1,30 g / cm3 powonjezera sulfuric acid. Kachulukidwe amatha kuonjezedwa mpaka 1,35 g/cm3. Ngati ili pamwamba, asidi amayamba kuwononga mbale ndi zigawo zina.

Grafu yomwe ili pansipa ikuwonetsa kuwerengera kwa hydrometer pa kutentha kosiyanasiyana:

Kuwerengera kwa Hydrometer pa kutentha kosiyana

Nthawi yachisanu

M’nyengo yozizira, madalaivala ambiri amaona kuti pamene kutentha kumatsika, zimakhala zovuta kuyambitsa injini. Batire imasiya kugwira ntchito mokwanira. Madalaivala ena amachotsa batire usiku wonse ndikusiya kutentha. M'malo mwake, akamangirira mokwanira, magetsi samatsika, koma amakweranso.

Kutentha koipa kumakhudza kachulukidwe ka electrolyte ndi thupi lake. Batire likamangika bwino, batire imalekerera chisanu mosavuta, koma kachulukidwe kake kakachepa, madzi amakula ndipo electrolyte imatha kuzizira. Njira za electrochemical zimachitika pang'onopang'ono.

Pa -10 ° C -15 ° C, batire yoyendetsedwa imatha kuwonetsa 12,9 V. Izi ndizabwinobwino.

Pa -30 ° C, mphamvu ya batri imachepetsedwa kukhala theka la mtengo wadzina. Magetsi amatsikira ku 12,4 V pa kachulukidwe ka 1,28 g/cm3. Kuphatikiza apo, batire imasiya kulipiritsa kuchokera pa jenereta kale pa -25 ° C.

Monga mukuwonera, kutentha koyipa kumatha kukhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a batri.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, batire yamadzimadzi imatha zaka 5-7. M'nyengo yotentha, kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte ndi kachulukidwe ka electrolyte ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kamodzi pa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse. M'nyengo yozizira, pafupifupi kutentha kwa -10 ° C, katunduyo ayenera kufufuzidwa kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu. Mu chisanu -25 ° C-35 ° C, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muwonjezere batire kamodzi masiku asanu aliwonse, ngakhale paulendo wokhazikika.