Pressure tank - njanji, chowongolera kukakamiza, crankshaft ndi kuthamanga kwa camshaft ndi sensor ya kutentha

Tanki yamafuta othamanga kwambiri (njanji - jekeseni wogawa - njanji)

Imakhala ngati mafuta othanizira kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo imachepetsa kusinthasintha kwakanthawi (kusinthasintha) komwe kumachitika mpope wamagetsi utulutsa mafuta ndikutsegula ndikutseka ma jakisoni nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kukhala ndi voliyumu yokwanira yochepetsera kusinthaku, mbali inayo, voliyumu iyi siyiyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri kuti ipangitse kupsinjika kosalekeza koyenera mutayamba kuyambitsa kopanda mavuto ndi injini. Kuwerengetsa koyeserera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhathamiritsa kuchuluka kwake. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta obayidwa muzipilala nthawi zonse kumadzazidwanso munjanji chifukwa cha mafuta ochokera pampu yamagetsi. Kupanikizika kwamafuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa zomwe zasungidwa. Ngati mafuta ambiri atulutsidwa munjanji, kupsinjika kumangokhala kosalekeza.

Ntchito ina ya thanki kuthamanga - njanji - ndi kupereka mafuta kwa majekeseni a masilindala payekha. Mapangidwe a thanki ndi chifukwa cha kusagwirizana pakati pa zofunikira ziwiri zotsutsana: ili ndi mawonekedwe otalika (ozungulira kapena tubular) malinga ndi mapangidwe a injini ndi malo ake. Malingana ndi njira yopangira, tikhoza kugawa akasinja m'magulu awiri: opangidwa ndi laser welded. Mapangidwe awo ayenera kulola kuyika kwa sensa ya njanji ndi ma acc oletsa. valve control valve. Valve yowongolera imayang'anira kukakamiza kwa mtengo wofunikira, ndipo valavu yoletsa imachepetsa kupanikizika kokha pamtengo wovomerezeka wovomerezeka. Mafuta oponderezedwa amaperekedwa kudzera mumzere wothamanga kwambiri kudzera munjira. Kenako imagawidwa kuchokera m'madzi kupita ku mphuno, ndi mphuno iliyonse imakhala ndi kalozera wake.

1 - thanki yothamanga kwambiri (njanji), 2 - magetsi kuchokera pampopi yothamanga kwambiri, 3 - sensor ya mafuta, 4 - valve yotetezera, 5 - kubwerera kwamafuta, 6 - cholepheretsa kutuluka, 7 - payipi kupita ku majekeseni.

Valavu yothandizira

Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, valavu yothandizira anzawo imachepetsa kukakamizidwa mpaka pamlingo wololeza. Valavu yoletsa kugwira ntchito imangogwira pamakina okha. Ili ndi kutsegula mbali yolumikizira njanji, yomwe imatsekedwa kumapeto kwa pisitoni pampando. Pakukakamiza, pisitoni imakanikizidwa pampando ndi kasupe. Mafuta akapanikizika kwambiri, mphamvu yamasika imapitilira ndipo pisitoni imakankhidwira pampando. Chifukwa chake, mafuta ochulukirachulukira amayenda kudzera m'mabowo otuluka kubwerera kumaulendo angapo ndikupita ku thanki yamafuta. Izi zimateteza chipangizocho ku chiwonongeko chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwakukulu pakakhala vuto. M'masinthidwe aposachedwa a valavu yoletsa, ntchito yadzidzidzi imaphatikizidwa, chifukwa chake kupsinjika kocheperako kumasungidwa ngakhale poti pali bowo lotseguka lotseguka, ndipo galimoto imatha kuyenda ndi zoletsa.

1 - njira yoperekera, 2 - valve ya cone, 3 - mabowo oyenda, 4 - pistoni, 5 - kasupe woponderezedwa, 6 - kuyimitsa, 7 - thupi la valve, 8 - kubwerera kwamafuta.

Kuletsa kuyenda

Chigawochi chimayikidwa pa tanki yoponderezedwa ndipo mafuta amayenda kudzera mu injectors. Nozzle iliyonse ili ndi choletsa chake chomwe chimatuluka. Cholinga cha choletsa kuyenda ndikuletsa kutayikira kwamafuta ngati jekeseni yalephera. Izi ndizochitika ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a imodzi mwa jekeseni kumaposa ndalama zovomerezeka zomwe zimapangidwa ndi wopanga. Mwamadongosolo, chowongolera chowongolera chimakhala ndi thupi lachitsulo lokhala ndi ulusi uwiri, imodzi yokwera pa thanki, ndi ina yoboola chitoliro champhamvu kupita ku nozzles. Pistoni yomwe ili mkati imakanizidwa ndi thanki yamafuta ndi kasupe. Amayesetsa zotheka kuti tchanelo chitseguke. Pamene jekeseni ikugwira ntchito, kuthamanga kumatsika, komwe kumayendetsa pisitoni kumalo otulukira, koma sikutseka kwathunthu. Pamene nozzle ikugwira ntchito bwino, kutsika kwapakati kumachitika pakapita nthawi, ndipo kasupe amabwezeretsa pisitoni pamalo ake oyambirira. Pakachitika vuto, mafuta akamaposa mtengo wokhazikika, kutsika kwapakati kumapitilira mpaka kupitilira mphamvu yamasika. Kenako pisitoni imapumira pampando kumbali yotulukira ndipo imakhalabe pamalopo mpaka injiniyo itasiya. Izi zimatseka mafuta operekera ku jekeseni wolephera ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa mafuta kosalamulirika mu chipinda choyaka moto. Komabe, mafuta oyendetsa mafuta amagwiranso ntchito pakagwa vuto pamene mafuta akutuluka pang'ono. Panthawiyi, pisitoni imabwerera, koma osati pamalo ake oyambirira, ndipo patapita nthawi - chiwerengero cha jekeseni chimafika pa chishalo ndikuyimitsa mafuta ku mphuno yowonongeka mpaka injiniyo itazimitsa.

1 - kugwirizana pachivundikiro, 2 - locking kulowetsa, 3 - pistoni, 4 - compression kasupe, 5 - nyumba, 6 - kugwirizana ndi jekeseni.

Mphamvu yamagetsi yamafuta

Sensa yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gawo lowongolera injini kuti lidziwe bwino kuthamanga kwanthawi yomweyo mu thanki yamafuta. Kutengera mtengo wa kukakamizidwa koyezera, sensor imapanga chizindikiro chamagetsi, chomwe chimawunikidwa ndi gawo lowongolera. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la sensa ndi diaphragm, yomwe ili kumapeto kwa njira yoperekera ndipo imakanizidwa ndi mafuta omwe amaperekedwa. Chigawo cha semiconductor chimayikidwa pa nembanemba ngati chinthu chozindikira. Chomverera chimakhala ndi zopinga zotanuka zomwe zimatenthedwa pa diaphragm polumikizana ndi mlatho. Kuyeza kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi makulidwe a diaphragm (kukhuthala kwa diaphragm, kukwezeka kwamphamvu). Kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kwa nembanemba kumapangitsa kuti ipindike (pafupifupi 20-50 ma micrometer pa 150 MPa) ndipo motero kusintha kukana kwa zotanuka zopinga. Pamene kukana kumasintha, mphamvu yamagetsi mu dera imasintha kuchokera ku 0 mpaka 70 mV. Vutoli limakulitsidwa mumayendedwe owunikira mpaka 0,5 mpaka 4,8 V. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya sensor ndi 5 V. Mwachidule, chinthu ichi chimatembenuza mapindikidwe kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi, chomwe chimasinthidwa - kukulitsa ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amapita. ku gawo lowongolera kuti liwunikire, pomwe kuthamanga kwamafuta kumawerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosungidwa. Pakakhala kupatuka, imayendetsedwa ndi valve yoletsa kuthamanga. Kupanikizika kumakhala pafupifupi kosalekeza komanso kopanda katundu ndi liwiro.

1 - kugwirizana kwa magetsi, 2 - dera loyesa, 3 - diaphragm yokhala ndi sensing element, 4 - high pressure fit, 5 - kukwera ulusi.

Mafuta owongolera mphamvu - valavu yowongolera

Monga tanenera kale, m'pofunika kusunga kupanikizika kosalekeza mu thanki yamafuta, mosasamala kanthu za katundu, kuthamanga kwa injini, ndi zina zotero. mafuta owonjezera amawongolera mzere wobwerera ku thanki yamafuta. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati kuthamanga kwa thanki yamafuta kutsika, valavu imatseka ndipo pampu imapanga mphamvu yofunikira yamafuta. Makina owongolera mafuta amapezeka pampopi ya jakisoni kapena pa tanki yamafuta. Valve yowongolera imagwira ntchito m'njira ziwiri, valavu imayatsidwa kapena kutsekedwa. Mu mawonekedwe osagwira ntchito, solenoid sichimapatsidwa mphamvu ndipo motero solenoid ilibe mphamvu. Mpira wa valve umakanikizidwa pampando kokha ndi mphamvu ya kasupe, kuuma kwake komwe kumafanana ndi kupanikizika kwa pafupifupi 10 MPa, komwe ndiko kutsegula kwa mafuta. Ngati voteji yamagetsi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa koyilo yamagetsi - yapano, imayamba kuchitapo kanthu pankhondo pamodzi ndi kasupe ndikutseka valavu chifukwa cha kukanikiza mpira. Valavu imatseka mpaka malire afikira pakati pa mphamvu zamafuta pa dzanja limodzi ndi solenoid ndi kasupe mbali inayo. Kenako imatsegula ndikusunga kupanikizika kosalekeza pamlingo womwe ukufunidwa. Chigawo chowongolera chimayankha kusintha kwamphamvu komwe kumachitika, kumbali imodzi, ndi kusinthasintha kwamafuta omwe amaperekedwa komanso kuchotsedwa kwa ma nozzles, potsegula valavu yowongolera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuti musinthe kupanikizika, panopa pang'ono kapena zambiri zimayenda kudzera mu solenoid (zochita zake zimawonjezeka kapena zimachepa), motero mpirawo umakankhidwira pang'onopang'ono pampando wa valve. Sinjanji yodziwika bwino ya m'badwo woyamba idagwiritsa ntchito valavu yowongolera kuthamanga kwa DRV1, m'badwo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu valavu ya DRV2 kapena DRV3 imayikidwa limodzi ndi chipangizo choyezera. Chifukwa cha malamulo a magawo awiri, pali kutentha pang'ono kwa mafuta, komwe sikufuna kuzizira kowonjezera muzowonjezera zowonjezera mafuta.

1 - valavu ya mpira, 2 - zida za solenoid, 3 - solenoid, 4 - masika.

Masensa otentha

Masensa otentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kutentha kwa injini kutengera kutentha kozizira, kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa mpweya, kutentha kwamafuta mu injini yamafuta, ndi kutentha kwamafuta pamzere wamafuta. Njira yoyesera ya masensa awa ndikusintha kwamphamvu kwamagetsi komwe kumadza chifukwa chakukwera kwanyengo. Mphamvu yawo yamagetsi ya 5 V imasinthidwa ndikusintha kukana, kenako ndikusinthidwa kukhala chosinthira cha digito kuchokera pa siginecha ya analogi kupita ku sigito ya digito. Kenako mbendera imatumizidwa ku gawo lowongolera, lomwe limawerengera kutentha koyenera molingana ndi mawonekedwe omwe apatsidwa.

Crankshaft udindo ndi kachipangizo liwiro

Chojambulira ichi chimazindikira malo omwe ali komanso kuchuluka kwa injini pamphindi. Ndi cholumikizira cha Hall Hall chomwe chili pamtunda wa crankshaft. Chojambuliracho chimatumiza chizindikiritso chamagetsi pamagetsi oyang'anira, omwe amawunika kufunikira kwa magetsi amagetsi, mwachitsanzo, kuyambitsa (kapena kutha) jekeseni wamafuta, ndi zina zambiri. Ngati sensa sigwira ntchito, injini siyiyamba.

Malo a Camshaft ndi sensa yothamanga

Chojambulira chothamanga cha camshaft chimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi crankshaft speed sensor ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa pisitoni yomwe ili pamwamba pakufa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mudziwe nthawi yeniyeni yoyatsira injini zamafuta. Kuphatikiza apo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kutsika kwa lamba wanthawi kapena kudumpha kwa unyolo komanso poyambira injini, pomwe gawo lowongolera injini limazindikira kugwiritsa ntchito sensa iyi momwe makina onse a crank-coupling-piston amasinthira kwenikweni poyambira. Pankhani ya injini zokhala ndi VVT, njira yosinthira ma valve imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito. Injini ikhoza kukhalapo popanda sensa iyi, koma makina othamanga a crankshaft amafunikira, ndiyeno liwiro la camshaft ndi crankshaft limagawidwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2. Pankhani ya injini ya dizilo, sensor iyi imangogwira ntchito yoyambira pachiyambi. -up, kuwuza ECU (control unit), pistoni yomwe imakhala yoyamba pamwamba pakufa (yomwe pisitoni ili pa kupanikizika kapena kutulutsa mpweya pamene ikusunthira kumalo okwera akufa). pakati). Izi sizingakhale zoonekeratu kuchokera ku sensa ya crankshaft poyambira, koma injini ikugwira ntchito, chidziwitso cholandiridwa kuchokera ku sensayi ndichokwanira kale. Chifukwa cha izi, injini ya dizilo imadziwabe malo a pistoni ndi sitiroko, ngakhale sensa ya camshaft ikulephera. Ngati sensayi ikulephera, galimotoyo sidzayamba kapena idzatenga nthawi yaitali kuti iyambe. Monga vuto la kulephera kwa sensa pa crankshaft, apa nyali yochenjeza ya injini pagulu la zida imawunikira. Kawirikawiri otchedwa Hall sensa.