Theka lenileni kapena theka pafupifupi?

Iwo omwe ayamba kulowa mdziko laukadaulo waukadaulo komanso wa digito adzazindikira mwachangu kuti malire pakati pamalingaliro omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi osokonekera. Ichi mwina ndichifukwa chake lingaliro la zenizeni zosakanikirana likukhala lodziwika bwino - limawonetsa bwino tanthauzo la zomwe zikuchitika pankhaniyi.

Chowonadi chenicheni nthawi yamphamvu. Itha kufotokozedwa ngati gulu laukadaulo lomwe limalola anthu kuti azitha kulumikizana bwino ndi nkhokwe zapakompyuta za XNUMXD munthawi yeniyeni pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi luso lachilengedwe (kupenya, kumva, kukhudza, kununkhiza). Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mawonekedwe owonjezera mawonekedwe a makina a anthuzomwe zimalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuti adzilowetse m'malo opangidwa ndi makompyuta ndikuyanjana nawo mwachibadwa - zida zapadera zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti akwaniritse kumverera kwa kukhala mmenemo.

Zowona zenizeni ndizosiyana 3× i (kumiza, kuyanjana, kulingalira) - zomwe zachitika pakumiza ogwiritsa ntchito pamalo opangira digito. Ichi chikhoza kukhala chokumana nacho chaumwini, koma chikhoza kugawidwanso ndi ena.

Machitidwe oyambirira otengera lingaliro la VR anali opangidwa ndi makina ndipo adayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 60, akutsatiridwa ndi magetsi ndi zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito kanema, ndipo potsiriza makompyuta. M'chaka cha XNUMX kunali phokoso Sensola, kupereka mtundu wa 3D, kugwedezeka, fungo, phokoso la stereo, mphepo yamkuntho ndi zomverera zofanana. Mu mtundu wakale wa VR uwu, mutha, mwachitsanzo, "kudera lonse la Brooklyn." Komabe, kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "zenizeni zenizeni" adagwiritsidwa ntchito Charon Lanier mu 1986 ndipo amatanthauza dziko lopanga lopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu apadera ndi zina zowonjezera.

Kuchokera kumizidwa mpaka kuyanjana

Njira yosavuta ya VR ndiyomwe imatchedwa zenera ku dziko () - chowunikira chapamwamba (kapena stereograph) kuphatikiza zomveka zenizeni komanso zowongolera zapadera. Kapangidwe "ndi maso anga" () imalola wogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera wochita sewero ndikuwona dziko lapansi ndi maso ake. Kachitidwe kumizidwa pang'ono () imakhala ndi chisoti ndi magolovesi owongolera zinthu zenizeni. Kachitidwe kumizidwa kwathunthu () amagwiritsanso ntchito zovala zapadera zomwe zimawalola kuti asinthe ma siginecha kuchokera kudziko lapansi kukhala zokopa zomwe anthu amaziganizira.

Pomaliza, tifika ku lingaliro machitidwe azachilengedwe (). Kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kumizidwa mwa iwo kumadalira kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la zokopa zochokera kudziko lenileni ndi lenileni, zomwe timaziwona ndi mphamvu zathu. Chitsanzo ndi CAVE (), ndiko kuti, zipinda zonse zokhala ndi zowonetsera zapadera pamakoma, mawonekedwe ake omwe amapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta "kulowa" m'dziko lenileni ndikulimva ndi mphamvu zonse. Zithunzi ndi phokoso zimazungulira munthu kuchokera kumbali zonse, ndipo magulu onse amathanso "kumiza".

Zowona zenizeni pamwamba pa zinthu zenizeni za dziko lenileni. Zithunzi zowonetsedwa zimapereka chidziwitso chowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zathyathyathya ndi ma 3D omasulira. Zomwe zili mkati zimabwera kwa ife mwachindunji kudzera mu chiwonetsero chapadera, chomwe, komabe, sichilola kuyanjana. Odziwika bwino zitsanzo augmented zenizeni zipangizo ndi magalasi Google galasikulamulidwa ndi mawu, mabatani ndi manja. Yakhalanso yotchuka kwambiri posachedwapa, chomwe ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe chathandizira kukulitsa kuzindikira kwa anthu za zenizeni zenizeni.

Kuyesera kufotokoza zosakanikirana zenizeni (MR) imafotokozedwa ngati imodzi yomwe, monga AR, imayang'anira zinthu zenizeni zenizeni, koma ili ndi mfundo yothira jekeseni zinthu zenizeni kudziko lenileni.

Mawu akuti "Zowona Zosakanikirana" akuwoneka kuti adayambitsidwa koyamba mu 1994 m'nkhani yakuti "A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays". Paula Milgrama i Fumio Kishino. Izi nthawi zambiri zimamveka ngati kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zonse zitatu - kukonza makompyuta, kuyika kwa anthu komanso kuyika chilengedwe. Kusuntha mu dziko lakuthupi kungayambitse kusuntha mu dziko la digito. Malire adziko lapansi amatha kukhudza mapulogalamu monga masewera a digito.

Ndilo lingaliro la polojekiti Magalasi a Microsoft HoloLens. Poyang'ana koyamba, ndizotsogola pang'ono kuposa Google Glass, koma pali tsatanetsatane yaying'ono koma yofunika kwambiri - kuyanjana. Hologram imayikidwa pamwamba pa chithunzi chenichenicho, chomwe tingagwirizane nacho. Mtunda wake ndi malo ake zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyang'ana chipinda, komwe kumawerengera nthawi zonse mtunda pakati pa chisoti ndi malo ozungulira. Zithunzi zowonetsedwa zitha kuyikidwa paliponse, kaya zili zokhazikika kapena zopangika.

Mtundu wa masewerawo "Minecraft" woperekedwa kwa HoloLens udawonetsa bwino kusiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana ndi hologram, yomwe titha kusuntha, kukulitsa, kuchepa, kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa. Ili ndi lingaliro limodzi chabe, koma limakupatsani mwayi womvetsetsa kuti ndi magawo angati a moyo wanu omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zina zowonjezera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru.

Mixed Reality ndi Microsoft HoloLens

Chisokonezo

Kuti mumve zenizeni, muyenera kuvala () VR chomverera m'makutu chapadera. Zina mwa zidazi zimalumikizana ndi kompyuta (Oculus Rift) kapena konsoni yamasewera (PlayStation VR), koma palinso zida zoimirira (Google Cardboard ndi imodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri). Mahedifoni ambiri amtundu wa VR amagwira ntchito ndi mafoni a m'manja - ingolumikizani foni yanu yam'manja, ikani chomverera m'makutu, ndipo mwakonzeka kumizidwa mu zenizeni zenizeni.

Muzowona zowonjezera, ogwiritsa ntchito amawona dziko lenileni ndiyeno amawona ndikutheka kuchitapo kanthu pazowonjezera za digito. Monga momwemo, momwe anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amayendera dziko lenileni ndi mafoni awo kufunafuna zolengedwa zazing'ono. Ngati muli ndi foni yamakono yokha, mutha kutsitsa pulogalamu ya AR mosavuta ndikuyesa luso.

Chowonadi chosakanikirana ndi lingaliro latsopano, kotero likhoza kubweretsa ... chisokonezo. Pali MR yomwe imayamba ndi zenizeni zenizeni - zinthu zenizeni sizimalumikizana ndi zenizeni, koma zimatha kulumikizana nazo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, wogwiritsa ntchito amakhalabe m'malo enieni omwe zinthu za digito zimawonjezeredwa. Komabe, palinso zenizeni zosakanikirana, zomwe zimayamba ndi dziko lenileni - chilengedwe cha digito chimakhazikitsidwa ndikulowetsa dziko lenileni. Pankhaniyi, wogwiritsa ntchito amakhalabe womizidwa kwathunthu m'malo enieni pomwe dziko lenileni latsekedwa. Kodi izi zikusiyana bwanji ndi VR? Mu zosiyana za MR izi, zinthu za digito zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zenizeni, pamene mu kufotokozera kwa VR, malo enieni sakugwirizana ndi dziko lenileni lozungulira wogwiritsa ntchito.

Monga mu Star Wars

Malingaliro a asayansi ochokera ku Brigham Young University

Kuposa zinthu zenizeni zenizeni nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida, magalasi kapena magalasi. Mtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi wosakanikirana ukhoza kuwoneka kwa aliyense wozungulira, popanda zida zapadera, zowonetsera, zodziwika, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku Star Wars. Holograms zotere zimapezeka ngakhale pamakonsati (malemu Michael Jackson akuvina pa siteji). Komabe, akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ku Brigham Young University ku Utah posachedwapa anafotokoza m’magazini yotchedwa Nature kuti apanga luso lojambula zithunzi la 3D lodziwika bwino mpaka pano, ngakhale kuti salitchula kuti hologram.

Gulu lotsogozedwa ndi a Daniel Smalley adapanga mawonekedwe osuntha a XNUMXD omwe amatha kuwonedwa kuchokera mbali iliyonse.

Smalley adauza Nature News.

Hologram yachikhalidwe m'mawonekedwe ake apano ndi chithunzithunzi cha chithunzi kuchokera kugwero lomwe limakhala ndi ngodya inayake yowonera. Sizingawonedwe kumbali zonse mofanana. Pakadali pano, gulu la Smalley lapanga njira yomwe amatcha mapu a XNUMXD. Imagwira gawo limodzi la cellulose fiber ndipo imatenthedwa mofanana ndi matabwa a laser. Kuwunikira kachigawo kakang'ono kamene kamadutsa mumlengalenga, kukankhidwa ndi kukokedwa ndi machitidwe a cheza, kuwala kowoneka kumapangidwira pa izo pogwiritsa ntchito seti yachiwiri ya lasers.

Malo a digito ogulitsa

Nazi nkhani zochokera ku masayansi asayansi. Komabe, zikuwoneka kuti kusakanikirana kwa zinthu zenizeni posachedwa kudzakhala padziko lonse lapansi. John Hanke - CEO wa Niantic (wodziwika bwino poyambitsa "Pokémon Go") - pamsonkhano waposachedwa wa GamesBeat, adalankhula za polojekiti yatsopano yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa. (dziko la digito). Lingaliro likuyandikira ndikuyandikira zenizeni zikomo chifukwa cha Arcona, chiyambi chopanga chosanjikiza chenicheni chotambasulidwa padziko lapansi. Kampaniyo yapanga ma algorithms angapo kuti athandizire kutengera anthu ambiri amtundu wa AR.

Lingaliro lalikulu la polojekitiyi ndikupangitsa kuti zenizeni zikhale zogwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko lenileni. Chifukwa cha ma algorithms a Arcona komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa block, zomwe zili mu 3D zitha kuyikidwa patali komanso malo okhazikika, zomwe zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga zowonjezera za digito kuchokera kulikonse padziko lapansi. Kampaniyo yayamba kale kumanga zigawo m'mizinda ikuluikulu monga Tokyo, Rome, New York ndi London. Pamapeto pake, cholinga chake ndikupanga mapu a XNUMXD enieni a XNUMXD adziko lonse lapansi omwe azikhala ngati maziko amtambo pama projekiti osiyanasiyana augmented zenizeni.

Arcona imapereka mawonekedwe

Pakadali pano, kampaniyo "yagulitsa" 5 miliyoni m² malo anu a digito m'malo abwino kwambiri ku Madrid, Tokyo ndi New York. Ogwiritsa ntchito opitilira 15 XNUMX alowa m'gulu la Arkona. Akatswiri akufotokoza kuti n'zosavuta kulingalira ntchito zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza za teknolojiyi. Makampani ogulitsa nyumba amatha, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito AR wosanjikiza kuti awonetse kwa makasitomala awo zomwe ntchito zomwe zatsirizidwa zidzawonekere zikamalizidwa. Makampani okopa alendo adzakhala ndi mwayi wokondweretsa alendo ndi zosangalatsa za malo akale omwe kulibenso. Digital Earth imatha kulola mosavuta anthu ochokera mbali zosiyanasiyana za dziko kukumana ndi kuchitirana zinthu ngati kuti ali m’chipinda chimodzi.

Malinga ndi ena, pamene kusanjika zenizeni zenizeni kumalizidwa, zitha kukhala zofunikira kwambiri za IT padziko lapansi mawa - zofunika kwambiri komanso zamtengo wapatali kuposa ma graph a Facebook kapena algorithm ya Google.